Prostaglandin in renin release during sodium deprivation

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (6) ◽  
pp. F537-F542 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Francisco ◽  
J. L. Osborn ◽  
G. F. DiBona
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Macula Densa ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

This study was designed to examine the role of prostaglandins in the macula densa-mediated increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) during dietary sodium deprivation in rats. Micropuncture collections of early distal (ED) tubular fluid (TF) and measurements of PRA, arterial pressure (AP), and renal blood flow (RBF) were obtained in four groups of animals. Groups I and II received a normal Na diet and groups II and IV received a low Na diet; groups II and IV received indomethacin. Studies were performed after surgical denervation of the kidneys; AP and RBF were not different among the four groups of animals. EDTFna delivery was lower in groups III (0.20 +/- 0.04 neq/min) and in group IV (0.16 +/- 0.01 neq/min) animals on the low Na diet as compared with group I (0.34 +/- 0.02 neq/min) and group II (0.32 +/- 0.05 neq/min) animals on the normal Na diet. In association with the lower EDTFna delivery, the animals receiving vehicle in group III had an elevated PRA (31.46 +/- 8.81 ng/ml) as compared with group I animals on the normal Na diet receiving vehicle (4.78 +/- 1.64 ng/ml). This rise in PRA was abolished in the animals in group IV (4.06 +/- 0.81 ng/ml) that received indomethacin. We conclude that the increase in PRA, possibly resulting from macula densa receptor stimulation, during dietary Na deprivation is dependent on prostaglandin synthesis.

Effect of norepinephrine on diaphragm contractility and blood flow

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2019-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Supinski ◽  
A. F. DiMarco ◽  
J. Gonzalez ◽  
M. D. Altose
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Force Frequency ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intramuscular Electrodes ◽  
Phrenic Artery ◽  
Group Ii

Recent studies have shown that diaphragm fatigue can be reversed by mechanical augmentation of phrenic arterial flow. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether it was possible to pharmacologically augment diaphragm blood flow and reverse fatigue by the administration of norepinephrine. Four groups of studies were performed, all employing our previously described in situ isometric canine diaphragm strip preparation (Supinski et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 1789-1796, 1986). Group I studies examined the effects of norepinephrine on the contractility of the nonfatigued diaphragm in normotensive dogs, group II studies examined the effects of this drug on the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm in normotensive animals, and group III studies examined the effect of this drug on the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm in hypotensive animals. Group IV studies examined the effect of norepinephrine in normotensive animals in which the phrenic artery was cannulated and pump perfused at constant flow. Fatigue was induced in group II, III, and IV studies by rhythmically stimulating the diaphragm via intramuscular electrodes. Norepinephrine had no effect on the contractility of the nonfatigued diaphragm (group I). In normotensive (group II) and hypotensive animals (group III), norepinephrine elicited dramatic increases in arterial blood pressure and phrenic arterial flow and produced a significant upshift in the force-frequency curve of the fatigued diaphragm. However, when phrenic flow was held constant (group IV experiments), norepinephrine failed to augment the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm. These results indicate that 1) norepinephrine can increase phrenic blood flow and augment the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm in both normotensive and hypotensive conditions and 2) this effect of norepinephrine to partially reverse fatigue is secondary to its action to augment diaphragmatic blood flow.

The effect of mannitol on cerebral blood flow

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar J. Jafar ◽  
Lydia M. Johns ◽  
Sean F. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Serial Measurements

✓ The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mannitol, given over different time periods, on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Seven patients with unruptured aneurysms (Group I) and 16 patients with Grade I and II subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (Group II) received 1.5 gm/kg/8 hrs of 20% mannitol intravenously over a 24-hour period. Seven other patients with unruptured aneurysms (Group III) received 1.5 gm/kg of mannitol over 8 hours only. The last seven patients with unruptured aneurysms (Group IV) received the same dose, but as an intravenous bolus. Over a period of 24 hours, the patients underwent serial measurements of rCBF, intracranial pressure (ICP), mean blood pressure (MBP), cardiac output, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2). Mannitol, when given as a continuous intravenous infusion, increased rCBF significantly without increasing MBP or decreasing ICP. This increase was more pronounced in SAH patients. The effects of mannitol lasted for 18 hours when given over an 8-hour period only; however, when it was given as a bolus, the increase in rCBF lasted for 24 hours, cardiac output tended to increase, and the effect on CMRO2 was variable.

