Enzyme activities of FT and ST muscle fibers in heavy-resistance trained athletes

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tesch ◽  
A. Thorsson ◽  
B. Essen-Gustavsson
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fiber Area ◽  
Freeze Dried

Tissue samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of elite olympic weight and power lifters (OL/PL, n = 6), bodybuilders (BB, n = 7), and sedentary men (n = 7). Enzyme activities of citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), 3-OH-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD), and myokinase (MK) were assayed on freeze-dried dissected pools of slow-twitch (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) fiber fragments by fluorometric means. Histochemical analyses were carried out to assess fiber type composition and fiber area. CS and HAD activities were lower (P less than 0.05), and LD and MK were higher (P less than 0.05) in FT than ST fibers in the entire subject pool (n = 20). CS of FT fibers and HAD of ST fibers were lower in athletes (P less than 0.05–0.01) compared with nonathletes, whereas LD of both fiber types was higher (P less than 0.05–0.001) in athletes. CS activity of ST fibers and MK activity of FT fibers were higher (P less than 0.05) in BB compared with OL/PL. FT and ST fiber area was greater (P less than 0.05) in athletes than in nonathletes. BB displayed greater (P less than 0.05) fiber size than OL/PL. FT/ST area was greater (P less than 0.05) in OL/PL than BB. It is suggested that long-term heavy-resistance training results in specific metabolic adaptations of FT and ST fiber types. These changes appear to be influenced by the type of resistance training.

scholarly journals Downregulation in muscle Na+-K+-ATPase following a 21-day expedition to 6,194 m

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Green ◽  
Brian Roy ◽  
Susan Grant ◽  
Margaret Burnett ◽  
Russ Tupling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution

To investigate the hypothesis that acclimatization to altitude would result in a downregulation in muscle Na+-K+-ATPase pump concentration, tissue samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of six volunteers (5 males and 1 female), ranging in age from 24 to 35 yr, both before and within 3 days after a 21-day expedition to the summit of Mount Denali, Alaska (6,194 m). Na+-K+-ATPase, measured by the [3H]ouabain-binding technique, decreased by 13.8% [348 ± 12 vs. 300 ± 7.6 (SE) pmol/g wet wt; P< 0.05]. No changes were found in the maximal activities (mol ⋅ kg protein− 1 ⋅ h− 1) of the mitochondrial enzymes, succinic dehydrogenase (3.63 ± 0.20 vs. 3.25 ± 0.23), citrate synthase (4.76 ± 0.44 vs. 4.94 ± 0.44), and malate dehydrogenase (12.6 ± 1.8 vs. 12.7 ± 1.2). Similarly, the expedition had no effect on any of the histochemical properties examined, namely fiber-type distribution (types I, IIA, IIB, IC, IIC, IIAB), area, capillarization, and succinic dehydrogenase activity. Peak aerobic power (52.3 ± 2.1 vs. 50.6 ± 1.9 ml ⋅ kg− 1 ⋅ min− 1) and body mass (76.9 ± 3.7 vs. 75.5 ± 2.9 kg) were also unaffected. We concluded that acclimatization to altitude results in a downregulation in muscle Na+-K+-ATPase pump concentration, which occurs without changes in oxidative potential and other fiber-type histochemical properties.

Early muscular and metabolic adaptations to prolonged exercise training in humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2032-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Green ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
M. E. Ball-Burnett ◽  
D. Smith ◽  
J. Livesey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Fiber Area ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase

A short-term training program involving 2 h of daily exercise at 59% of peak O2 uptake (VO2max) repeated for 10-12 consecutive days was employed to determine the significance of adaptations in energy metabolic potential on alterations in energy metabolism and substrate utilization in working muscle. The initial VO2max determined before training on the eight male subjects was 53.0 +/- 2.0 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1. Analysis of samples obtained by needle biopsy from the vastus lateralis muscle before exercise (0 min) and at 15, 60, and 99 min of exercise indicated that on the average training resulted (P less than 0.05) in a 6.5% higher concentration of creatine phosphate, a 9.9% lower concentration of creatine, and a 39% lower concentration of lactate. Training had no effect on ATP concentration. These adaptations were also accompanied by a reduction in the utilization in glycogen such that by the end of exercise glycogen concentration was 47.1% higher in the trained muscle. Analysis of the maximal activities of representative enzymes of different metabolic pathways and segments indicated no change in potential in the citric acid cycle (succinate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase), beta-oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase), glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase), or potential for glycogenolysis (phosphorylase) and glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase). With the exception of increases in the capillary-to-fiber area ratio in type IIa fibers, no change was found in any fiber type (types I, IIa, and IIb) for area, number of capillaries, capillary-to-fiber area ratio, or oxidative potential with training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Muscle fiber types and size in trained and untrained muscles of elite athletes

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tesch ◽  
J. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Greco Roman

