Determination of the pH of Hemolyzed Packed Red Cells from Arterial Blood

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
May K Purcell ◽  
Gertrude M Still ◽  
Theodore Rodman ◽  
Henry P Close
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fiducial Probability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Red Cell Ph

Abstract A technic is described for the determination of the in vivo pH of red blood cell hemolysates. The mean arterial red cell pH of 20 normal subjects was 7.19 with a range of 7.15 to 7.22. The fiducial probability at the 0.95 level is 7.13 to 7.25. The mean difference in pH between plasma and cells was 0.21, with a range of 0.15 to 0.23. It is suggested that changes in pH of erythrocytes may reflect changes in other less accessible cells of the body and that the determination may be a useful research and clinical procedure in the study of metabolic and respiratory derangements.

Effects of NO-Donors on Thrombus Formation and Microcirculation in Cerebral Vessels of the Rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Sasaki ◽  
Junji Seki ◽  
John C Giddings ◽  
Junichiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Red Cell Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummarySodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), are known to liberate nitric oxide (NO). In this study the effects of SNP and SIN-1 on thrombus formation in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo were assessed using a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser. SNP infused at doses from 10 Μg/kg/h significantly inhibited thrombus formation in a dose dependent manner. This inhibition of thrombus formation was suppressed by methylene blue. SIN-1 at a dose of 100 Μg/kg/h also demonstrated a significant antithrombotic effect. Moreover, treatment with SNP increased vessel diameter in a dose dependent manner and enhanced the mean red cell velocity measured with a fiber-optic laser-Doppler anemometer microscope (FLDAM). Blood flow, calculated from the mean red cell velocity and vessel diameters was increased significantly during infusion. In contrast, mean wall shear rates in the arterioles and venules were not changed by SNP infusion. The results indicated that SNP and SIN-1 possessed potent antithrombotic activities, whilst SNP increased cerebral blood flow without changing wall shear rate. The findings suggest that the NO released by SNP and SIN-1 may be beneficial for the treatment and protection of cerebral infarction

scholarly journals On the Pathology of the dropsy produced by obstruction of the superior and inferior venœ and the portal vein.— Preliminary communication

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (532) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Limit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
The Mean

In August, 1903, I published a paper in the ‘Journal of Pathology’(1) in which I demonstrated a method experimentally producing uncompensated hear disease in an animal, which was compatible with life. This method consisted in diminishing the size of the pericardial sac by stitches, so that the diastolic filling of the heart was impeded. The main symptoms of this condition were dropsy and diminution in the amount of urine excreted. As the immediate result of this interference with the action of the heart, there occurred a rise of pressure throughout the whole systemic venous system extending as far back as the capillaries, and a fall of the mean arterial blood-pressure. Further, I found that the pressure in all the veins fell to the normal limit again within the space of about one hour, and that subsequently when dropsy was being produced, the vanous pressure in all parts of the body was normal, and the arterial pressure had almost recovered itself.

ANALISA LOGAM BESI (Fe) DI SUNGAI PASAR DAERAH BELANGWETAN KLATEN DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Rahmi Nurhaini ◽  
Arief Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Republic

Iron (Fe) is one of many heavy metals that is corrosive resistant, dense, and has a low melting point. If accumulated in the body, the metal can cause some medical conditions, such as irritation to skin and eyes, breathing problems, and in the long term, cancer. This research aims to know generally the spread of metallic iron (Fe) in the river Pasar in Belangwetan, Klaten. This study was conducted using an observational method in which researchers did not examine the effects of interventions. Sampling was done using purposive sampling method taken from three points, namely the upper, middle, lower. Determination of iron levels by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) obtained a positive result, and the data was processed using SPSS to determine the Mean and Standard Deviation. Of the research result, it could be known the Mean score was 2.33 ppm and SD was 0.0352. The result of this research indicated that the levels of iron in the river Pasar in Belangwetan were 2.33 ppm. It means that the levels violate the regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, which is not more than 1mg/L (1ppm) in the clean water

Red cell function at extreme altitude on Mount Everest

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Winslow ◽  
M. Samaja ◽  
J. B. West
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Extreme Altitude ◽  
2,3 Dpg

