Influence of Maximal Ergometric Exercise on Endothelin Concentrations in Relation to Molecular Markers of the Hemostatic System

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (04) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Röcker ◽  
Martin Möckel ◽  
Klaus-Peter Westpfahl-W ◽  
Hanns-Christian Gunga
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Hemostatic Markers ◽  
Thrombin Antithrombin Iii Complex ◽  
Maximal Capacity ◽  
Ergometric Exercise

SummaryThe effects of moderate 30 min cycle ergometer exercise (aerobic metabolism; 0.85-3.71 mmol · 1−1 lactate) followed by short-term exercise at maximal capacity (anaerobic metabolism; 5.09 to 17.75 mmol · 1−1 lactate) on endothelin (ET) and hemostatic variables (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA] antigen, prothrombin fragments [F1,2], thrombin-antithrombin III complex [TAT], prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time) were investigated in 15 male healthy subjects of varying fitness levels. Endothelin was measured twice, before and immediately after maximal cycle exercise. The results show an increase in endothelin concentration [10.0 pg · m1−1 (baseline) + 6.1 pg · m1−1 (increase post exercise)]. ET did not increase under control conditions. Moderate 30 min exercise caused an increase in t-PA antigen concentration (3.66 + 3.15 ng · m1−1) and short-term maximal exercise produced a markedly higher elevation in this variable (+10.6 ng · m1−1). F1,2 increased (810 + 40 pmol · 1−1) under moderate and by 150 pmol · 1−1 under anaerobic exercise. TAT increased only at maximal exercise levels (1.01 + 0.32 ng · 1−1). No changes were found in any of these variables under control conditions. No correlation of endothelin and the hemostatic variables was found.It is concluded that endothelin and hemostatic markers increase independently during moderate and maximal exercise.

The Effects of a Botanical Blend on Post-Exercise Mucosal Antimicrobial Proteins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bellar ◽  
Randy A. Aldret ◽  
Lawrence W. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Tract Infections

Exercise is a stressor that is known to in some cases suppress antimicrobial protein levels, particularly secretory immunoglobulin type A (IgA).  Athletes in the midst of in-season training often demonstrate declining levels of sIgA as well as increased risk for ailments such as upper respiratory tract infections.  Therefore, it is important to investigate natural supplements that may enhance post exercise mucosal immune function. Methods:  Twenty healthy college-aged males volunteered to participate in the present single blind, repeated measures study.  Three treatments were administered (botanical spray, botanical drops, placebo) at the onset of 30 minutes of 80% VO2 max cycle ergometer exercise.  Secretory IgA and Human Alpha Defensin were quantified in saliva samples 30 minutes and 90 minutes post exercise.  Results:  Analysis via repeated measures Anova revealed a significant treatment effect at 30 min (p=0.030) with post hoc testing revealing a difference between the botanical spray and placebo (p=0.027), but by 90 minutes there was no differences by treatment (p=0.758).  There was no difference by treatment observed at either 30 or 90 minutes for human alpha defensin concentrations. Conclusions:  Based upon these preliminary data, it appears that a single dose of the tested botanical blend delivered via mouth spray can increase sIgA, one of the primary anti-microbial proteins in the oral cavity, for a short time post exercise.

Sex differences in heart rate responses to sub-maximal exercise in young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
U. Dimkpa ◽  
C.C. Ezeike ◽  
S.O. Maduka ◽  
U.U. Ukoha ◽  
L.C. Anikeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

There is paucity of scientific information on sex differences in heart rate (HR) responses during and after a sub-maximal exercise test in young adults. We assessed sex differences in normal HR responses during and after a sub-maximal-effort cycle ergometer exercise test in apparently healthy young adults. One hundred young adults (50 males and 50 females) participated in the study. Subjects performed a sub-maximal exercise at an intensity that produced 60–85% of a pre-determined age-predicted maximum HR. Measurements of subjects’ HR were done at rest, during exercise and post exercise recovery periods. The present data indicated that after adjusting for covariates, greater (P<0.05) HR responses (delta HR 2 min, delta HR 5 min, delta peak HR) were observed in men relative to women. Males also indicated significantly higher (P<0.05) %HRmax and %HRreserve compared to females. Variables of HR response during post-exercise recovery did not differ between males and females. HR responses during exercise were greater in young adult males compared to females while HR responses at post-exercise recovery were similar between the two groups. The present findings may be useful in interpreting more accurately the significance of HR responses during and after exercise in healthy young adults according to sex.

