Recovery of short-term power after dynamic exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Initial Power ◽  
Power Recovery

The intensity of prior cycle ergometer exercise alters the pattern in recovery of maximal short-term power output (STPO). STPO was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 min of recovery. Immediately after exercise, STPO fell to 85, 75, 55, and 47% of preexercise values for prior exercise equivalent to 60, 80, 100, and 120% of maximal O2 uptake, respectively. STPO had fully recovered by 1 min of postexercise after submaximal work rates (60 and 80%). Recovery was delayed until after 4 min of postexercise after maximal exercise (100%). STPO remained at approximately 90% of preexercise values 8 min postexercise after supramaximal exercise (120%). STPO immediately after exercise and during recovery was inversely proportional to prior exercise intensity. The recovery curve for STPO was similar to that previously reported for creatine phosphate resynthesis after dynamic and isometric exercise. The absolute STPO regained in the initial phase was not inversely proportional to either exercise intensity or 4-min postexercise blood lactate levels, which suggests that factors other than changes in pH alone may mediate initial power recovery.

O2 uptake kinetics and the O2 deficit as related to exercise intensity and blood lactate

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Barstow ◽  
R. Casaburi ◽  
K. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
O2 Deficit

The dynamic responses of O2 uptake (VO2) to a range of constant power output levels were related to exercise intensity [as percent maximal VO2 and as below vs. above lactic acid threshold (LAT)] and to the associated end-exercise lactate in three groups of subjects: group I, untrained subjects performing leg cycle ergometer exercise; group II, the same subjects performing arm cycle exercise; and group III, trained cyclists performing leg cycle ergometer exercise. Responses were described by a double-exponential equation, with each component having an independent time delay, which reduced to a monoexponential description for moderate (below-LAT) exercise. When a second exponential component to the VO2 response was present, it did not become evident until approximately 80–100 s into exercise. An overall time constant (tau T, determined as O2 deficit for the total response divided by net end-exercise VO2) and a primary time constant (tau P, determined from the O2 deficit and the amplitude for the early primary VO2 response) were compared. The tau T rose with power output and end-exercise lactate levels, but tau P was virtually invariant, even at high end-exercise lactate levels. Moreover the gain of the primary exponential component (as delta VO2/delta W) was constant across power outputs and blood lactate levels, suggesting that the primary VO2 response reflects a linear system, even at higher power outputs. These results suggest that elevated end-exercise lactate is not associated with any discernible slowing of the primary rise in VO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accuracy and Reproducibility of an Exercise Prescription Based on Ratings of Perceived Exertion for Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer Exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Dunbar ◽  
Carole Goris ◽  
Donald W. Michielli ◽  
Michael I. Kalinski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Target Intensity

The accuracy of regularing exercise intensity by Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was examined. Subjects underwent 4 production trials, 2 on a treadmill (PIA, P1B) and 2 on a cycle ergometer (P2A, P2B). 9 untrained subjects used only their perceptions of effort to regulate exercise intensity. Target intensity was the RPE equivalent to 60% VO2mx. Exercise intensity (VO2) during P1A, P1B, and P2A did not differ from the target, but during P2B was lower than target. During P1A and P1B heart rate did not differ from the target but was lower than target during P2A and P2B. RPE seems a valid means of regulating exercise intensity during repeated bouts of treadmill exercise at 60% VO2max; however, exercise intensity during repeated bouts on the cycle ergometer may be lower than target.

Exercise intensity: effect on postexercise O2 uptake in trained and untrained women

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1713-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Chad ◽  
B. M. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Varied Intensity ◽  
Constant Duration

Despite many reports of long-lasting elevation of metabolism after exercise, little is known regarding the effects of exercise intensity and duration on this phenomenon. This study examined the effect of a constant duration (30 min) of cycle ergometer exercise at varied intensity levels [50 and 70% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max)] on 3-h recovery of oxygen uptake (VO2). VO2 and respiratory exchange ratios were measured by open-circuit spirometry in five trained female cyclists (age 25 +/- 1.7 yr) and five untrained females (age 27 +/- 0.8 yr). Postexercise VO2 measured at intervals for 3 h after exercise was greater (P less than 0.01) after exercise at 50% VO2max in trained (0.40 +/- 0.01 l/min) and untrained subjects (0.39 +/- 0.01 l/min) than after 70% VO2max in (0.31 +/- 0.02 l/min) and untrained subjects (0.29 +/- 0.02 l/min). The lower respiratory exchange ratio values (P less than 0.01) after 50% VO2max in trained (0.78 +/- 0.01) and untrained subjects (0.80 +/- 0.01) compared with 70% VO2max in trained (0.81 +/- 0.01) and untrained subjects (0.83 +/- 0.01) suggest that an increase in fat metabolism may be implicated in the long-term elevation of metabolism after exercise. This was supported by the greater estimated fatty acid oxidation (P less than 0.05) after 50% VO2max in trained (147 +/- 4 mg/min) and untrained subjects (133 +/- 9 mg/min) compared with 70% VO2max in trained (101 +/- 6 mg/min) and untrained subjects (85 +/- 7 mg/min).

