Acoustic rhinometry: influence of paranasal sinuses

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hilberg ◽  
O. F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Measured Volume ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses ◽  
Made In

The influence of the maxillary sinuses in acoustic rhinometry (AR) has not been evaluated, and this is the aim of the present study. We examined six subjects with AR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after nasal decongestion to compare the area-distance relationships determined by the two methods. From the MRI data we obtained copies of the nasal cavities with and without maxillary sinuses, which were made in plastic by a stereolithographic method. AR curves from models without maxillary sinuses differed from AR curves with sinuses included but were in agreement with MRI curves without inclusion of sinuses. A similar difference in AR was seen in two subjects before and after the nasal cavities were flushed with saline to fill up the maxillary sinuses. The measured volume in the first 50 mm of the nasal cavity models was unaffected by the sinuses, but the volume in the first 70 mm corresponding to the length of the nasal cavity septum was increased slightly but significantly (from 10.8 to 11.3 cm3; P = 0.05). The presence of maxillary sinuses increased the volume of the epipharynx (70-100 mm from the nostril) from 12.2 to 21.3 cm3 (P < 0.01), and this increase was not due to the influence from the contralateral nasal cavity. We conclude that the maxillary sinuses may significantly contribute to the acoustically determined areas in the posterior part of the nasal cavity and the epipharynx, especially during decongestion, and may explain a part of the difference between area-distance curves obtained by AR and MRI, whereas contribution from the contralateral nasal cavity does not.

Acoustic Rhinometry and Rhinomanometry in the Evaluation of Nasal Patency of Patients with Nasal Septal Deviation

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Szücs ◽  
Peter A. R. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Septal Deviation ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Septal Deviation ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical utility of acoustic rhinometry (AR) compared with active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) in the evaluation of nasal patency in subjects with nasal septal deviation. Fifty patients were divided into three groups based upon the part of the nasal cavity where the septal deviation was situated (anterior: up to 2.5 cm; middle: between 2.5 and 4.5 cm; posterior: between 4.5 and 8 cm measured from the columella). The control group consisted of 15 subjects with no nasal complaints and no history of nasal disease. Inspiratory and expiratory nasal airway resistance (NAR) at 75 Pa and at 150 Pa before and after decongestion were measured by AAR. Minimal Cross-sectional Area (MCA), distance of MCA, and nasal volume (Vol) were measured before and after decongestion by AR (Rhino 2000). Subjective nasal patency was assessed by Visual Analogue Score (VAS). In the statistical analysis the deviated unilateral nasal cavities were compared with the randomly chosen unilateral nasal cavities of normal subjects. Both techniques AR and AAR were sufficiently sensitive to reveal severe deviations in the anterior nasal cavity (MCA, Volant, NAR75, NAR150, p < 0.05). The techniques were less sensitive in cases of middle and posterior deviations (MCA, Volmid, Volpost, MCAmid, MCApost, NAR75, p > 0.05). The nondecongested inspiratory and expiratory NAR at 150 Pa were the only parameter that differed from normal in cases of posterior deviations. The VAS correlated better with NAR than with MCA. MCA correlated more frequently with expiratory than with inspiratory NAR.

Nasal airway geometry: comparison between acoustic reflections and magnetic resonance scanning

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2811-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hilberg ◽  
F. T. Jensen ◽  
O. F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acoustic Reflection ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Scanning

To evaluate the accuracy of the acoustic reflection (AR) technique for determination of nasal cavity cross-sectional areas, the area-distance function of both sides of the nose was determined in 10 subjects and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Interindividual variation for the correlation between MRI and AR was seen, but in general the areas from 1 to 6 cm into the nasal cavity measured by AR were larger than areas measured by MRI, especially where the surface was most convoluted. The total volume for this region was 6.47 +/- 1.83 (SD) cm3 for AR and 5.65 +/- 1.34 cm3 for MRI. It was demonstrated that this could be due to errors in calculation of the areas on the basis of MRI and AR. In the posterior part of the nasal cavity and the epipharynx, there was a convincingly higher correlation between acoustic measurements and a scan perpendicular to the assumed geometrical axis of the epipharynx than between acoustic measurements and coronal scanning. This indicates that the sound axis roughly follows the geometrical axis. In a model of two tubes (nasal cavities) joined in a larger tube (the epipharynx), closure of the posterior part of the latter revealed that the contralateral nasal cavity is likely to cause overestimation of the posterior part of the epipharynx during AR compared with MRI.