scholarly journals Post-exercise urinary alpha-1 acid glycoprotein is not dependent on hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Elizabeth Joyce ◽  
George M. Balanos ◽  
Christopher Bradley ◽  
Amy Fountain ◽  
Arthur Randell Bradwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Physiologic Responses ◽  
Urine Specimens

Introduction: Proteinuria is a transient physiologic phenomenon that occurs with a range of physical activities and during ascent to altitude. Exercise intensity appears to dictate the magnitude of post-exercise proteinuria; however, evidence also indicates possible contributions from exercise-induced hypoxemia or reoxygenation. Utilizing an environmental hypoxic chamber, this crossover designed study aimed to evaluate urinary alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) excretion pre/post exercise performed in hypoxia and normoxia. Methods: Sixteen individuals underwent experimental sessions in normoxia (NOR, 20.9% O2) and hypoxia (HYP, 12.0% O2). Sessions began with a 2-hour priming period before completing a graded maximal exercise test (GXT) on a cycle ergometer, which was followed by continuation of exposure for an additional 2 hours. Physiologic responses (i.e., blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral oxygenation), Lake Louise Scores, and urine specimens (analyzed for albumin and α1-AGP) were collected pre- and post-exercise (after 30, 60, and 120 minutes). Results: Peak power output was significantly reduced in HYP (193 ± 45 W) compared to NOR (249 ± 59 W, p < 0.01). Post-exercise urinary α1-AGP was greater in NOR (20.04 ± 14.84 μg•min-1) compared to HYP (15.08 ± 13.46 μg•min-1), albeit the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Changes in urinary α1-AGP from pre- to post-30 minutes were not related to physiologic responses or performance outcomes observed during GXT in NOR or HYP. Conclusion: Despite profound systemic hypoxemia with maximal exercise in hypoxia, post-exercise α1-AGP excretion was not elevated above levels observed following normoxic exercise.

Effects of incomplete pulmonary gas exchange on VO2 max

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2491-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Powers ◽  
J. Lawler ◽  
J. A. Dempsey ◽  
S. Dodd ◽  
G. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Recent evidence suggests that heavy exercise may lower the percentage of O2 bound to hemoglobin (%SaO2) by greater than or equal to 5% below resting values in some highly trained endurance athletes. We tested the hypothesis that pulmonary gas exchange limitations may restrict VO2max in highly trained athletes who exhibit exercise-induced hypoxemia. Twenty healthy male volunteers were divided into two groups according to their physical fitness status and the demonstration of exercise-induced reductions in %SaO2 less than or equal to 92%: 1) trained (T), mean VO2max = 56.5 ml.kg-1.min-1 (n = 13) and 2) highly trained (HT) with maximal exercise %SaO2 less than or equal to 92%, mean VO2max = 70.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 (n = 7). Subjects performed two incremental cycle ergometer exercise tests to determine VO2max at sea level under normoxic (21% O2) and mild hyperoxic conditions (26% O2). Mean %SaO2 during maximal exercise was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) during hyperoxia compared with normoxia in both the T group (94.1 vs. 96.1%) and the HT group (90.6 vs. 95.9%). Mean VO2max was significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) during hyperoxia compared with normoxia in the HT group (74.7 vs. 70.1 ml.kg-1.min-1). In contrast, in the T group, no mean difference (P less than 0.05) existed between treatments in VO2max (56.5 vs. 57.1 ml.kg-1.min-1). These data suggest that pulmonary gas exchange may contribute significantly to the limitation of VO2max in highly trained athletes who exhibit exercise-induced reductions in %SaO2 at sea level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Inflammatory Response 24 h Post-Exercise in Youth with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Rochette ◽  
Etienne Merlin ◽  
Christophe Hourdé ◽  
Bertrand Evrard ◽  
Bruno Peraira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure the impact, at 24 h post-exercise, of a single exercise bout on plasma inflammatory markers such as calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6 R, sgp130 and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Twelve children with JIA attended the laboratory on three consecutive days (control day, exercise day and 24 h post-exercise), including a 20-min exercise bout on a cycle-ergometer at 70% of max. HR at 8:30 a.m. on day 2. Plasma concentrations of calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6 R, sgp130, cortisol, ACTH and DHEA were measured on venous blood samples taken every day.at rest and at 8:30, 8:50, 9:30, 10:30 a.m. and 12:00, 3:00, 5:30 p.m.A single exercise bout increased plasma calprotectin 1.7-fold (p<0.001) but did not increase IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptors in short-term post-exercise recovery. However, at 24 h post-exercise, calprotectin, IL-6 and its receptors had decreased compared to control-day levels. There was a transient 2-fold increase in post-exercise self-evaluated pain (p=0.03) that disappeared in the evening without repercussions the following day.Physical activity in children with JIA results in a slight transient systemic inflammation but seems to be followed by counter-regulation at 24 h post-exercise with a decrease in proinflammatory markers.