Tissue samples were obtained from vastus lateralis and deltoid muscles of physical education students (n = 12), Greco-Roman wrestlers (n = 8), flat-water kayakers (n = 9), middle- and long-distance runners (n = 9), and olympic weight and power lifters (n = 7). Histochemical stainings for myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase and NADH-tetrazolium reductase were applied to assess the relative distribution of fast-twitch and slow-twitch (ST) muscle fiber types and fiber size. The %ST was not different in the vastus (mean SD 48 +/- 14) and deltoid (56 +/- 13) muscles. The %ST was higher (P less than 0.001), however, in the deltoid compared with vastus muscle of kayakers. This pattern was reversed in runners (P less than 0.001). The %ST of the vastus was higher (P less than 0.001) in runners than in any of the other groups. The %ST of the deltoid muscle was higher in kayakers than in students, runners (P less than 0.001), and lifters (P less than 0.05). The mean fiber area and the area of ST fibers were greater (P less than 0.01) in the vastus than the deltoid muscle. Our data show a difference in fiber type distribution between the trained and nontrained muscles of endurance athletes. This pattern may reflect the adaptive response to long-term endurance training.

CK and LD isozymes in human single muscle fibers in trained athletes

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2717-2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Apple ◽  
P. A. Tesch
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Individual

Individual human muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis were isolated from age-matched endurance-trained and strength-trained athletes and untrained controls. Slow- (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) fibers were assayed for total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, total lactate dehydrogenase (LD), the LD isozyme that predominates in the heart muscle of most vertebrates (LD1), and citrate synthase (CS). Regardless of training of the athletes, both CK-MB and CS were higher in ST than in FT fibers. Also, irrespective of fiber type, CK-MB and CS were greatest in the endurance-trained group. A positive correlation existed between CK-MB and CS, relating oxidative capacity of individual fibers with CK-MB. Total CK varied little among the fiber types, trained groups, or controls. Total LD in FT fibers was greater than in ST fibers in all groups, with only ST fibers from the endurance-trained group containing substantial amounts of LD1. These findings suggest that specific training, endurance exercise, causes a favorable metabolic adaptation of CK and LD isozymes at the individual fiber level, allowing for the muscle to cope with increased energy demands during prolonged exercise.

Enhanced technique to measure proteins in single segments of human skeletal muscle fibers: fiber-type dependence of AMPK-α1 and -β1

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Human physiological studies typically use skeletal muscle biopsies from the heterogeneous vastus lateralis muscle comprised of both fast-twitch and slow-twitch fiber types. It is likely that potential changes of physiological importance are overlooked because fiber-type specific responses may not be apparent in the whole muscle preparation. A technological advance in Western blotting is presented where proteins are analyzed in just one small segment (<2 mm) of individual fibers dissected from freeze-dried muscle samples using standard laboratory equipment. A significant advance is being able to classify every fiber at the level of both contractile (myosin heavy chain and tropomyosin) and sarcoplasmic reticulum [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase type 1] properties and then being able to measure specific proteins in the very same segments. This removes the need to fiber type segments before further analyses and, as such, dramatically reduces the time required for sample collection. Compared with slow-twitch fibers, there was less AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α1 (∼25%) and AMPK-β1 (∼60%) in fast-twitch fibers from human skeletal muscle biopsies.

scholarly journals Histochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural analyses of single human muscle fibers, with special reference to the C-fiber population.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Staron ◽  
R S Hikida
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
Ph Range

A muscle biopsy from the vastus lateralis muscle of a strength-trained woman was found to contain an unusual fiber type composition and was analyzed by histochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. Special attention was given to the C-fibers, which comprised over 15% of the total fiber number in the biopsy. The mATPase activity of the C-fibers remained stable to varying degrees over the pH range normally used for routine mATPase histochemistry. Although a continuum existed, the C-fibers were histochemically subdivided into three main fiber types: IC, IIC, and IIAC. The IC fibers were histochemically more similar to the Type I, the IIAC were more similar to the Type IIA, and the IIC were darkly stained throughout the pH range. Biochemical analysis revealed that all C-fibers coexpressed myosin heavy chains (MHC) I and IIa in variable ratios. The histochemical staining intensity correlated with the myosin heavy chain composition such that the Type IC fibers contained a greater ratio of MHCI/MHCIIa, the IIAC contained a greater ratio of MHCIIa/MHCI, and the Type IIC contained equal amounts of these two heavy chains. Ultrastructural data of the C-fiber population revealed an oxidative capacity between fiber Types I and IIA and suggested a range of mitochondrial volume percent from highest to lowest such that I greater than IC greater than IIC greater than IIA-C greater than IIA. Under physiological conditions, it appears that the IC fibers represent Type I fibers that additionally express some fast characteristics, whereas the Type IIAC are Type IIA fibers that additionally express some slow characteristics. Fibers expressing a 50:50 mixture of MHCI and MHCIIa (IIC fibers) were rarely found. It is not known whether C-fibers represent a distinct population between the fast- and slow-twitch fibers that is specifically adapted to a particular usage or whether they are transforming fibers in the process of going from fast to slow or slow to fast.