As part of the American Medical Research Expedition to Everest in 1981, we measured hemoglobin concentration, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), Po2 at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated (P50), and acid-base status in expedition members at various altitudes. All measurements were made in expedition laboratories and, with the exception of samples from the South Col of Mt. Everest (8,050 m), within 2 h of blood collection. In vivo conditions were estimated from direct measurements of arterial blood gases and pH or inferred from base excess and alveolar PCO2. As expected, increased 2,3-DPG was associated with slightly increased P50, when expressed at pH 7.4. Because of respiratory alkalosis, however, the subjects' in vivo P50 at 6,300 m (27.6 Torr) was slightly less than at sea level (28.1 Torr). The estimated in vivo P50 was progressively lower at 8,050 m (24.9 Torr) and on the summit at 8,848 m (19.4 Torr in one subject). Our data suggest that, at extreme altitude, the blood O2 equilibrium curve shifts progressively leftward because of respiratory alkalosis. This left shift protects arterial O2 saturation at extreme altitude.

scholarly journals Effect of oxalate and malonate on red cell metabolism

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1393
Author(s):  
E Beutler ◽  
L Forman ◽  
C West
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Acid Analogue ◽  
2,3 Dpg

The addition of oxalate to blood stored in Citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) produces a marked improvement in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) preservation; an increase in 2,3-DPG levels can also be documented in short-term incubation studies. Oxalate is a potent in vitro inhibitor of red cell lactate dehydrogenase, monophosphoglycerate mutase, and pyruvate kinase (PK). In the presence of fructose 1,6-diphosphate the latter inhibitory effect is competitive with phospho(enol)pyruvate (PEP). Determination of the levels of intermediate compounds in red cells incubated with oxalate suggest the presence of inhibition at the PK step, indicating that this is the site of oxalate action. Apparent inhibition at the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase step is apparently due to an increase in the NADH/NAD ratio. Oxalate had no effect on the in vivo viability of rabbit red cells stored in CPD preservatives for 21 days. Greater understanding of the toxicity of oxalate is required before it can be considered suitable as a component of preservative media, but appreciation of the mechanism by which it affects 2,3-DPG levels may be important in design of other blood additives. Malonate, the 3-carbon dicarboxylic acid analogue of oxalate late did not inhibit pyruvate kinase nor affect 2,3-DPG levels.

Studies on Tapeworm Physiology

1946 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SMYTH
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Final Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peptone Broth

A technique has been elaborated that enabled the plerocercoid larvae of Schistocephalus solidus to be removed from the body cavity of Gasterosteus aculeatus without bacterial contamination. Larvae were cultured in plugged test-tubes under completely aseptic conditions in a variety of balanced salines, glucose salines and nutrient peptone broth. The most successful results were obtained with peptone broth at room temperatures (16-19° C) in which plerocercoids remained active and showed normal behaviour for periods up to 300 days. In ¾ strength Locke's solution, which was found by experiment to be approximately isotonic with Schistocephalus (δ = -0.44 ± 0.02° C), the mean period of normal behaviour was 114 days. In the remaining saline and saline-glucose media, the mean viability and period of normal behaviour was considerably less. In the plerocercoid, histological examination revealed that the genitalia are in an immature condition. During cultivation at room temperatures, the genitalia remained in this undifferentiated condition and showed no signs of undergoing spermatogenesis, oogenesis or vitellogenesis. Plerocercoids were induced to develop into sexually mature adults by raising the temperature of cultivation in peptone broth to 40° C. (i.e. the body temperature of the final host in the natural life cycle). Oviposition took place after 48-60 hr. at this temperature, and histological examination revealed that spermatogenesis, oogenesis, vitellogenesis and shell formation had taken place in a normal manner. The viability of artificially matured Schistocephalus was 4-6 days in vitro--a period equivalent to the viability of the adult in vivo. The eversion of the cirris was observed in each proglottid after 40 hr. cultivation at 40° C. During the sexual process the cirris everted and invaginated at the rate of about once per second. Cross-fertilization between segments of the same worm or with segments of another worm was not observed. Except for one specimen in ¾ strength Locke's solution which underwent spermatogenesis and partial vitellogenesis, larvae cultured in salines or glucose salines at 40° C. died within 1-3 days without further development. Attempts to hatch out the eggs produced by the cultivation of larvae in peptone broth at 40° C. proved unsuccessful. Histological examination revealed that spermatozoa had not been taken into the vagina. It was concluded that the eggs were not fertilized owing to the failure of normal copulation to take place.

