Effects of vasopressin administration on diuresis of water immersion in normal humans

Although previous studies have demonstrated that water immersion to the neck (NI) results in a significant diuresis, the mechanisms are incompletely delineated. Because recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that NI is associated with a suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it is possible that such a suppression mediates the encountered diuresis. The present study was undertaken to assess more directly the relative role of ADH suppression by determining the effects of vasopressin administration. Six hydrated normal subjects were studied on two occasions while undergoing 6 h of NI. During the second NI study, aqueous vasopressin (20 mU/h) was infused for the initial 4 h of study (NI + vasopressin). NI resulted in a significant increase in urinary flow rate beginning during hour 1 and persisting throughout NI. In contrast, during NI + vasopressin, the anticipated diuresis was abolished throughout the 4 h of vasopressin administration. Cessation of vasopressin administration during the final 2 h of NI + vasopressin resulted in a marked and prompt diuresis. The present observations are consistent with the formulation that ADH suppression participates importantly in mediating the diuresis of NI in hydrated normal subjects.

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The Vital Role of the Distal Urethral Segment in the Control of Urinary Flow Rate

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(17)62498-4 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 167-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Donald M. Gleason ◽

Manfred R. Bottaccini

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Vital Role ◽

Urinary Flow Rate ◽

Urinary Flow

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Dopamine blockade and natriuresis during water immersion in normal man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0700523 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 523-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. Coruzzi ◽

A. Biggi ◽

L. Musiari ◽

C. Ravanetti ◽

P. P. Vescovi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Antidiuretic Hormone ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Normal Man

1. Natriuresis was studied during water immersion in eight normal subjects either in the absence or in the presence of dopamine blockade by domperidone. 2. Creatinine clearance showed no significant changes; urine flow remained significantly above control values during water immersion, implying persistent suppression of antidiuretic hormone. 3. The marked natriuresis seen during water immersion alone was significantly blunted (P < 0.05) but not abolished during water immersion plus domperidone. 4. Suppression of the renin–aldosterone system by water immersion alone was not significantly different from that obtained during water immersion plus dopamine blockade. 5. On the contrary, plasma prolactin levels, previously suppressed during water immersion alone, were significantly stimulated during water immersion plus domperidone, thus indirectly suggesting a role of dopamine in mediating the blunted natriuresis seen during water immersion.

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Blunted hypertensive effect of combined fructose and high-salt diet in gene-targeted mice lacking functional serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00382.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 290 (4) ◽

pp. R935-R944 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Dan Yang Huang ◽

Krishna M. Boini ◽

Björn Friedrich ◽

Marco Metzger ◽

Lothar Just ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Control Diet ◽

High Salt ◽

Urinary Flow Rate ◽

Urinary Flow ◽

High Salt Intake

Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1) is transcriptionally upregulated by mineralocorticoids and activated by insulin. The kinase stimulates the renal epithelial Na+ channel and may thus participate in blood pressure regulation. Hyperinsulinemia is triggered by dietary fructose, which sensitizes blood pressure for salt intake. The role of SGK1 in hypertensive effects of combined fructose and high-salt intake was thus explored in SGK1 knockout mice ( sgk1−/−) and their wild-type littermates ( sgk1+/+). Renal SGK1 transcript levels of sgk1+/+ mice were significantly elevated after fructose diet. Under control diet, fluid intake, urinary flow rate, urinary Na+, K+, and Cl− excretion, and blood pressure were similar in sgk1−/− and sgk1+/+ mice. Addition of 10% fructose to drinking water increased fluid intake and urinary flow rate in both genotypes, and did not significantly alter urinary Na+, K+, and Cl− output in either genotype. Additional high NaCl diet (4% NaCl) did not significantly alter fluid intake and urine volume but markedly increased urinary output of Na+ and Cl−, approaching values significantly ( P < 0.05) larger in sgk1−/− than in sgk1+/+ mice (Na+: 2,572 ± 462 vs. 1,428 ± 236; Cl−: 2,364 ± 388 vs. 1,379 ± 225 μmol/24 h). Blood pressure was similar in sgk1+/+ and sgk1−/− mice at control diet or fructose alone but increased only in sgk1+/+ mice (115 ± 1 vs. 103 ± 0.7 mmHg, P < 0.05) after combined fructose and high-salt intake. Acute intravenous insulin infusion (during glucose clamp) caused antinatriuresis in sgk1+/+ mice, an effect significantly blunted in sgk1−/− mice. The observations reveal a pivotal role of SGK1 in insulin-mediated sodium retention and the salt-sensitizing hypertensive effect of high fructose intake.

