Role of ciliary motility in acute allergic mucociliary dysfunction

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Maurer ◽  
M. Sielczak ◽  
W. Oliver ◽  
W. M. Abraham ◽  
A. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Conscious Sheep ◽  
Line P ◽  
Chemical Mediators

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if abnormal ciliary function contributes to allergic mucociliary dysfunction. In conscious sheep with Ascaris suum hypersensitivity, ciliated cells were obtained with a cytology brush and tracheal mucous velocity (TMV) was determined before and serially for 2 h following antigen inhalation. The recovered cells (also containing mast cells) were suspended in a chamber, and ciliary activity was viewed microscopically and recorded on videotape for subsequent slow-motion analysis of ciliary beat frequency (CBF). One hour after A. suum challenge mean CBF (+/- SE) showed a slight increase from a base-line value of 630 +/- 16 to 716 +/- 30 beats/min (P less than 0.05) when mean TMV was decreased to 57% of base line (P less than 0.05). After 2 h, both mean CBF and TMV returned toward base line. Since possible in vivo actions of chemical mediators liberated by antigen challenge may have been lost after suspension of the brushed cells, we also assessed the effects of antigen on CBF in vitro. A. suum caused a dose-dependent increase in CBF that was blocked by cromolyn sodium. We conclude that 1) allergic mucociliary dysfunction is not caused by a decrease in CBF and 2) antigen-induced release of chemical mediators increases CBF.

Stimulation of ciliary beat frequency by autonomic agonists: in vivo

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 971-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Wong ◽  
I. F. Miller ◽  
D. B. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Ciliary Beat

beta 2-Adrenergic bronchodilator and muscarinic cholinergic bronchoconstrictor agonists both stimulate ciliary activity in vitro. To test the hypothesis that increases in autonomic activity would result in increases in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in vivo, a correlation analysis heterodyne laser light-scattering system was developed and validated to measure the stimulating effects of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic agonists on tracheal CBF in intact, anesthetized beagles. The mean baseline CBF from 42 studies of 274 measurements in 9 (5 male and 4 female) adult beagles was 6.6 +/- 1.1 Hz. The stimulating effects of a beta 2-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, and a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, methacholine, on CBF were studied on four and eight beagles, respectively. The studies were randomized and blinded. Aerosolized 10(-5) M fenoterol stimulated the CBF from the base line of 6.8 +/- 2.5 to 32.0 +/- 17.9 Hz in four dogs. Aerosolized methacholine stimulated the CBF from the base line of 5.8 +/- 0.7 to 9.4 +/- 3.0 Hz for 10(-8) M, and to 12.6 +/- 3.1 Hz for 10(-6) M in eight dogs. These are the first data obtained in intact animals that demonstrate CBF in the lower respiratory tract is regulated by autonomic agonists.

Mucociliary interaction in vitro: effects of physiological and inflammatory stimuli

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. V. Seybold ◽  
A. T. Mariassy ◽  
D. Stroh ◽  
C. S. Kim ◽  
H. Gazeroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Surface Liquid

Mucociliary transport in the airways is governed by the interaction between ciliary activity and the depth and rheological properties of the liquids (mucus) covering the epithelial surface. A change in one of these parameters may not predict the direction and magnitude of a concomitant change in mucociliary transport. We therefore determined the effects of physiological (neurotransmitters) and pathological (inflammatory mediators) stimuli on ciliary beat frequency (CBF), surface liquid velocity (SLV), surface liquid depth (SLD), and viscoelasticity of mucus in pieces of sheep trachea (n = 5 for each treatment) mounted in a chamber such that the submucosal side was bathed with Krebs-Henseleit perfusate (KH) and the luminal side was exposed to conditioned air. SLV, SLD, and CBF were measured with a microscope provided with an electronic micrometer and strobe light. Apparent viscosity and shear elastic modulus were measured with a microcapillary method using mucus collected at the downstream end of the preparation. Control CBF, SLV, and SLD were 11.6 +/- 0.4 (SE) Hz, 91 +/- 8 micron/s, and 33 +/- 5 microns, respectively, at base line and did not change during KH perfusion for 100 min. Perfusion with both acetylcholine and epinephrine (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) produced concentration-dependent increases in mean CBF (maximum increases at 10(-3) M of 16 and 9%, P less than 0.05), whereas only acetylcholine increased mean SLV (+56% at 10(-3) M, P less than 0.05). Perfusion with platelet-activating factor (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) decreased both mean CBF and SLV in a dose-dependent fashion (-6 and -63% at 10(-5) M, P less than 0.05), whereas antigen perfusion (1:60 dilution) increased mean CBF (+10%, P less than 0.05) but decreased SLV (-47%, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ciliary responsiveness in allergic and nonallergic airways

