Relationship between respiratory muscle function and age, sex, and other factors

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. Chen ◽  
C. S. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Function

To investigate the effects of gender and age on respiratory muscle function, 160 healthy volunteers (80 males, 80 females) were divided into four age groups. Twenty-eight of the male subjects were smokers. After the subjects were familiarized with the experimental procedure, respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, and spirometric function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, tidal volume, breathing rate, and duty cycle, were measured. The respiratory muscle strength was indicated by the maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImmax and PEmmax). Inspiratory muscle endurance was determined by the time the subject was able to sustain breathing against an inspiratory pressure load on a modified Nickerson-Keens device. The results showed that 1) except for inspiratory muscle endurance and FEV1/FVC, men had greater respiratory muscle and pulmonary functions than women, 2) respiratory muscle function and pulmonary function decreased with age, 3) smoking tended to lower duty cycle and FEV1/FVC and to enhance PE,mmax, and 4) inspiratory muscle endurance was greater in men who were physically active than in those who were sedentary. Therefore we conclude that there are sexual and age differences in respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function and that smoking or physical activity may affect respiratory muscle function.

Impairment of respiratory muscle function in pulmonary hypertension

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Kabitz ◽  
Anja Schwoerer ◽  
Hinrich-Cordt Bremer ◽  
Florian Sonntag ◽  
Stephan Walterspacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
World Health ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Function ◽  
Health Organization

It has been suggested that impaired respiratory muscle function occurs in patients with PH (pulmonary hypertension); however, comprehensive investigations of respiratory muscle function, including the application of non-volitional tests, needed to verify impairment of respiratory muscle strength in patients with PH have not yet been performed. In the present study, respiratory muscle function was assessed in 31 patients with PH (20 females and 11 males; mean pulmonary artery pressure, 51±20 mmHg; median World Health Organization class 3.0±0.5; 25 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and six patients with chronic thromboembolic PH) and in 31 control subjects (20 females and 11 males) well-matched for gender, age and BMI (body mass index). A 6-min walking test was performed to determine exercise capacity. Volitionally assessed maximal inspiratory (7.5±2.1 compared with 6.2±2.8 kPa; P=0.04) and expiratory (13.3±4.2 compared with 9.9±3.4 kPa; P<0.001) mouth pressures, sniff nasal (8.3±1.9 compared with 6.6±2.2 kPa; P=0.002) and transdiaphragmatic (11.3±2.5 compared with 8.7±2.5 kPa; P<0.001) pressures, non-volitionally assessed twitch mouth (1.46±0.43 compared with 0.97±0.41 kPa; P<0.001) and transdiaphragmatic (2.08±0.55 compared with 1.47±0.72 kPa; P=0.001) pressures during bilateral anterior magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation were markedly lower in patients with PH compared with control subjects. Maximal inspiratory mouth (r=0.58, P<0.001) and sniff transdiaphragmatic (r=0.43, P=0.02) pressures were correlated with the 6-min walking distance in patients with PH. In conclusion, the present study provides strong evidence that respiratory muscle strength is reduced in patients with PH compared with well-matched control subjects. Furthermore, the 6-min walking distance is significantly linked to parameters assessing inspiratory muscle strength.

scholarly journals The Effect of Habitual Exercise on Respiratory-Muscle Function in Older Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Watsford ◽  
Aron J. Murphy ◽  
Matthew J. Pine ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Function ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Older adults’ participation in habitual exercise might be affected by alterations to respiratory mechanics such as decreased respiratory-muscle strength. This reduction can cause a decrease in efficiency of the ventilatory pump, potentially compromising exercise participation. This research examined the role of habitual exercise in respiratory-muscle function and the associated implications for exercise performance. Seventy-two healthy older adults (36 men, 64.9 ± 8.6 years, 177.2 ± 8.4 cm, 82.5 ± 11.9 kg; 36 women, 64.9 ± 9.5 years, 161.7 ± 6.4 cm, 61.6 ± 9.2 kg) undertook respiratory-function and walking-performance tests. Active men and women achieved higher scores than their inactive counterparts for all tests except spirometry, where no differences were evident. The results indicate that a significant amount of the elevated fitness level might be accounted for by increased endurance capacity of the inspiratory muscles. Inactive older individuals might be at risk for inadequate respiratory-muscle strength, so interventions should be considered.

