Relationships among airway reactivity, pupillary alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic responsiveness, and age

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Davis ◽  
P. J. Byard
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Pupillary Reactivity

Healthy adult volunteers (n = 122), who denied personal history of lung disease or family history of cystic fibrosis or asthma, took no interfering medications, and had forced expiratory volume in 1 s greater than or equal to 80% predicted, underwent methacholine challenge and pupillary reactivity testing. Pupil diameter measured in dark and light test conditions declined with age (Pearson's r = -0.54 and -0.36). Pupillary alpha-adrenergic responsiveness (expressed as the concentration of phenylephrine required to dilate the pupil 1 mm) was significantly correlated with age. Older subjects required lower concentrations for dilation and therefore were more sensitive to phenylephrine. Pupillary cholinergic responsiveness (the concentration of carbachol required for 1-mm constriction) was not significantly correlated with age. Therefore the significantly smaller baseline pupil size in the elderly cannot be explained by failure of alpha-adrenergic receptor responses or by increased pupillary cholinergic responsiveness. We found no significant correlation of methacholine bronchial reactivity with age. In addition, there was no relation between airway reactivity and pupillary alpha-adrenergic or cholinergic responsiveness in this sample of healthy adults. These findings, taken with others in the literature, suggest that the contribution of alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic responsiveness to nonspecific airway reactivity in healthy persons is small, if it exists at all, and that there is no significant change in airway reactivity with age in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Daptomycin in Combination with Rifampin in Healthy Adult Volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Benefield ◽  
E. Susan Slechta ◽  
Christopher M. Gast ◽  
Emily S. Spivak ◽  
Kimberly E. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Interaction Potential ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Adult Volunteers

ABSTRACT We evaluated the effects of rifampin coadministration and MDR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms on the disposition of daptomycin in twelve healthy adults. There were no significant changes from baseline in the clearance (0.53 versus 0.55 liters/h, P = 1.00), volume of distribution (7.0 versus 7.2 liter, P = 0.62), or half-life (9.7 versus 9.6 h, P = 0.89) of daptomycin after exposure to rifampin. The tested MDR1 polymorphisms were not associated with significant differences in daptomycin disposition.

Abnormal dose-response melatonin suppression by light in bipolar type I patients compared with healthy adult subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen T. Hallam ◽  
Denovan P. Begg ◽  
James S. Olver ◽  
Trevor R. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Melatonin Suppression ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Objective:Among potential endophenotypes proposed for bipolar affective disorder focusing on circadian abnormalities associated with the illness has particularly high face validity. Melatonin sensitivity to light is one circadian endophenotype proposed as useful in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate melatonin sensitivity to light over a range of light intensities in order to compare and contrast responses in bipolar I patients with those of healthy adult volunteers.Methods:The study included seven patients (4 females, 3 males) with bipolar I disorder and 34 control participants (22 females, 12 males) with no personal or family history of affective illness. Melatonin sensitivity to light was determined in all patients and participants across a range of light intensities (0, 200, 500 and 1000 lux).Results:The results indicated that patients showed melatonin super-sensitivity to light in comparison with controls, a response that was consistent across the entire light intensity range investigated.Conclusion:The study provides further evidence for a super sensitive response in bipolar I patients and suggests that its potential usefulness as an endophenotypic marker of the illness is deserving of further research.

scholarly journals Ocular effects of acute ingestion of Cola nitida(Linn) on healthy adult volunteers

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Igwe ◽  
D. N. Akunyili ◽  
E. U. Ikonne
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Near Work ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Cola Nitida

Cola nitida Linn (Sterculiaceae) is an economic plant widely distributed throughout West Africa and possibly other parts of Africa.Members are malvalves because of their lobular nature. Because of its ubiquity, the plant plays an important role in commerce, and in social activities where it is casually eaten without prescription or restriction. The ethnopharmacological effects of bolus ingestion of 30g of Cola nitida was investigated on visually acute and healthy volunteers in order to determine its ocular implications or effects. Results showed that Cola nitida had no effecton the pupil diameter, visual acuity and intraocular pressure but improved the near point of convergence by 43% and increased the amplitude of accommodation by 11% while existing heterophorias are ameliorated. The stimulating effect of Cola nitida might overcome asthenopic symptoms with convergence insufficiency and allows near work to be donewithout stress. Somnolence and ocular muscle imbalance common features of the elderly canbe ameliorated or relieved.