Adrenal blood flow and secretory effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. H220-H227 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ligier ◽  
M. J. Breslow ◽  
K. Clarkson ◽  
H. Raff ◽  
R. J. Traystman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Catecholamine Secretion ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I

To evaluate effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation on regional adrenal blood flow and secretion, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (n = 5–6/group) received the beta-agonist isoproterenol (group I), the alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine (group II), or the alpha 2-agonist dexmedetomidine (group III). Measurements of adrenal cortical (CQ) and medullary (MQ) blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) and catecholamine secretion were made before and during agonist infusion. Isoproterenol increased catecholamine secretion but had no direct effect on MQ or CQ. In contrast, phenylephrine increased MQ and CQ four- and twofold, respectively. Dexmedetomidine had no effect on MQ or catecholamine secretion. To evaluate whether blood flow effects of phenylephrine were due to increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) or related to activation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, two additional groups of animals received phenylephrine; group IV had MAP maintained at baseline by controlled hemorrhage into a pressurized bottle; group V received prazosin before phenylephrine. Prevention of MAP increase did not prevent the vasodilation response to phenylephrine, but it was completely blocked by prazosin. Canine adrenal homogenates incubated with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor ligand, 125I-labeled 2-[beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethlaminomethyl]tetralone, demonstrated specific and saturable binding, supporting the presence of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. We conclude that increases in MQ and CQ elicited by phenylephrine appear to be due to alpha 1-receptor stimulation. The mechanism responsible for this vasodilation is not known.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study to Demonstrate the Extents of Reversible Changes after Withdrawal of Allethrin Based Mosquito Coil Smoke Exposure along with the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C on Induced Testicular Changes in Male Wistar Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Heena Singh ◽  
Dr. Navneet Kumar ◽  
Dr. Raghvendra Singh ◽  
Dr. Punita Manik ◽  
Dr. Archana Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study was an attempt to delineate the effect of allethrin based mosquito coil exposure on male fertility of wistar albino rats. This also includes two months of discontinuation of exposure to know whether there is any reversibility of changes. We also studied the role of an antioxidant (Vitamin C) in ameliorating the effect caused by the coil.The animals in our study were randomized into four groups: group I served as control rats; group II, III and IV received mosquito coil smoke 8 hours a day, 7 days a week for 12 week. Group IV rats co-administered oral supplementation of Vit. C (20 mg/kg body weight) once in a day for the same time period while group III animals were further kept for 8 weeks without any exposure to demonstrate withdrawal effect. Mean testicular weight was maximum in Group IV(1.83±0.30 gm) followed by group I(1.56±0.19gms), group III(1.22±0.42 gms) and group II(0.64±0.09 gm). Mean sperm count ranged from 83.75±9.61 units in Group II to 100.0±16.68 units in Group III, 130.7±14.14 units in Group IV and 157.7±7.92 units (Group I). Mean % abnormal sperm morphology was maximum in Group II (36.95±7.87%) followed by Group III (30.66±9.59%), Group IV (11.97±2.74%) and Group I (5.37±1.28%). Statistically, this difference was significant (p<0.001). This study demonstrates different types of abnormal sperm morphology. This study has its own merit that it also depicts the possible improvement after discontinuation of exposure and vitamin C supplementation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE PROPHYLACTIC ROLE OF INDIAN SHRIMP IN ALUMINUM CHLORIDE-INDUCED ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE ON EXPERIMENTAL RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
RAMACHANDRAN S ◽  
SRI RAMYA M ◽  
LIZA U ◽  
LAKSHMI PRASANNA PS ◽  
SARISHMA K
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

Objective: This work was aimed to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic role of Indian shrimp in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in rats. Methods: The male Wistar rats were selected and divided into six groups. Group I received distilled water, Group II received AlCl3 ( 100 mg/kg, p.o.), Group III received rivastigmine (1 mg/kg, p.o.), Group IV received AlCl3 + shrimp powder (200 mg/kg, p.o), and Group V received AlCl3 + shrimp powder (400 mg/kg, p.o) for 60 days. At the end of the study, various parameters such as behavioral and biochemical investigations were assessed. Results: The result of the study shows that the shrimp (400 mg/kg) has better effect on the treatment of aluminum chloride-induced AD in rats. It showed a remarkable improvement in the behavioral and biochemical parameters, and the result of histopathology study shows that the hippocampus region of brain tissue recovered as compared with control. Conclusion: From this study, it is evident that dietary intake of shrimp can help to inhibit oxidative stress produced due to the accumulation of AlCl3 in the brain and used as a prophylactic for AD.

scholarly journals The association of lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes with peripheral artery disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Tmoyan ◽  
M V Ezhov ◽  
O I Afanasieva ◽  
E A Klesareva ◽  
O A Razova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Group I ◽  
Artery Disease

Aim. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction. Data about the role of Lp(a) in the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is controversial and uncertain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between Lp(a), apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] phenotypes and PAD. Materials and methods. The study included 998 patients (707 male and 291 female, average age 60±12). The patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence or absence PAD and CHD: group I (n=188, PAD+CHD+), group II (n=78, PAD+CHD-), group III (n=407, PAD-CHD+), group IV (n=325, PAD-CHD-). Results. The level of Lp(a) was significantly higher in groups I, II, III in comparison with patients of control group (group IV): 34 [15; 80], 30 [10; 49], 22 [8; 60] mg/dl vs. 15 [6; 35] mg/dl respectively, p

Indomethacin blunts ethchlorvynol-induced pulmonary hypertension but not pulmonary edema