Acute hypoosmolality attenuates the suppression of cutaneous vasodilation with increased exercise intensity

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Mitono ◽  
Hiroshi Endoh ◽  
Kazunobu Okazaki ◽  
Takashi Ichinose ◽  
Shizue Masuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Forearm Skin

We examined the hypothesis that elevation of the body core temperature threshold for forearm skin vasodilation (THFVC) with increased exercise intensity is partially caused by concomitantly increased plasma osmolality (Posmol). Eight young male subjects, wearing a body suit perfused with warm water to maintain the mean skin temperature at 34 ± 1°C (ranges), performed 20-min cycle-ergometer exercise at 30% peak aerobic power (V̇o2 peak) under isoosmotic conditions (C), and at 65% V̇o2 peak under isoosmotic (HEXIOS) and hypoosmotic (HEXLOS) conditions. In HEXLOS, hypoosmolality was attained by hypotonic saline infusion with DDAVP, a V2 agonist, before exercise. Posmol (mosmol/kgH2O) increased after the start of exercise in both HEX trials ( P < 0.01) but not in C. The average Posmol at 5 and 10 min in HEXIOS was higher than in C ( P < 0.01), whereas that in HEXLOS was lower than in HEXIOS ( P < 0.01). The change in THFVC was proportional to that in Posmol in every subject for three trials. The change in THFVC per unit change in Posmol (ΔTHFVC/ΔPosmol, °C·mosmol−1·kgH2O−1) was 0.064 ± 0.012 when exercise intensity increased from C to HEXIOS, similar to 0.086 ± 0.020 when Posmol decreased from HEXIOS to HEXLOS ( P > 0.1). Moreover, there were no significant differences in plasma volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and plasma lactate concentration around THFVC between HEXIOS and HEXLOS ( P > 0.1). Thus the increase in THFVC due to increased exercise intensity was at least partially explained by the concomitantly increased Posmol.

Self-regulation Of Exercise Intensity Using The Omni Rpe Scale During Intermittent Cycle Ergometer Exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S485
Author(s):  
Mark A. Schafer ◽  
Katie Koch ◽  
Jeff Rothstein ◽  
Fredric Goss ◽  
Deborah Aaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

Influence of Maximal Ergometric Exercise on Endothelin Concentrations in Relation to Molecular Markers of the Hemostatic System

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (04) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Röcker ◽  
Martin Möckel ◽  
Klaus-Peter Westpfahl-W ◽  
Hanns-Christian Gunga
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Hemostatic Markers ◽  
Thrombin Antithrombin Iii Complex ◽  
Maximal Capacity ◽  
Ergometric Exercise

SummaryThe effects of moderate 30 min cycle ergometer exercise (aerobic metabolism; 0.85-3.71 mmol · 1−1 lactate) followed by short-term exercise at maximal capacity (anaerobic metabolism; 5.09 to 17.75 mmol · 1−1 lactate) on endothelin (ET) and hemostatic variables (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA] antigen, prothrombin fragments [F1,2], thrombin-antithrombin III complex [TAT], prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time) were investigated in 15 male healthy subjects of varying fitness levels. Endothelin was measured twice, before and immediately after maximal cycle exercise. The results show an increase in endothelin concentration [10.0 pg · m1−1 (baseline) + 6.1 pg · m1−1 (increase post exercise)]. ET did not increase under control conditions. Moderate 30 min exercise caused an increase in t-PA antigen concentration (3.66 + 3.15 ng · m1−1) and short-term maximal exercise produced a markedly higher elevation in this variable (+10.6 ng · m1−1). F1,2 increased (810 + 40 pmol · 1−1) under moderate and by 150 pmol · 1−1 under anaerobic exercise. TAT increased only at maximal exercise levels (1.01 + 0.32 ng · 1−1). No changes were found in any of these variables under control conditions. No correlation of endothelin and the hemostatic variables was found.It is concluded that endothelin and hemostatic markers increase independently during moderate and maximal exercise.