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Vital role of the distal urethral segment in control of urinary flow rate

Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1016/0022-3468(69)90264-4 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

B.M. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Vital Role ◽

Urinary Flow Rate ◽

Urinary Flow

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Impact Of Transurethral Resection Of Prostate On International Prostate Symptom Score And Peak Urinary Flow Rate

Bangladesh Journal of Urology ◽

10.3329/bju.v16i1.45929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

Md Waliul Islam ◽

Md Abul Hossain ◽

Md Nurul Hooda ◽

Kazi Rafiqul Abedin ◽

Husne Ara

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Urine Volume ◽

T Test ◽

Urinary Symptoms ◽

Urinary Flow Rate ◽

Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽

Urinary Flow ◽

Paired Student ◽

The Impact

Objectives: To evaluate urinary symptoms and quality of life in patient with BPH before and after TURP. To determine the impact of TURP on the urinary symptoms (IPSS) and peak urinary flow rate. Methods: This study is prospective study carried out between 2010 and 2011 in the department of Urology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology. Total 102 cases were selected purposively according to selection criteria. Each patient was observed and followed up at 8 weeks (1st visit), 16 weeks (2nd visit) 24 weeks (3rd visit) after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). IPSS score, QOL score also recorded and uroflowmetry was done to see the peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) of urine and voiding time. USG was done to see post voidal residual urine volume and DRE also done in selected cases. Data was complied and statistical analysis were done using computer based software, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), using paired ‘t’ test. A P value <0.05 was taken as significance. Results: Before TURP, IPSS range 17-25 and mean 21.61+2.43, after TURP, range 0-7 and mean 4.27+1.71). Hence a significant improvement of IPSS was found from 2 months to 6 months follow up after TURP. The change was tested using “paired student ‘t’ test”. Before TURP Qmax range 7-12.2 and mean was 9.96+1.69, which became range 18-25 and mean was 22.61+2.28 after TURP and therefore change of mean Qmax was 12.64+2.69. The change was tested using “paired student ‘t’ test”. The change was found significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Transurethral resection of prostate resolves obstructive symptoms, rapid improvement of urinary flow rate Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan 2013 p.11-15

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Variability of Urinary Creatinine in Healthy Individuals

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3166

Author(s):

Gerd Sallsten ◽

Lars Barregard

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Excretion Rate ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Urinary Flow Rate ◽

Urinary Flow ◽

Diurnal Variability ◽

Creatinine Excretion ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Urinary Creatinine ◽

Creatinine Excretion Rate

Many urinary biomarkers are adjusted for dilution using creatinine or specific gravity. The aim was to evaluate the variability of creatinine excretion, in 24 h and spot samples, and to describe an openly available variability biobank. Urine and blood samples were collected from 60 healthy non-smoking adults, 29 men and 31 women. All urine was collected at six time points during two 24 h periods. Blood samples were also collected twice and stored frozen. Analyses of creatinine in urine was performed in fresh urine using an enzymatic method. For creatinine in urine, the intra-class correlation (ICC) was calculated for 24 h urine and spot samples. Diurnal variability was examined, as well as association with urinary flow rate. The creatinine excretion rate was lowest in overnight samples and relatively constant in the other five samples. The creatinine excretion rate in each individual was positively correlated with urinary flow rate. The creatinine concentration was highest in the overnight sample and at 09:30. For 24 h samples the ICC was 0.64, for overnight samples it was 0.5, and for all spot samples, it was much lower. The ICC for urinary creatinine depends on the time of day of sampling. Frozen samples from this variability biobank are open for researchers examining normal variability of their favorite biomarker(s).

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