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Glauser ◽  
R. P. Fairman ◽  
J. E. Millen ◽  
R. K. Falls
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Permeability Pulmonary Edema

Ethchlorvynol (10 mg/kg) causes transient pulmonary hypertension and an increased permeability pulmonary edema in sheep. To determine the role of cyclooxygenase and its metabolites, histamine, and catecholamines in both phenomena, we studied five groups of sheep: group I, placebo; group II, ethchlorvynol; group III, indomethacin with ethchlorvynol; group IV, diphenhydramine with ethchlorvynol; group V, phentolamine with ethchlorvynol. Indomethacin, but not diphenhydramine or phentolamine, blunted the pulmonary hypertensive response seen immediately following the ethchlorvynol injection. However, none of the drugs had any effect on the increased permeability pulmonary edema. We conclude that cyclooxygenase or its metabolites partially mediates the hypertensive response but not the increased permeability pulmonary edema seen in sheep following ethchlorvynol injection.

scholarly journals Impact of Radiotherapy in Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Nazir Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mohammad Ashraf Teli ◽  
M Mohib-ul Haq ◽  
Sheikh Aejaz Aziz ◽  
Syed Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Systemic Spread

BACKGROUND: Small cell carcinoma of lung has a drastically different and an aggressive natural history with its rapid growth and early systemic spread. Despite its chemo-sensitivity, it has an exquisite tendency for local recurrence. There is irrefutable evidence that addition of radiotherapy can achieve excellent local control within its treatment portals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of radiotherapy in small cell carcinoma of lung. METHODS: 55 cases of small cell carcinoma of lung were treated in the Department of Radiotherapy from Jan, 1996 to Dec, 2000. Four subsets of patients were analysed with all medical records and follow-up. Group-I included cases who had not received any specific treatment. Group-II had received chemotherapy alone. Group-III had received chemoradiotherapy and Group-IV had undergone surgery followed by chemo-radiotherapy. RESULTS: Overall survival at 1, 2 and 3 year follow-up was 15.3%, 13.2% and 7.8% in cases who had received radiation in addition to chemotherapy. There were 2 cases (3.7%) in Group-IV who had 5 year survival. CONCLUSION: Addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy protocols has an important role in improving the survival in this type of lung cancer.(JMS 2010;13(2):60-63)

scholarly journals The Anti-depressant Activity of Fixed Oil of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Salma Sabir ◽  
Sadia Ghousia Baig ◽  
Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan Mohtasheem ul Hasan ◽  
Afshan Siddiq ◽  
Salman Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Red Kidney Bean

Phaseolus vulgaris Linn commonly known as red kidney bean, it is enriched in protein, carbohydrates and dietary fibres. Beans have nutritional and health benefits and also possess antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anticancer activity due to presence of bio-active chemical constituents. The following study was carried out to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil (PVFO) using forced swim test and tail suspension test in mice. In this study animals assigned into four groups (n=7). Group I: Control normal saline (2 mL/Kg), Group II: PVFO I (2 mL/Kg), Group III: PVFO II (4 mL/Kg) and Group IV: standard amitriptyline (10 mg/Kg). The results were significant and indicated the possible anti-depressant role of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil.

scholarly journals ISONIAZID INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1124-1128
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahsan ◽  
Sarwat Jahan ◽  
Sana Imran ◽  
Naveed Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Portal Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Lobule ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: To observe healthy effects of silymarin on liver histopathology againstliver damage, caused by isoniazid in rabbits. Study Design: Interventional study. Setting:Animal House of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Period: April to September2013. Methods: Total 28 rabbits of weight 1-1.5kg of either sex were used in this study. Whichwere divided randomly into four equal groups: Group I was control group. In group II silymarin(50mg/kg/day orally) was administered, in group III isoniazid (50mg/kg/dayorally) was given;and in group IV, effects of combination therapy of isoniazid and silymarin were observed. Beforestarting the drug therapy, at day 0 and one day after the end of study period i.e., at day 19, bodyweight of each animal was recorded. Rabbits were sacrificed on 19th day and the required liversample was taken for histopathological examination. The data feeding and analysis at the endof study was done on computer package SPSS (Statistical packages of social science) version16. Results: No mortality was recorded in any group. In group II (silymarin treated) animals inthis group exhibited no any histological changes in the hepatic lobule except few inflammatorycells 28.5% were seen in the portal tract. The liver microscopic examination in group III(Isoniazid treated), animals showed the disturbed architecture of the lobule. There were no fattychanges, whereas ballooning degeneration was 42.9%, hepatocytes necrosis was 71% andportal inflammation was 71.4% which was very severe. Animals in group IV, given combinationof silymarin and isoniazid showed the intact architecture of the hepatic lobule, in which 14.29%ballooning degeneration, whereas necrosis of hepatocytes and portal inflammation was mildin nature which may be due to hepatoprotective role of silymarin. Conclusion: Silymarin hashepatoprotective effects when given in combination with isoniazid.

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