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1967-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wanner ◽  
M. Sielczak ◽  
J. F. Mella ◽  
W. M. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Cutaneous Reaction ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Leukotriene D4 ◽  
Tracheal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Leukotriene Antagonist ◽  
Chemical Mediators

Allergic asthma is associated with airway (smooth muscle) hyperresponsiveness to several chemical mediators of anaphylaxis; however, it is not known whether this is accompanied by mucociliary hyperresponsiveness. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine if airway ciliary activity, a component function of mucociliary clearance, exhibits exaggerated responses to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) in allergic sheep when compared with nonallergic sheep, and the effects of LTD4 are direct or involve the generation of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured in a perfusion chamber with a microscopic technique using tracheal epithelial cells obtained from brushing of “allergic” (positive cutaneous reaction and previous bronchospastic response to inhaled specific antigen) and “nonallergic” (negative cutaneous reaction, no previous inhalation challenge with antigen) sheep. Mean base-line CBF was not different among the groups; PGE1, PGE2, and LTD4 induced dose-dependent increases in CBF, and these increases were not different in allergic and nonallergic sheep. At the highest agonist concentration the mean increase in CBF from base line varied between 13 and 16% (P less than 0.05). The ciliostimulatory effect of LTD4 was significantly blunted by both the sulfidopeptide leukotriene antagonist FPL-55712 and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. These results suggest that allergic sheep fail to exhibit ciliary hyperresponsiveness to selected chemical mediators of anaphylaxis and the ciliostimulatory effect of LTD4 depends on the activation of cyclooxygenase and possibly the generation of prostaglandins.

Substance P and Ciliary Beat of Human Upper Respiratory Cilia in Vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Schuil ◽  
Maartje Ten Berge ◽  
Kees Graamans ◽  
José M. E. Van Gelder ◽  
Egbert H. Huizing
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Ciliary Beat

On stimulation of trigeminal nerve endings, neuropeptides are released into the nasal mucosa. Among these neuropeptides is substance P (SP). In this study, we determined the effect in vitro of SP, as well as SP together with thiorphan, a blocker of the SP-degrading enzyme neutral endopeptidase, on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of the human upper respiratory tract. Ciliated epithelium of human adenoid tissue was used in the experiments. The CBF was measured by means of a computer-assisted photoelectric method. Substance P (10−8 to 10−5 mol/L, n = 7) showed a small but statistically significant dose-dependent decrease in CBF. On perfusion with SP (10−8 to 10−5 mol/L, n = 8) in combination with thiorphan, no statistically significant effect was found. We conclude that SP does not have a direct effect on ciliary activity to such an extent that it will affect mucociliary transport in vivo.

scholarly journals Differential effect of anesthetics on mucociliary clearance in vivo in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle S. Feldman ◽  
Eunwon Kim ◽  
Michael J. Czachowski ◽  
Yijen Wu ◽  
Cecilia W. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sulfur Colloid ◽  
Ct System

AbstractRespiratory mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a key defense mechanism that functions to entrap and transport inhaled pollutants, particulates, and pathogens away from the lungs. Previous work has identified a number of anesthetics to have cilia depressive effects in vitro. Wild-type C57BL/6 J mice received intra-tracheal installation of 99mTc-Sulfur colloid, and were imaged using a dual-modality SPECT/CT system at 0 and 6 h to measure baseline MCC (n = 8). Mice were challenged for one hour with inhalational 1.5% isoflurane, or intraperitoneal ketamine (100 mg/kg)/xylazine (20 mg/kg), ketamine (0.5 mg/kg)/dexmedetomidine (50 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg)/1.5% isoflurane, propofol (120 mg/Kg), or fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg/2.5 mg/kg/0.25 mg/kg) prior to MCC assessment. The baseline MCC was 6.4%, and was significantly reduced to 3.7% (p = 0.04) and 3.0% (p = 0.01) by ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine challenge respectively. Importantly, combinations of drugs containing fentanyl, and propofol in isolation did not significantly depress MCC. Although no change in cilia length or percent ciliation was expected, we tried to correlate ex-vivo tracheal cilia ciliary beat frequency and cilia-generated flow velocities with MCC and found no correlation. Our results indicate that anesthetics containing ketamine (ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine) significantly depress MCC, while combinations containing fentanyl (fentanyl/isoflurane, fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine) and propofol do not. Our method for assessing MCC is reproducible and has utility for studying the effects of other drug combinations.