Acoustic rhinometry used as a method to monitor the effect of intramuscular injection of steroid in the treatment of nasal polyps

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Elbrønd ◽  
J. U. Feeding ◽  
K. M. Gustavsen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recurrent Nasal Polyposis

AbstractAcoustic rhinometry is a new method which describes the geometry of the nasal cavity and the epipharynx. The method, based on the reflection of an acoustic signal entered into the nasal cavity, can be used to evaluate the cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity asa function of distance from the nostril. The method has, together with nasal expiratory peak flow (NPF) and nasal index based upon a self assessment score, been used to evaluate, in an objective and dynamic way, the effect of systemic treatment of nasal polyps with steroids in a series of eight patients with recurrent nasal polyposis. The study shows a significant relationship between these three parameters before and after systemic treatment of nasal polyps with steroids. It is concluded that in this study acoustic rhinometry had an accurate and objective method for measuring the geometry of the nasal cavity before and after treatment for processes which block the nasal cavity.

English Ivy (Hedera spp., Araliaceae) Response to Goat Browsing

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia S. Ingham ◽  
Michael M. Borman
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Species Composition Change ◽  
Made In ◽  
English Ivy

AbstractEnglish ivy is an exotic liana that invades forests by forming dense monocultures on forest floors and by climbing trees. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of high-intensity–short-duration goat browsing to control English ivy in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Species composition and percent cover were determined in August 2006 before the first browsing treatment and before and after treatments in 2006 and 2007. A final assessment was made in July 2008. Browsing effects were evaluated by comparison of multiple means statistical methods. English ivy cover declined significantly in samples browsed once or twice compared with untreated samples. The difference between levels of browsing was also significant, indicating that repetition of browsing for a second year is effective. Species composition change was minimal, with the appearance of sword fern and removal of Himalayan blackberry from 2006 to 2008.

Acoustic Rhinometric Assessment of the Nasal Valve

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Roithmann ◽  
Jerry Chapnik ◽  
Noe Zamel ◽  
Sergio Menna Barreto ◽  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valve Area

The aims of this study are to assess nasal valve cross-sectional areas in healthy noses and in patients with nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty and to evaluate the effect of an external nasal dilator on both healthy and obstructive nasal valves. Subjects consisted of (i) volunteers with no nasal symptoms, nasal cavities unremarkable to rhinoscopy and normal nasal resistance and (ii) patients referred to our clinic complaining of postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction. All subjects were tested before and after topical decongestion of the nasal mucosa and with an external nasal dilator. In 79 untreated healthy nasal cavities the nasal valve area showed two constrictions: the proximal constriction averaged 0.78 cm2 cross-section and was situated 1.18 cm from the nostril, the distal constriction averaged 0.70 cm2 cross-section at 2.86 cm from the nostril. Mucosal decongestion increased cross-sectional area of the distal constriction significantly (p < 0.0001) but not the proximal. External dilation increased cross-sectional area of both constrictions significantly (p < 0.0001). In 26 post-rhinoplasty obstructed nasal cavities, only a single constriction was detected, averaging 0.34 cm2 cross-section at 2.55 cm from the nostril and 0.4 cm2 at 2.46 cm from the nostril, before and after mucosal decongestion respectively. External dilation increased the minimum cross-sectional area to 0.64 cm2 in these nasal cavities (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the nasal valve area in patients with postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction is significantly smaller than in healthy nasal cavities as shown by acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry objectively determines the structural and mucovascular components of the nasal valve area and external dilation is an effective therapeutical approach in the management of nasal valve obstruction.

Estimation of segmental muscle volume by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Bartok ◽  
Dale A. Schoeller
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Made In

This study validated bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) with Cole-Cole modeled measurements of calf and arm segmental water volume and volume changes during 72 h of simulated microgravity and caloric restriction by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) muscle volume as a criterion method. MRI and BIS measurements of calf and upper arm segments were made in 18 healthy men and women [age, 29 ± 8 (SD) yr; height, 171 ± 11 cm; mass, 71 ± 16 kg] before and after the intervention. Muscle volume of arm and leg segments by MRI was on average 15 ± 10 and 14 ± 8% lower, respectively, than the estimated total water volume by BIS ( P < 0.01), but their correlations were excellent ( r = 0.96 and r = 0.93, respectively). MRI- vs. BIS-predicted volume changes were a decrease of 49 ± 68 vs. 41 ± 62 ml in the calf and a decrease of 18 ± 23 vs. 11 ± 24 ml in the arm, respectively ( P > 0.05 for both). BIS detected the extracellular water shifts in the calf resulting from the head-down tilt treatment, but the underfeeding protocol was not of sufficient duration or intensity to produce limb intracellular water changes detectable by BIS. BIS was highly correlated with segmental muscle volume and tracked changes associated with head-down tilt. Further research, however, is needed to determine whether BIS can accurately access separate changes in intracellular and extracellular volume.