Transcutaneous and capillary pCO2 and pO2 measurements in healthy adults.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1471-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Wimberley ◽  
K G Pedersen ◽  
J Thode ◽  
N Fogh-Andersen ◽  
A M Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Tensions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Co2 Electrode

Abstract Transcutaneous carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions (tc-pCO2 and tc-pO2) were measured in seven healthy adult volunteers during hyperventilation in atmospheric air and during CO2 inhalation. Three skin sensors were applied to each subject: an O2 electrode, a CO2 electrode, and a combined O2-CO2 electrode, each heated to 44 degrees C. We observed close correlation between tc-pCO2 and capillary-pCO2, the relation being close to that calculated from the anaerobic temperature coefficient of pCO2 in blood. For O2, on the other hand, the relationship between transcutaneous and capillary values appeared more complex. Electrode drift during in-vivo monitoring was greater for pCO2 (up to 12%) than for pO2 (up to 7%), but generally we observed no differences in drift between the combined and the single electrodes. We conclude that tc-pCO2 measured with a single or a combined electrode reliably predicts capillary-pCO2 in healthy adults and that changes are rapidly observed. Our conclusions regarding tc-pO2 values are less definite because of uncertain interpretation of the capillary-pO2 values.

Effects of 12 sessions of steam bath intervention on spirometry parameters among healthy adult volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pandiaraja ◽  
A. Vanitha ◽  
K. Maheshkumar ◽  
N. Manavalan ◽  
V. Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Steam Bath ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Objectives Steam bath is extensively used around the world. However, its physiological influence is not understood in detail. Objective of the current study is to examine the effects of 12 sessions of steam bath on spirometric parameters among healthy participants. Methods Forty healthy adult volunteers of both sex (14 male and 26 female) aged 26.38 ± 8 years participated in the study. A steam bath session (10–15 min) was given once a week for 12 weeks. The spirometric parameters [forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1, L), forced vital capacity (FVC, L), FEV1/FVC ratio (absolute value), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF, L/s) and peak expiratory flow (PEF, L/s)] were measured by Helios 401 spirometer. Results Compared to baseline, post-intervention spirometric parameters showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the FVC (82.40 ± 11.24 to 96.91 ± 18.76), FEV1 (86.13 ± 14.39 to 91.17 ± 12.48), FEV1/FVC ratio (86.96 ± 3.64 to 93.75 ± 4.80), MMEF 25–75% (86.96 ± 3.64 to 94.16 ± 11.57), peak expiratory flow rate (79.82 ± 14.90 to 92.18 ± 18.96). Conclusions Taking steam bath improves the spirometric parameters of healthy adult participants. However, future randomized controlled trials with on a large scale have to done to validate our findings.

Interleukin 10-induced thrombocytopenia in normal healthy adult volunteers: evidence for decreased platelet production

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Sosman ◽  
Amit Verma ◽  
Steven Moss ◽  
Patricia Sorokin ◽  
Michael Blend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Platelet Production ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Effects of a Group Program to Increase Cognitive Performance Through Cognitively Stimulating Leisure Activities in Healthy Older Subjects

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Tesky ◽  
Christian Thiel ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
Johannes Pantel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Older Subjects

To investigate the effects of leisure activities on cognitive performance of healthy older subjects, an innovative intervention program was developed. Frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities (i.e., reading, playing chess, or playing music) is associated with reduced risk of dementia. AKTIVA (active cognitive stimulation – prevention in the elderly) is an intervention program designed to enhance cognitive stimulation in everyday life by increasing cognitive stimulating leisure activities. The present study determines the effects of AKTIVA on cognitive function, mood and attitude toward aging in a sample of older participants from the general population. Several measurement instruments were used including the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), the Trail-Making Test (TMT), and the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q). Initially, the sample consisted of 307 older persons (170 female, 72 ± 7 years). The intervention was evaluated with a randomized, controlled pre-post follow-up design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: AKTIVA intervention (n = 126), AKTIVA intervention plus nutrition and exercise counseling (n = 84), no-intervention control group (n = 97). The AKTIVA intervention consisted of 8 weekly sessions and two booster sessions after a break of 4 months. Participation in the group program resulted in positive effects on cognitive function and attitude toward aging for subassembly groups. Older persons (≥ 75 years) showed enhanced speed of information processing (by TMT Version A) (F = 4.17*, p < .05); younger participants (< 75 years) showed an improvement in subjective memory decline (by MAC-Q) (F = 2.55*, p < .05). Additionally, AKTIVA enhanced the frequency of activities for leisure activities for subassembly groups. The results of this study suggest that the AKTIVA program can be used to increase cognitively stimulating leisure activities in the elderly. Further research is necessary to identify the long-term effects of this intervention particularly with respect to the prevention of dementia.

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