Effects of ethanol on in vitro ciliary motility

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1617-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Maurer ◽  
J. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Ciliary Motility ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Consumption of ethanol can impair lung function and slow total lung clearance. High concentrations of ethanol have been shown to slow or arrest ciliary beating. This study examined the effects of concentrations of alcohol comparable to blood levels achieved from social drinking on ciliary beat frequency. We obtained ciliated cells by brushing the trachea of unanesthetized sheep during fiber-optic bronchoscopy. The cells were suspended in a perfusion chamber and physiological conditions were maintained in vitro. Ciliary beat frequency and synchrony were determined by slow-motion analysis of video images obtained by interference contrast microscopy. Metachronal ciliary coordination was observed in all preparations. The ciliary beat frequency was stimulated at ethanol concentrations from 0.01 up to but not including 0.1%, unchanged at 0.5 and 1%, and slowed at 2%. While confirming inhibition of ciliary motility at very high ethanol levels, we observed no acute impairment of ciliary function at ethanol concentrations comparable to those achieved from social drinking. Indeed, we found an unexpected stimulation of ciliary beating at low levels of ethanol. How this alteration in ciliary beating would affect pulmonary clearance remains unknown at this time.

scholarly journals Bovine sperm-oviduct interactions are characterized by specific sperm behaviour, ultrastructure and tubal reactions which are impacted by sex sorting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Camara Pirez ◽  
Heather Steele ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
Sabine Kölle
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Sperm Binding ◽  
Tail Movement ◽  
Bovine Spermatozoa ◽  
Sperm Reservoir ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract To date sperm-oviduct interactions have largely been investigated under in vitro conditions. Therefore we set out to characterize the behaviour of bovine spermatozoa within the sperm reservoir under near in vivo conditions and in real-time using a novel live cell imaging technology and a newly established fluorescent sperm binding assay. Sperm structure and tubal reactions after sperm binding were analysed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. As a model to specify the impact of stress on sperm-oviduct interactions, frozen-thawed conventional and sex-sorted spermatozoa from the same bulls (n = 7) were co-incubated with oviducts obtained from cows immediately after slaughter. Our studies revealed that within the oviductal sperm reservoir agile (bound at a tangential angle of about 30°, actively beating undulating tail), lagging (bound at a lower angle, reduced tail movement), immotile (absence of tail movement) and hyperactivated (whip-like movement of tail) spermatozoa occur, the prevalence of which changes in a time-dependent pattern. After formation of the sperm reservoir, tubal ciliary beat frequency is significantly increased (p = 0.022) and the epithelial cells show increased activity of endoplasmic reticula. After sex sorting, spermatozoa occasionally display abnormal movement patterns characterized by a 360° rotating head and tail. Sperm binding in the oviduct is significantly reduced (p = 0.008) following sexing. Sex-sorted spermatozoa reveal deformations in the head, sharp bends in the tail and a significantly increased prevalence of damaged mitochondria (p < 0.001). Our results imply that the oviductal cells specifically react to the binding of spermatozoa, maintaining sperm survival within the tubal reservoir. The sex-sorting process, which is associated with mechanical, chemical and time stress, impacts sperm binding to the oviduct and mitochondrial integrity affecting sperm motility and function.

Effect of pH, Viscosity and Ionic-Strength Changes on Ciliary Beating Frequency of Human Bronchial Explants

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ka Luk ◽  
Mauricio J. Dulfano
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Beating Frequency

1. Ciliary activity is significantly influenced by chemical and physical properties of the liquid medium in which the cilia beat. 2. We studied the effect of changes in pH, ionic strength and viscosity on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of explants of human respiratory mucosa. 3. Optimal CBF was elicited at pH 7.0-9.0, with a marked reduction of CBF outside these limits. The CBF was well preserved at NaCl concentrations between 5 g/l (80 mmol/l) and 12 g/l (200 mmol/l), but there was rapid loss at concentrations below 0.5 gA (10 mmol/l). The cilia beat best at viscosities below 1.0 centipoises (1 mN s m−2). Increase of the viscosity gradually decreases CBF with a significant drop at viscosities above 87 millipoises. 4. It is concluded that the above limits may fairly accurately indicate the actual physical characteristics of the periciliary environment (‘sol layer’) in vivo.

Effects of Nitric Oxide on Blood Flow and Mucociliary Activity in the Human Nose

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Runer ◽  
Sven Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Human Nose

In an animal model, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to increase mucociliary activity in vivo and ciliary beat frequency in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of NO on blood flow and mucociliary activity in the human nose. The concentration of NO in nasal air was measured with a chemiluminescence technique after nebulizing the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at a dose of 3.0 mg into the nose in six volunteers, and was found to increase by 50.1% ± 10.0% (mean ± SEM; p <.001) after the SNP challenge. Blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry increased by 67.3% ± 15.5% (p <.05) after challenge with SNP at 1.0 mg, and by 75.4% ± 18.5% at 3.0 mg (p <.01; n = 6). The higher dose, which produced no subjective side effects, was then used in the mucociliary experiments. The maximum increase in nasal mucociliary activity was 57.2% ± 6.7% at 3.0 mg of SNP (n = 5). The findings support the view that NO regulates mucociliary activity and blood flow in the human nasal mucosa.

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