Enzyme immunoassay of free thyroxin in dried blood samples on filter paper.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hata ◽  
K Miyai ◽  
M Ito ◽  
Y Endo ◽  
Y Iijimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measurable Range

Abstract We describe a double-antibody enzyme immunoassay for determination of free thyroxin (FT4) in dried blood samples on filter paper, with use of a T4-beta-D-galactosidase complex. The measurable range of FT4 concentration in two 3-mm blood discs, each of which contained about 2.7 microL of blood, was 1.9 to 93 ng/L, as determined by comparison with concentrations of FT4 in known serum standards. FT4 in blood samples dried on filter paper was stable for at least four weeks when kept dry at -20 degrees C, room temperature, or 37 degrees C. The mean coefficients of variation were 7.6% (within assay) and 6.4% (between assays). Results for FT4 by this method correlated well with those for serum determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98). The proposed method can be used to differentiate persons with hyper- and hypothyroidism from normal subjects and those with abnormal concentrations of thyroxin-binding globulin. The procedure seems suited for screening studies.

ANP kinetics in normal men: in vivo measurement by a tracer method and correlation with sodium intake

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. F480-F489 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Iervasi ◽  
A. Clerico ◽  
S. Berti ◽  
A. Pilo ◽  
F. Vitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Wide Range

125I-labeled atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was bolus injected into seven healthy human male subjects on an unrestricted diet (sodium intake ranging from 80 to 300 mmol/day). A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was used to purify the labeled hormone and the principal labeled metabolites in venous plasma samples collected up to 50 min after injection. The main ANP kinetic parameters were derived from the disappearance curves of the 125I-ANP, which were satisfactorily fitted by a biexponential function in all subjects. Newly produced ANP initially distributes in a large space (plasma-equivalent volume is 12.1 +/- 3.6 l/m2 body surface); the hormone rapidly leaves this sampling space through both degradation and distribution in peripheral spaces, as indicated by the single-pass mean transit time through the sampling space (3.9 +/- 1.2 min). The mean residence time in the body (22.7 +/- 23.1 min) and the plasma-equivalent total distribution volume (30.9 +/- 12.0 l/m2) indicate that ANP is also widely distributed outside the initial space. Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) values were distributed across a wide range (from 740 to 2,581 ml.min-1 x m-2) and were shown to correlate strongly with the daily urinary excretion of sodium. These results indicate that: 1) newly produced ANP is rapidly distributed and degraded, 2) the body pool of the hormone can be considered as a combination of two exchanging spaces, 3) circulating ANP is < or = 1/15 of the body pool, and 4) MCR of ANP is closely related to sodium intake, at least in normal subjects on a free sodium intake diet.

scholarly journals Measurement of Retinal Microvascular Blood Velocity Using Erythrocyte Mediated Velocimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna M. Tracey ◽  
Lakyn N. Mayo ◽  
Christopher T. Le ◽  
Victoria Y. Chen ◽  
Julian Weichsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Retinal Blood Flow ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

AbstractChanges in retinal blood flow may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and other ocular diseases. Erythrocyte mediated velocimetry (EMV) is a novel technique where indocyanine green (ICG) dye is sequestered in erythrocyte ghosts and autologously re-injected to allow direct visualization of erythrocytes for in vivo measurement of speed. The purpose of this study is to determine the mean erythrocyte speed in the retinal microvasculature, as well as the intravisit and intervisit variability of EMV. Data from 23 EMV sessions from control, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma patients were included in this study. In arteries with an average diameter of 43.11 µm ± 6.62 µm, the mean speed was 7.17 mm/s ± 2.35 mm/s. In veins with an average diameter of 45.87 µm ± 12.04 µm, the mean speed was 6.05 mm/s ± 1.96 mm/s. Intravisit variability, as measured by the mean coefficient of variation, was 3.57% (range 0.44–9.68%). Intervisit variability was 4.85% (range 0.15–8.43%). EMV may represent reliable method for determination of retinal blood speed, potentially allowing insights into the effects of pharmacologic agents or pathogenesis of ocular diseases.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Glycolysis in Patients with Malignant Neoplasms and Other Chronic Diseases

Blood ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. ULTMANN ◽  
GEORGE A. HYMAN ◽  
JANE L. HARVEY ◽  
ANTHONY R. DENTE
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glycolytic Rate

Abstract The rate of erythrocyte glycolysis of blood from normal volunteers was 12.0 mg.% glucose consumed/hr with 5 x 106 Rbc/cu.mm. The mean glycolytic rate of blood from tumor patients (14.5 mg.% glucose consumed/hr. with 5 x 106 Rbc/cu.mm.) and from patients with other chronic diseases (17.4 mg.% glucose consumed/hr. with 5 x 106 Rbc/cu.mm.) was found to be greater to a statistically significant degree than that of normals in the absence of reticulocytosis. This suggests that the red cell population of the patients with neoplastic and chronic diseases may be younger than that of normal subjects and that only some of the young cells have demonstrable reticulum.

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