Effects of inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melih Zeren ◽  
Rengin Demir ◽  
Zerrin Yigit ◽  
Hulya N Gurses
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Training

Objective: To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation. Design: Prospective randomized controlled single-blind study. Setting: Cardiology department of a university hospital. Subjects: A total of 38 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation were randomly allocated to either a treatment group ( n = 19; age 66.2 years (8.8)) or a control group ( n = 19; age 67.1 years (6.4)). Methods: The training group received inspiratory muscle training at 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure for 15 minutes twice a day, 7 days a week, for 12 weeks alongside the standard medical treatment. The control group received standard medical treatment only. Spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures and 6-minute walking distance was measured at the beginning and end of the study. Results: There was a significant increase in maximal inspiratory pressure (27.94 cmH2O (8.90)), maximal expiratory pressure (24.53 cmH2O (10.34)), forced vital capacity (10.29% (8.18) predicted), forced expiratory volume in one second (13.88% (13.42) predicted), forced expiratory flow 25%–75% (14.82% (12.44) predicted), peak expiratory flow (19.82% (15.62) predicted) and 6-minute walking distance (55.53 m (14.13)) in the training group ( p < 0.01). No significant changes occurred in the control group ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training can improve pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Inspiratory critical pressure - new methodology for evaluating and training the inspiratory musculature for recreational cyclists: study protocol for a randomized control trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rehder-Santos ◽  
Vinicius Minatel ◽  
Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos ◽  
Étore De Favari Signini ◽  
Raphael Martins de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength

Abstract Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has brought great benefits in terms of improving physical performance in healthy individuals. However, there is no consensus regarding the best training load being in most cases the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) is used, mainly the intensity of 60% of MIP. So, the prescription of an IMT protocol that considers respiratory muscle strength and endurance may bring additional benefits to commonly used protocols, since the respiratory muscles that differ from other muscles because of their greater muscular resistance. Thus, IMT using inspiratory critical pressure (PThC) can be an alternative as the calculation of PThC considers these characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a new IMT protocol to determine the best training load for recreational cyclists. Methods: Thirty recreational cyclists (between 20-40 years) will be randomized into the SHAM Group (SG), the PThC Group (PCG) and the 60% of MIP Group (60G), according to age and aerobic functional capacity. All participants will undergo the following evaluations: pulmonary function test (PFT), respiratory muscle strength test (RMS), cardiopulmonary test (CPET), incremental respiratory muscle endurance test (iRME) [maximal sustained respiratory pressure for 1 minute (PThMAX)] and constant load test (CLT) (95%, 100% and 105% of PThMÁX) using a linear load inspiratory resistor (PowerBreathe K5). The PThC will be calculated from the inspiratory muscle endurance time (TLIM) and inspiratory loads of each CLT. The IMT will last 11 weeks (3 times/week and 1 hour/session). The session will consist of 5-minute warm-ups (50% of the training load) and 3 sets of 15-minute breaths (100% of the training load), with a 1-minute interval between them. RMS, iRME, CLT and CPET will be performed beforehand, at week 3 and 7 (to adjust the training load) and after training. PFT will be performed before and after training. The data will be analyzed using specific statistical tests (parametric or non-parametric) according to the data distribution and their respective variances. The p <0.05 will be established. Discussions: It is expected that the results of this study will enable the training performed with PThC to be used by health professionals as a new tool to evaluate and prescribe IMT. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrial.gov, ID Number NCT02984189. Registered on December 6, 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02984189. Keywords: Physical Exercise, Physiotherapy, Physical Performance, Critical Power, Respiratory Muscle