Recovery of short-term power after dynamic exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Initial Power ◽  
Power Recovery

The intensity of prior cycle ergometer exercise alters the pattern in recovery of maximal short-term power output (STPO). STPO was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 min of recovery. Immediately after exercise, STPO fell to 85, 75, 55, and 47% of preexercise values for prior exercise equivalent to 60, 80, 100, and 120% of maximal O2 uptake, respectively. STPO had fully recovered by 1 min of postexercise after submaximal work rates (60 and 80%). Recovery was delayed until after 4 min of postexercise after maximal exercise (100%). STPO remained at approximately 90% of preexercise values 8 min postexercise after supramaximal exercise (120%). STPO immediately after exercise and during recovery was inversely proportional to prior exercise intensity. The recovery curve for STPO was similar to that previously reported for creatine phosphate resynthesis after dynamic and isometric exercise. The absolute STPO regained in the initial phase was not inversely proportional to either exercise intensity or 4-min postexercise blood lactate levels, which suggests that factors other than changes in pH alone may mediate initial power recovery.

High-intensity endurance training in 20- to 30- and 60- to 70-yr-old healthy men

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Makrides ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Young Subjects

Factors contributing to maximal incremental and short-term exercise capacity were measured before and after 12 wk of high-intensity endurance training in 12 old (60-70 yr) and 10 young (20-30 yr) sedentary healthy males. Peak O2 uptake in incremental cycle ergometer exercise increased from 1.60 +/- 0.073 to 2.21 +/- 0.073 (SE) l/min (38% increase) in the old subjects and from 2.54 +/- 0.141 to 3.26 +/- 0.181 l/min (29%) in the young subjects. Peak cardiac output, estimated by extrapolation from a series of submaximal measurements by the CO2 rebreathing method, increased by 30% (from 12.7 to 16.5 l/min) in the old subjects, associated with a 6% increase (from 126 to 135 ml/l) in arteriovenous O2 difference; in the young subjects there were equal 14% increases in both variables (18.0 to 20.5 l/min and 140 to 159 ml/l, respectively). Submaximal mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were lower posttraining in the old subjects; total vascular conductance and cardiac stroke volume increased. Although peak power at the start of a short-term maximal isokinetic test did not change, total work accomplished in 30 s at a pedaling frequency of 110 revolutions/min increased in both groups, from 11.2 to 12.6 kJ and from 15.7 to 16.9 kJ in the old and young, respectively; fatigue during the 30-s test was less, and postexercise plasma lactate concentrations were lower. In older subjects, increases in aerobic power after high-intensity endurance training are at least as large as in younger subjects and are associated with increases in vascular conductance, maximal cardiac output, and stroke volume.

scholarly journals Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roeland J. W. Middelbeek ◽  
Piryanka Motiani ◽  
Nina Brandt ◽  
Pasquale Nigro ◽  
Jia Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Intensity Training

Abstract Background Short-term exercise training programs that consist of moderate intensity endurance training or high intensity interval training have become popular choices for healthy lifestyle modifications, with as little as two weeks of training being shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body glucose metabolism. An emerging concept in exercise biology is that exercise stimulates the release of cytokines and other factors into the blood that contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism, but whether these factors behave similarly in response to moderate and high intensity short term training is not known. Here, we determined the effects of two short-term exercise training programs on the concentrations of select secreted cytokines and Klotho, a protein involved in anti-aging. Methods Healthy, sedentary men (n = 22) were randomized to moderate intensity training (MIT) or sprint intensity training (SIT) treatment groups. SIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of 6 × 30 s all out cycle ergometer sprints with 4 min of recovery between sprints. MIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of cycle ergometer exercise at 60% VO2peak, gradually increasing in duration from 40 to 60 min. Blood was taken before the intervention and 48 h after the last training session, and glucose uptake was measured using [18F]FDG‐PET/CT scanning. Cytokines were measured by multiplex and Klotho concentrations by ELISA. Results Both training protocols similarly increased VO2peak and decreased fat percentage and visceral fat (P < 0.05). MIT and SIT training programs both reduced the concentrations of IL-6, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Leptin. Interestingly, MIT, but not SIT increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations, an exercise-induced cytokine, as well as Klotho concentrations. Conclusion Short-term exercise training at markedly different intensities similarly improves cardiovascular fitness but results in intensity-specific changes in cytokine responses to exercise.

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