Cardiac output during exercise and anaerobic metabolism in man

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Thomas ◽  
Buris Boshell ◽  
Carlos Gaos ◽  
T. J. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The concentration time course of lactate, pyruvate, and excess lactate during 4 min of exercise and 30 min of recovery was studied in 20 patients with heart disease and in 8 normal subjects. The level of excess lactate accrued from the exercise was found to correlate well with the level of delta oxygen consumption in normal subjects ( r = .922). The cardiac output of the subjects with heart disease was considered in relation to the regression of cardiac output on oxygen consumption for normal subjects previously established by Donald (Clin. Sci. 14: 37–73, 1955). The patients with subnormal cardiac outputs during exercise had higher excess lactate values and lactate/pyruvate ratios than normal subjects and patients with normal cardiac outputs at similar levels of work. Normal subjects carrying out more severe work showed even higher concentration of excess lactate than did the patients with heart disease at lower work levels. The increase in excess lactate was maximal during the 2nd min of submaximal exercise. The rate of increase was progressively diminished during succeeding minutes. Note: (With the Assistance of James Carr and Wayne Vaughan) lactate; pyruvate; excess lactate Submitted on December 10, 1963

Non-invasive Measurement of Cardiac Output and Ventricular Ejection Fractions in Chronic Cardiac Failure: Relationship to Impaired Exercise Tolerance

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Steele ◽  
ANN Moore ◽  
Anne-Marie Nugent ◽  
Marshall S. Riley ◽  
Norman P. S. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Chronic Cardiac Failure ◽  
And Control

1. The role of cardiac output limitation in the pathophysiology of exercise in patients with chronic failure remains undefined. During steady-state submaximal exercise, oxygen uptake is similar in patients and control subjects, but it is not known if cardiac output is also similar. We wished to determine if the reduced exercise tolerance of patients with chronic cardiac failure during such exercise is related to reduced cardiac output, or to peripheral factors. 2. Ten male patients with stable chronic failure and ten age-matched male normal controls were studied at rest and during exercise. Each subject performed a familiarization exercise test, a symptom-limited maximal exercise test and two submaximal exercise tests. Cardiac output was measured by a carbon dioxide rebreathing method. We also measured oxygen consumption, ventilation, Borg score of perceived exertion and venous lactate concentration, and ejection fractions. 3. As expected, patients had lower peak oxygen consumption [median (range) 1.18 (0.98–1.76) versus 1.935 (1.53–2.31) 1/min; P < 0.001], lower peak venous lactate concentration but a similar overall level of perceived exertion. At the same submaximal workload, patients and control subjects had similar oxygen consumption [0.67 (0.59–0.80) versus 0.62 (0.52–0.82) 1/min] and cardiac output [6.92 (5.79–9.76) versus 7.3 (5.99–10.38) 1/min] but the patients had a greater perceived level of exertion [Borg score: 4 (1–6) versus 3 (1–5); P < 0.005], higher venous lactate concentration [1.6 (1–3.3) versus 1.14 (0.7–1.7) mmol/l; P < 0.05] and higher heart rate [106 (89–135) versus 87 (69–112) beats/min;P < 0.005]. 4. During submaximal exercise at a similar absolute workload, patients with cardiac failure have a similar oxygen uptake and cardiac output but greater anaerobiosis and increased fatigue when compared with normal subjects. These findings appear to relate predominantly to changes that occur in the periphery rather than abnormalities of central cardiac function.

EFFECT OF BETA BLOCKADE ON SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE CARDIAC OUTPUT IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
R. H. Dressendorfer ◽  
L. Stellmach-Longo ◽  
S. Gordon ◽  
G. C. Timmis
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Beta Blockade

Cardiac Output, Oxygen Consumption and Renal Blood Flow in Essential Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. London ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
J. L. Bouthier ◽  
R. M. Gitelman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Oxygen Difference

1. Cardiac output, oxygen consumption, total blood volume and mean circulatory transit time were investigated at rest in men with sustained essential hypertension in comparison with normal subjects of the same age and sex. 2. In normal subjects and in patients with hypertension, oxygen consumption was positively correlated to cardiac output. In hypertensives, the slope of the curve was significantly shallower with an increase in arteriovenous oxygen difference. 3. Oxygen consumption in both populations was negatively correlated with mean circulatory transit time but not with total blood volume. 4. In normal subjects, mean circulatory transit time and arteriovenous oxygen difference were positively correlated. The correlation was not significant in hypertensive patients. 5. The study suggests important abnormalities in the transport and cost of energy in erythrocytes of patients with sustained essential hypertension.

Resting arteriovenous oxygen difference and exercise cardiac output

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Duke Thomas ◽  
Carlos Gaos ◽  
T. J. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Oxygen Difference

Measurements of the cardiac output utilizing the classical Fick method were carried out in 38 cardiac patients at rest and during exercise. The predicted cardiac output during exercise was calculated by the regression equation derived by Donald et al. ( Clin. Sci. 14: 37, 1955), relating cardiac output to oxygen consumption during the steady state of exercise in normal subjects (cardiac index = 3.708 + 0.00534 x O2 consumption, ml/min m2). The resting arteriovenous oxygen difference was found to correlate much better with the calculated percentage of predicted cardiac index during exercise (γ = 0.547) than did the resting cardiac index (γ = 0.304). The finding of an arteriovenous oxygen difference greater than 5.16 ml/100 cc indicated a strong probability of subnormal cardiac index during exercise relative to the oxygen consumption. Submitted on June 18, 1962

Observations on Cardiac Output and ”Pulmonary Blood Volume” in Normal Man by External Recording of the Intracardiac Flow of 131I Labelled Albumin

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
Jacques Lammerant ◽  
Norman Veall ◽  
Michel De Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Volume ◽  
Intracardiac Flow ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Mean Circulation

Summary1. The technique for the measurement of cardiac output by external recording of the intracardiac flow of 131I labelled human serum albumin has been extended to provide a measure of the mean circulation time from right to left heart and hence a new approach to the estimation of the pulmonary blood volume.2. Values for the basal cardiac output in normal subjects and its variations with age are in good agreement with the previously published data of other workers.3. The pulmonary blood volume in normal man in the basal state was found to be 28.2 ± 0.6% of the total blood volume.4. There was no correlation between cardiac output and pulmonary blood volume in a series of normal subjects in the basal state.5. The increase in cardiac output during digestion was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 6.3 ± 1.2% of the total blood volume, that is, about 280 ml.6. The increase in cardiac output during exercise was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 4.5 ± 1.0% of the total blood volume, that is, about 200 ml.7. The increase in cardiac output attributed to alarm is not associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume, the latter may in fact be increased.8. The total blood volume is advocated as a standard of reference for studies of this type in normal subjects in preference to body weight or surface area.9. The significance of these results and the validity of the method are discussed.

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