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
Fiona Verdine Dsouza ◽  
Sampath Kumar Amaravadi ◽  
Stephen Rajan Samuel ◽  
Harish Raghavan ◽  
Nagaraja Ravishankar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Training

To determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (RMS), and functional capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included in this review. Meta-analysis performed using a random-effects model showed that the mean difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 6-minute walk distance, and RMS was 3.47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 6.36), 5.80% (95% CI, 2.03 to 9.56), 78.05 m (95% CI, 60.92 to 95.18), and 4.8 cmH2O (95% CI, -4.00 to 13.4), respectively. There is strong evidence that IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity, and reduces the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

scholarly journals Decrease in pulmonary function and oxygenation after lung resection

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 00055-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cristina Brocki ◽  
Elisabeth Westerdahl ◽  
Daniel Langer ◽  
Domingos S.R. Souza ◽  
Jan Jesper Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Lung Cancer Surgery ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Curative Intent

Respiratory deficits are common following curative intent lung cancer surgery and may reduce the patient's ability to be physically active. We evaluated the influence of surgery on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and physical performance after lung resection.Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressure) and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were assessed pre-operatively, 2 weeks post-operatively and 6 months post-operatively in 80 patients (age 68±9 years).Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 58% of cases. Two weeks post-operatively, we found a significant decline in pulmonary function (forced vital capacity −0.6±0.6 L and forced expiratory volume in 1 s −0.43±0.4 L; both p<0.0001), 6MWT (−37.6±74.8 m; p<0.0001) and oxygenation (−2.9±4.7 units; p<0.001), while maximal inspiratory and maximal expiratory pressure were unaffected. At 6 months post-operatively, pulmonary function and oxygenation remained significantly decreased (p<0.001), whereas 6MWT was recovered.We conclude that lung resection has a significant short- and long-term impact on pulmonary function and oxygenation, but not on respiratory muscle strength. Future research should focus on mechanisms negatively influencing post-operative pulmonary function other than impaired respiratory muscle strength.

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Improves Respiratory Muscle Function and Functional Capacity in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4328
Author(s):  
Francisco José Ferrer-Sargues ◽  
Esteban Peiró-Molina ◽  
Pablo Salvador-Coloma ◽  
José Ignacio Carrasco Moreno ◽  
Ana Cano-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Function

Critical surgical and medical advances have shifted the focus of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients from survival to achievement of a greater health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL is influenced, amongst other factors, by aerobic capacity and respiratory muscle strength, both of which are reduced in CHD patients. This study evaluates the influence of a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (CPRP) on respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity. Fifteen CHD patients, ages 12 to 16, with reduced aerobic capacity in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were enrolled in a CPRP involving strength and aerobic training for three months. Measurements for comparison were obtained at the start, end, and six months after the CPRP. A significant improvement of inspiratory muscle strength was evidenced (maximum inspiratory pressure 21 cm H2O, 23%, p < 0.01). The six-minute walking test showed a statistically and clinically significant rise in walked distance (48 m, p < 0.01) and a reduction in muscle fatigue (1.7 out of 10 points, p = 0.017). These results suggest CPRP could potentially improve respiratory muscle function and functional capacity, with lasting results, in children with congenital heart disease, but additional clinical trials must be conducted to confirm this finding.

scholarly journals Critical inspiratory pressure - new methodology for evaluating and training the inspiratory musculature for recreational cyclists: study protocol for a randomized control trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rehder-Santos ◽  
Vinicius Minatel ◽  
Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos ◽  
Étore De Favari Signini ◽  
Raphael Martins de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength

