Red cell and plasma volumes of the rat and of tissues during cold acclimation

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton B. Everett ◽  
Lorna Matson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Control Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Blood Cell And Plasma ◽  
The Individual

Red cell and plasma volumes of the total rat and of its individual tissues and organs were determined for animals exposed to 5 C for 4 hr, 24 hr, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks. In addition, the tissue hematocrit ratios were determined. These values were compared with those of rats kept at 24 C. Fe59-labeled erythrocytes and I131-labeled albumin were given intravenously, and after mixing the rats were frozen in liquid nitrogen. The organs and tissues were removed in the frozen state, assayed for radioactivity, and blood cell and plasma volumes were calculated on a unit weight basis. Significant changes in blood cell and plasma volumes were observed for the total rat and for many of the individual organs. There was a significant increase in the red cell content of the total rat within 24 hr of cold exposure. After 6 weeks, total blood volume was increased by approximately 20% over the control level and the increase in erythrocyte volume was slightly more than the increase in plasma volume. The hematocrit ratio of heart blood was 44.8 after 6 weeks exposure compared with 41.5 for controls. In general, it can be said that the somatic parts of the body showed increases in blood volume whereas the visceral parts had decreased volumes. Submitted on August 15, 1960

scholarly journals Blood volume in monoclonal gammopathy

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Alexanian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The plasma volume, red cell volume, or both were measured in 170 normal, anemic, or polycythemic subjects. For anemic subjects without a serum protein abnormality or splenomegaly, the relationship between hematocrit and red cell volume was linear and predictable. In patients with a serum monoclonal globulin on electrophoresis, the plasma voluem was significantly increased for the hematocrit in 30%, and the total blood volume was increased in 45%. The frequency of an elevated plasma volume was higher in patients with a markedly increased level of monoclonal protein. Reductions of abnormal proteins with chemotherapy were associated with declines in plasma volume. For a specific concentration, the serum viscosity was highest in patients with IgM proteins and lowest in patients with IgG globulins. Marked elevations in viscosity were noted only in sera with macroglobulinemia or with more than 5 g/dl of IgG or IgA globulins.

Circulating blood volumes in pulmonary hypertension associated with erythrocytosis – the effects of therapeutic hemodilution

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilvani C. Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Alberto Buschpigell ◽  
Antonio Augusto Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Eisenmenger Syndrome ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Blood Volumes

In the Eisenmenger syndrome, indirect estimation of blood volumes may provide quite inaccurate information when seeking to define therapeutic strategies. With this in mind, we analyzed directly the red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital cardiac defects and erythrocytosis, comparing the results with the respective estimated volumes, and examining the changes induced by therapeutic hemodilution.Thus, we studied 17 patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome, aged from 15 to 53 years, in the basal condition, studying 12 of them both before and after hemodilution. We also investigated five individuals with minimal cardiac lesions, aged from 14 to 42 years, as controls. Red cell mass and plasma volumes were measured using [51 chromium]-sodium chromate and [131iodine]-albumin respectively. Hemodilution was planned so as to exchange 10% of the total blood volume, using 40,000 molecular weight dextran simultaneously to replace the removed volume. The mean values of the red cell mass, plasma volume and total blood volume as assessed by radionuclide techniques were 32%, 31% and 32% higher than the respective volumes as estimated using empirical mathematical formulas (p < 0.002). The measured total blood volume was also 19% higher in the patients compared with controls. Following a period of 5 days after hemodilution, we noted a 13% reduction in red cell mass (p = 0.046), and 10% reduction in total blood volume (p = 0.02), albeit with no changes in the plasma volume.We conclude that direct measurement of blood volumes is useful for proper management of these patients, and provides results that are considerably different from those obtained by empirical estimations.

Blood distribution during cardiac arrest induced by hypothermia

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-540
Author(s):  
Paul W. Willard ◽  
Steven M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Blood Redistribution ◽  
Blood Volumes

Blood volumes with simultaneous blood- and red cell-distribution measurements were determined by the Cr51 technique in four groups of rats. In splenectomized and nonsplenectomized animals, blood volume of the whole body, lung, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius muscle was measured in both the control rats (body temperature 37 C) and in rats with hypothermically induced cardiac arrest (body temperature 8–9 C). Splenectomy caused alterations in some visceral blood volumes without concurrent changes in red cell mass. With cardiac arrest increased quantities of blood and red cell mass were observed in the lung, liver, and gastrocnemius in both splenectomized and nonsplenectomized groups. In the nonsplenectomized animals an increase of over 100 % in spleen blood volume was observed. When the two hypothermic groups were compared, differences existed only in blood volume of the lung, heart, and kidney. Hypothermia induced a pattern of blood redistribution toward visceral areas of the body. Submitted on October 14, 1960