Fiber Type Composition of the Vastus Lateralis Muscle of Young Men and Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Staron ◽  
Fredrick C. Hagerman ◽  
Robert S. Hikida ◽  
Thomas F. Murray ◽  
David P. Hostler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution

SUMMARY This study presents data collected over the past 10 years on the muscle fiber type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of 55 women (21.2 ± 2.2 yr) and 95 men (21.5 ± 2.4 yr) who had volunteered to participate in various research projects. Six fiber types (I, IC, IIC, IIA, IIAB, and IIB) were classified using mATPase histochemistry, and cross-sectional area was measured for the major fiber types (I, IIA, and IIB). Myosin heavy chain (MHC) content was determined electrophoretically on all of the samples from the men and on 26 samples from the women. With the exception of fiber Type IC, no significant differences were found between men and women for muscle fiber type distribution. The vastus lateralis muscle of both the men and women contained approximately 41% I, 1% IC, 1% IIC, 31% IIA, 6% IIAB, and 20% IIB. However, the cross-sectional area of all three major fiber types was larger for the men compared to the women. In addition, the Type IIA fibers were the largest for the men, whereas the Type I fibers tended to be the largest for the women. Therefore, gender differences were found with regard to the area occupied by each specific fiber type: IIA>I>IIB for the men and I>IIA>IIB for the women. These data establish normative values for the mATPase-based fiber type distribution and sizes in untrained young men and women.

scholarly journals Myoglobin levels in individual human skeletal muscle fibers of different types.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Nemeth ◽  
O H Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Trained Athlete ◽  
Fiber Types

An attempt was made to determine the relationship of myoglobin content to specific fiber types in human muscle. Biopsies were obtained from biceps brachii, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius muscles of untrained subjects and from the vastus lateralis muscle of a highly trained athlete at peak training and at intervals of no training (detraining). Individual muscle fibers were assayed, by quantitative microanalytical methods, for myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, beta-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and adenylokinase activities all on the same fiber. The enzyme levels were used to classify the fibers into type I or II. The results show that the content of myoglobin in human muscle does not differ greatly between fiber types in contrast to other species. The type II fibers contained, on the average, at least two-thirds as much myoglobin as type I fibers. The concentration of myoglobin did not change in either fiber type during detraining (84 days), despite marked changes in lactate dehydrogenase, adenylokinase and the three oxidative enzymes.

Single-fiber expression and fiber-specific adaptability to short-term intense exercise training of Na+-K+-ATPase α- and β-isoforms in human skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Wyckelsma ◽  
M. J. McKenna ◽  
F. R. Serpiello ◽  
C. R. Lamboley ◽  
R. J. Aughey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Functional Roles

The Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) plays a key role in muscle excitability, but little is known in human skeletal muscle about fiber-type-specific differences in NKA isoform expression or adaptability. A vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was taken in 17 healthy young adults to contrast NKA isoform protein relative abundance between type I and IIa fibers. We further investigated muscle fiber-type-specific NKA adaptability in eight of these adults following 4-wk repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) training, comprising three sets of 5 × 4-s sprints, 3 days/wk. Single fibers were separated, and myosin heavy chain (I and IIa) and NKA (α1–3 and β1–3) isoform abundance were determined via Western blotting. All six NKA isoforms were expressed in both type I and IIa fibers. No differences between fiber types were found for α1-, α2-, α3-, β1-, or β3-isoform abundances. The NKA β2-isoform was 27% more abundant in type IIa than type I fibers ( P < 0.05), with no other fiber-type-specific trends evident. RSE training increased β1 in type IIa fibers (pretraining 0.70 ± 0.25, posttraining 0.84 ± 0.24 arbitrary units, 42%, P < 0.05). No training effects were found for other NKA isoforms. Thus human skeletal muscle expresses all six NKA isoforms and not in a fiber-type-specific manner; this points to their different functional roles in skeletal muscle cells. Detection of elevated NKA β1 after RSE training demonstrates the sensitivity of the single-fiber Western blotting technique for fiber-type-specific intervention effects.

Human skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and muscle function with aging and strength training

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1858-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Hunter ◽  
Martin W. Thompson ◽  
Patricia A. Ruell ◽  
Alison R. Harmer ◽  
Jeanette M. Thom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types

This study investigated the adaptations of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ uptake, relaxation, and fiber types in young (YW) and elderly women (EW) to high-resistance training. Seventeen YW (18–32 yr) and 11 EW (64–79 yr) were assessed for 1) electrically evoked relaxation time and rate of the quadriceps femoris; and 2) maximal rates of SR Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-ATPase activity and relative fiber-type areas, analyzed from muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis. EW had significantly slower relaxation rates and times, decreased SR Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-ATPase activity, and a larger relative type I fiber area than did YW. A subgroup of 9 young (YWT) and 10 elderly women (EWT) performed 12 wk of high-resistance training (8 repetition maximum) of the quadriceps and underwent identical testing procedures pre- and posttraining. EWT significantly increased their SR Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-ATPase activity in response to training but showed no alterations in speed of relaxation or relative fiber-type areas. In YWT none of the variables was altered after resistance training. These findings suggest that 1) a reduced SR Ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle of elderly women was partially reversed with resistance training and 2) SR Ca2+ uptake in the vastus lateralis was not the rate-limiting mechanism for the slowing of relaxation measured from electrically evoked quadriceps muscle of elderly women.

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