Abstract Background: Inspiratory muscle training(IMT) has brought great benefits to improving physical performance in healthy individuals. However, there is no consensus regarding the best training load as in most cases the maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP) has been used, whereby 60% of MIP is the most used. Therefore, the prescription of an IMT protocol that takes into account respiratory muscle strength and endurance may bring additional benefits to the commonly used protocols as respiratory muscles differ from other muscles because of their greater muscular resistance. Thus, IMT using inspiratory critical pressure(PThC) appears as an alternative since the calculation of PThC considers these characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a new IMT protocol to determine the best training load for recreational cyclists. Methods: Thirty recreational cyclists(between 20-40 years) will be randomized to the SHAM Group(SG), the PThC Group(PCG) and the 60% of MIP Group(60G), taking into account age and aerobic functional capacity. All participants will undergo the following evaluations: pulmonary function test(PFT), respiratory muscle strength test(RMS), cardiopulmonary test(CPET), incremental respiratory muscle endurance test(iRME) [maximum sustained respiratory pressure for 1 minute(PThMAX)] and constant load test(CLT) (95%, 100% and 105% of PThMÁX) using a linear load inspiratory resistor(PowerBreathe K5). The PThC will be calculated from the inspiratory muscle endurance time(TLIM) and inspiratory loads of each CLT. The IMT will last 11 weeks(3 times/week and 1 hour/session). The session will consist of 5-minute warm-ups(50% of the training load) and 3 sets of 15-minute breaths (100% of the training load), with a 1 minute interval between them. RMS, iRME, CLT and CPET will be performed before, at week 3 and 7(to adjust the training load) and after training. PFT will be performed before and after training. The data will be analyzed by specific statistical tests (parametric or non-parametric) according to the data distribution and their respective variances. The p <0.05 will be established. Conclusions: It is expected that the results of this study will enable the training performed with PThC to be used by health professionals as a new tool to evaluate and prescribe IMT. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrial.gov, ID Number NCT02984189. Registered in December 6, 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02984189.

scholarly journals Extrapulmonary features of bronchiectasis: muscle function, exercise capacity, fatigue, and health status

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozge Ozalp ◽  
Deniz Inal-Ince ◽  
Ebru Calik ◽  
Naciye Vardar-Yagli ◽  
Melda Saglam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
6Mwt Distance

Background: There are limited number of studies investigating extrapulmonary manifestations of bronchiectasis. The purpose of this study was to compare peripheral muscle function, exercise capacity, fatigue, and health status between patients with bronchiectasis and healthy subjects in order to provide documented differences in these characteristics for individuals with and without bronchiectasis. Methods: Twenty patients with bronchiectasis (43.5 ± 14.1 years) and 20 healthy subjects (43.0 ± 10.9 years) participated in the study. Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (maximal expiratory pressure – MIP - and maximal expiratory pressure - MEP), and dyspnea perception using the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MMRC) were determined. A six-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed. Quadriceps muscle, shoulder abductor, and hand grip strength (QMS, SAS, and HGS, respectively) using a hand held dynamometer and peripheral muscle endurance by a squat test were measured. Fatigue perception and health status were determined using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), respectively. Results: Number of squats, 6MWT distance, and LCQ scores as well as lung function testing values and respiratory muscle strength were significantly lower and MMRC and FSS scores were significantly higher in patients with bronchiectasis than those of healthy subjects (p<0.05). In bronchiectasis patients, QMS was significantly associated with HGS, MIP and MEP (p<0.05). The 6MWT distance was significantly correlated to LCQ psychological score (p<0.05). The FSS score was significantly associated with LCQ physical and total and MMRC scores (p<0.05). The LCQ psychological score was significantly associated with MEP and 6MWT distance (p<0.05). Conclusions: Peripheral muscle endurance, exercise capacity, fatigue and health status were adversely affected by the presence of bronchiectasis. Fatigue was associated with dyspnea and health status. Respiratory muscle strength was related to peripheral muscle strength and health status, but not to fatigue, peripheral muscle endurance or exercise capacity. These findings may provide insight for outcome measures for pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with bronchiectasis.

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