Determination of the pH of Hemolyzed Packed Red Cells from Arterial Blood

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
May K Purcell ◽  
Gertrude M Still ◽  
Theodore Rodman ◽  
Henry P Close
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fiducial Probability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Red Cell Ph

Abstract A technic is described for the determination of the in vivo pH of red blood cell hemolysates. The mean arterial red cell pH of 20 normal subjects was 7.19 with a range of 7.15 to 7.22. The fiducial probability at the 0.95 level is 7.13 to 7.25. The mean difference in pH between plasma and cells was 0.21, with a range of 0.15 to 0.23. It is suggested that changes in pH of erythrocytes may reflect changes in other less accessible cells of the body and that the determination may be a useful research and clinical procedure in the study of metabolic and respiratory derangements.

An Assessment of the Differences in Erythropoiesis Between Transfused Males and Females with β Thalassaemia Major

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4045-4045
Author(s):  
Greg Hapgood ◽  
Timothy Walsh ◽  
Ronit Cukierman ◽  
Eldho Paul ◽  
Ken Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Reticulocyte Count ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background: β thalassemia major results in ineffective erythropoiesis. Blood transfusion aims, in part, to suppress this and to limit morbidity from anaemia, bone marrow expansion and extra-medullary hemopoiesis (EMH), thereby increasing survival. According to current international guidelines, males and females are transfused equally. Aims: We sought to assess the adequacy of suppression of erythropoiesis in all 126 transfused adult (>18 years) males and females with β thalassemia major at our centre by: (1) assessing readily available pre-transfusion indices of erythropoiesis, including erythropoietin (EPO) levels; (2) determining the volume of blood transfused per kilogram (kg) and per calculated blood volume; and (3) assessing the incidence of para-spinal EMH masses based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We analysed pre-transfusion (i.e., the day of transfusion) hemoglobin (Hb), reticulocyte count, red blood cell count (RCC), nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count, EPO and ferritin levels in patients receiving stable, regular blood transfusion. Automated and manual NRBC and reticulocyte enumerations were performed. Blood volume was calculated using Nadler’s formula. MRI performed to assess cardiac function and hepatic and cardiac iron loading was reviewed for the presence of para-spinal EMH. Results: One hundred and sixteen adult patients (51 males and 65 females) provided pre-transfusion blood samples (Table 1). The 10 patients not included were either not available or declined testing. The mean pre-transfusion Hb was 98-99g/l with no difference between males or females (Table 2). Therefore, our data reflect long-standing adherence to current international transfusion recommendations. EPO levels and NRBC count (manual and automated) were significantly higher in males compared to females. RCC, reticulocyte count (manual and automated) and ferritin levels were not different between males and females. Males received less blood per kg of body weight and per calculated blood volume. The incidence of para-spinal EMH was 13% (14/110) and was significantly higher in males (11/50) compared to females (3/60)(22% versus 5%, respectively, (p = 0.01)). The incidence of splenectomy was higher in males. Conclusions: These findings confirm that erythropoiesis is not equally suppressed in males and females and that males are more prone to complications from being under-transfused with current transfusion practices. This work has major clinical implications for transfusion practices in the management of β thalassemia major. Abstract 4045. Table 1 Summary of patients included in the study Variable Overall Males Females p value Number 116 51 65 - Age (years) 39.3 ± 9.3 40.0 ± 9.6 38.8 ± 9.1 0.511 Weight (kg) 60.0 ± 11.6 64.9 ± 9.8 55.7 ± 12.4 < 0.0001 Height (cm) 159 ± 10.5 166 ± 8.3 153 ± 8.1 < 0.0001 Transfusion interval (weeks) 3.2 ± 0.6 3.2 ± 0.7 3.1 ± 0.5 0.168 No. RBC units per transfusion 3.03 ± 0.63 3.22 ± 0.76 2.89 ± 0.48 0.006 Estimated annual transfused volume (l) 13.5 (10.1-13.5) 14.0 (14.0-14.0) 14.0 (10.0-14.0) < 0.0001 Estimated annual transfused volume per kg (ml/kg) 215 (185-255) 202 (185-225) 225 (188-263) 0.028 Estimated patient blood volume (l) 3.79 ± 0.73 4.39 ± 0.50 3.32 ± 0.52 < 0.0001 Ratio of estimated annual transfused volume (l) per estimated patient blood volume (l) 3.33 (2.84-4.01) 2.98 (2.68-3.28) 3.79 (3.3-4.35) < 0.0001 Splenectomy 49.5% 61% 40% 0.031 Data are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or percentage. Transfused volumes are calculated on the assumption that each unit contains 260ml red cells (Australia Red Cross Blood Service red cell unit mean volume = 259 ± 23ml). Nadler’s formula for total blood volume (TBV): men TBV (ml) = 604 + (367 x height3(m3)) + (32.2 x weight (kg)); women TBV = 183 + (356 x height3(m3)) + 33.1 x weight (kg)). Table 2. Laboratory indices of pre-transfusion erythropoiesis for all patients Variable Overall Male Female p value Hemoglobin (g/l) 98 ± 8.9 98 ± 9.9 99 ± 8.1 0.36 Red cell count (x 1012/l) 3.4 ± 0.35 3.45 ± 0.40 3.50 ± 0.32 0.46 Ferritin (mcg/l) 821 (604-1300) 754 (582-1139) 943 (639-1356) 0.11 Erythropoietin (mIU/ml) 58 (37-99) 72 (41-149) 52 (35-89) 0.006 Manual NRBC (number NRBC/100 WBC counted) 6 (1-54) 21 (2-98) 3 (1-28) 0.003 Automated NRBC (number NRBC/100 WBC counted) 5 (0-34) 17 (0-54) 1 (0-20) 0.014 Data are mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Terumo BCT MNC and Cmnc Protocols for Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collections