Optimizing the “priming” effect: influence of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration on O2 uptake kinetics and severe-intensity exercise tolerance

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Bailey ◽  
Anni Vanhatalo ◽  
Daryl P. Wilkerson ◽  
Fred J. DiMenna ◽  
Andrew M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Step Cycle ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Recovery Duration ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

It has been suggested that a prior bout of high-intensity exercise has the potential to enhance performance during subsequent high-intensity exercise by accelerating the O2 uptake (V̇o2) on-response. However, the optimal combination of prior exercise intensity and subsequent recovery duration required to elicit this effect is presently unclear. Eight male participants, aged 18–24 yr, completed step cycle ergometer exercise tests to 80% of the difference between the preestablished gas exchange threshold and maximal V̇o2 (i.e., 80%Δ) after no prior exercise (control) and after six different combinations of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration: 40%Δ with 3 min (40-3-80), 9 min (40-9-80), and 20 min (40-20-80) of recovery and 70%Δ with 3 min (70-3-80), 9 min (70-9-80), and 20 min (70-20-80) of recovery. Overall V̇o2 kinetics were accelerated relative to control in all conditions except for 40-9-80 and 40-20-80 conditions as a consequence of a reduction in the V̇o2 slow component amplitude; the phase II time constant was not significantly altered with any prior exercise/recovery combination. Exercise tolerance at 80%Δ was improved by 15% and 30% above control in the 70-9-80 and 70-20-80 conditions, respectively, but was impaired by 16% in the 70-3-80 condition. Prior exercise at 40%Δ did not significantly influence exercise tolerance regardless of the recovery duration. These data demonstrate that prior high-intensity exercise (∼70%Δ) can enhance the tolerance to subsequent high-intensity exercise provided that it is coupled with adequate recovery duration (≥9 min). This combination presumably optimizes the balance between preserving the effects of prior exercise on V̇o2 kinetics and providing sufficient time for muscle homeostasis (e.g., muscle phosphocreatine and H+ concentrations) to be restored.

High-intensity endurance training in 20- to 30- and 60- to 70-yr-old healthy men

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Makrides ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Young Subjects

Factors contributing to maximal incremental and short-term exercise capacity were measured before and after 12 wk of high-intensity endurance training in 12 old (60-70 yr) and 10 young (20-30 yr) sedentary healthy males. Peak O2 uptake in incremental cycle ergometer exercise increased from 1.60 +/- 0.073 to 2.21 +/- 0.073 (SE) l/min (38% increase) in the old subjects and from 2.54 +/- 0.141 to 3.26 +/- 0.181 l/min (29%) in the young subjects. Peak cardiac output, estimated by extrapolation from a series of submaximal measurements by the CO2 rebreathing method, increased by 30% (from 12.7 to 16.5 l/min) in the old subjects, associated with a 6% increase (from 126 to 135 ml/l) in arteriovenous O2 difference; in the young subjects there were equal 14% increases in both variables (18.0 to 20.5 l/min and 140 to 159 ml/l, respectively). Submaximal mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were lower posttraining in the old subjects; total vascular conductance and cardiac stroke volume increased. Although peak power at the start of a short-term maximal isokinetic test did not change, total work accomplished in 30 s at a pedaling frequency of 110 revolutions/min increased in both groups, from 11.2 to 12.6 kJ and from 15.7 to 16.9 kJ in the old and young, respectively; fatigue during the 30-s test was less, and postexercise plasma lactate concentrations were lower. In older subjects, increases in aerobic power after high-intensity endurance training are at least as large as in younger subjects and are associated with increases in vascular conductance, maximal cardiac output, and stroke volume.

Changes in serum lipids and apolipoproteins after exercise in men with high cholesterol: influence of intensity

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Crouse ◽  
B. C. O'Brien ◽  
J. J. Rohack ◽  
R. C. Lowe ◽  
J. S. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
High Density ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Caloric Expenditure ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

The purpose of this study was to characterize the short-term changes in blood lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in healthy hypercholesterolemic men after high-intensity [80% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max); n = 20] or moderate-intensity (50% VO2max; n = 19) cycle ergometer exercise balanced for caloric expenditure (350 kcal). The men's age, height, weight, %fat, and VO2max were 46 +/- 2 yr, 173 +/- 7 cm, 82.7 +/- 2.2 kg, 28 +/- 1%, and 31.1 +/- 1.0 ml O2.kg-1.min-1, respectively. Blood samples were drawn before exercise, immediately after exercise, then 24 and 48 h later, and concentrations of all variables were adjusted for changes in plasma volume. Significant changes (P < 0.0016) were as follows: total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell by 4% immediately after exercise and then rose by 5–8% by 48 h. Triglycerides were 18 and 15% lower at 24 and 48 h, respectively. HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein3-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B rose 8–9% by 24 h and remained elevated. High-density lipoprotein2-cholesterol rose by 27% by 48 h after exercise, but this change was not significant. Apolipoprotein A-I did not change with exercise. The response patterns were not affected by exercise intensity. These data show that a single session of exercise performed by untrained hypercholesterolemic men alters blood lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. Furthermore, the postexercise response patterns are not influenced by exercise intensity, as long as caloric expenditure is held constant.

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