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 5731-5731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Westbrook ◽  
Joseph Roig ◽  
Neil Bagamasbad ◽  
Reynold Dilag ◽  
Melissa Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Run Time

Abstract Background: Terumo BCT recently offered a new method of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection using the Spectra Optia¨, an apheresis instrument. The new protocol includes a continuous mononuclear cell collection (CMNC) as opposed to an older version, the mononuclear cell collection (MNC), which involves an additional step where product pools through a cell separation insert. Our institution has used both methods and the purpose of this study was to compare the CMNC to the MNC protocol, including run times and PBSC product characteristics. Methods: A retrospective review and comparison of parameters from 120 collection procedures using the MNC insert and 60 collection procedures using the CMNC insert was done using the t-test. Data from patients/donors (including 20 allogeneic donors) as well as procedure details including run time, flow cytometry marker for stem cells (CD34)-positive (CD34+) throughput, CD34+ collection efficiency (CE%), platelet loss (plt loss/total blood volume [TBV]), and collection product characteristics were included in the analysis. Results: The MNC donor group included 12 allogeneic donors, which is comparable to the 8 allogeneic donors in the CMNC group. Donor weight and patient weight was not significantly different between the two groups. Pre-procedure laboratory values (WBC, percentage of lymphocytes [lymph%], percentage of monocytes [MNC%], and platelet count) were also similar between the two groups. Run time was found to be significantly shorter using the CMNC protocol compared to the MNC protocol. Product volume was also significantly lower in the CMNC group compared to the MNC group. Although the volume was lower, the CMNC product had significantly higher white blood cell count (WBC), MNC%, and lymph% when compared to the MNC product. The CD34+ throughput was significantly higher in the CMNC group than the MNC group. The CD34+ CE% was found to be slightly increased in the CMNC group, though not significantly. The platelet loss was nearly identical in both protocols when normalized for total blood volume. Product hematocrit (HCT%) was significantly higher using the CMNC protocol; however, the red blood cell volume never exceeded 20 mL due to the lower product volume with the CMNC protocol. The numerical results are summarized in the Table. Conclusion: The CMNC protocol collects a smaller volume of a purer product when compared to the MNC protocol with comparable platelet and red blood cell loss. Staff members who perform apheresis procedures are pleased by the shorter run time. Table Table. Disclosures Roig: Terumo BCT: Employment.

scholarly journals Refinement of blood sampling from the sublingual vein of rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Zeller ◽  
Heinz Weber ◽  
Basile Panoussis ◽  
Thomas Bürge ◽  
Reinhard Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
23 Gauge ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

A refined method of repeated blood sampling is described: the tongue of the anaesthetized rat is pulled forward with the fingers and the sublingual vein is punctured with a 23 gauge hypodermic needle. Based on the requirement of a pharmacokinetic study, 0.5 or 1 ml of blood was collected 7 times at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. The degree of suffering was judged by determining the body weight and food and water consumption. All animals showed an increase in body weight already after 24 h and, therefore, the method of collecting blood from the sublingual vein can be recommended for repeated blood sampling. The haematological evaluation of groups of animals with differing body weight showed that sample volumes of up to 15% of the total blood volume lead to haematocrit values of approximately 40%. A remarkable initial drop in white blood cell counts followed by a marked rise 2 h after first sampling to values partly above the pre-test could not be directly related to the extracted blood volume.

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