Modeling Measured Glottal Volume Velocity Waveforms

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Verneuil ◽  
Bruce R. Gerratt ◽  
David A. Berry ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
Jody Kreiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Volume Velocity ◽  
Velocity Waveform ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Constant Temperature Anemometer ◽  
Measured Volume ◽  
Made In

The source-filter theory of speech production describes a glottal energy source (volume velocity waveform) that is filtered by the vocal tract and radiates from the mouth as phonation. The characteristics of the volume velocity waveform, the source that drives phonation, have been estimated, but never directly measured at the glottis. To accomplish this measurement, constant temperature anemometer probes were used in an in vivo canine constant pressure model of phonation. A 3-probe array was positioned supraglottically, and an endoscopic camera was positioned subglottically. Simultaneous recordings of airflow velocity (using anemometry) and glottal area (using stroboscopy) were made in 3 animals. Glottal airflow velocities and areas were combined to produce direct measurements of glottal volume velocity waveforms. The anterior and middle parts of the glottis contributed significantly to the volume velocity waveform, with less contribution from the posterior part of the glottis. The measured volume velocity waveforms were successfully fitted to a well-known laryngeal airflow model. A noninvasive measured volume velocity waveform holds promise for future clinical use.

Acoustic rhinometry in dog and cat compared with a fluid-displacement method and magnetic resonance imaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune P. Straszek ◽  
Finn Taagehøj ◽  
Søren Graff ◽  
Ole F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluid Displacement ◽  
Nasal Cavities

An increasing number of studies have used acoustic rhinometry (AR) for study of pharmacological interventions on nasal cavity dimensions in dogs and cats, but there have been no attempts to validate AR in these species. This is done in the present study. We compared area-distance relationships of nasal cavities from five decapitated dogs (3.5–41 kg) and cats (3.8–6 kg). AR was compared with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and a fluid-displacement method (FDM) using perfluorocarbon. AR measured 88% (98–79%) (mean and 95% confidence interval) of nasal cavity volume in dogs determined by FDM and 71% (83–59%) in cats. AR markedly underestimated nasal cavity dimensions when minimum areas were below 0.1 cm2 in dogs and 0.05 cm2 in cats. AR underestimation increased with the severity of the constriction and with distance. Cross-sectional areas in the deeper parts of the cavity measured 76% (99–54%) of FDM in dogs and 52% (66–39%) in cats. AR agreed well with MR, especially in the deeper part of the cavity. MR images showed that the nasal cavities had a very complex structure not expected to be reproduced by AR. MR could not be considered a “gold standard” because definition of the cross-sectional area of the lumen depended critically on subjective choices. FDM produced repeatable measurements and possibly offers the most adequate reference in future evaluation of AR. AR underestimated what we believed were the most correct cross-sectional areas determined by FDM, especially in the deeper part of the dog and cat nasal cavities. Despite these difficulties, AR has been shown to be useful to describe qualitative changes in cross-sectional area.

scholarly journals Clinical and MRI changes ofpuborectalisandiliococcygeusafter a short period of intensive pelvic floor muscles training with or without instrumentation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Dierick ◽  
Ekaterina Galtsova ◽  
Clara Lauer ◽  
Fabien Buisseret ◽  
Anne-France Bouché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Changes ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluates the impact of a 3-week period of intensive pelvic floor muscles training (PFMT), with or without instrumentation, on clinical and static magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes ofpuborectalis(PR) andiliococcygeus(IL) muscles.Methods24 healthy young 5 women were enrolled in the study and 17 achieved the 9 sessions of 30 minutes training exercises and conducted all assessments. Participants were randomly assigned in two training groups: voluntary contractions combined with hypopressive exercises (HYPO) or biofeedback exercises combined with transvaginal electrical stimulations (ELEC). Clinical and T2-weighted MRI assessments io were realized before and after training.ResultsModified Oxford Grading System (MOGS) scores for left PR and perineal body significantly increased in the two groups (p=0.039,p=0.008), but MOGS score for right PR significantly increased only in HYPO (p=0.020). Muscle volumes of right and left IL significantly decreased (p=0.040,p=0.045) after training as well as signal i5 intensities of right and left PR (p=0.040,p=0.021) and thickness of right and left IL at mid-vagina location (p=0.012,p=0.011).ConclusionsA short period of intensive PFMT induces clinical and morphological changes in PFMs at rest suggesting a decrease in IL volume and adipose content of PR. Given the difference in cost and accessibility between HYPO and ELEC approaches, PFMT should be based primarily on non-instrumented exercises.

Effects of paranasal sinus ostia and volume on acoustic rhinometry measurements: a model study

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1527-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Huseyin Çelik ◽  
Mehmet Cankurtaran ◽  
Fuat Buyuklu ◽  
Nuri Özgirgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Distance Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acoustic Resonances ◽  
Sinus Ostium

We used pipe models to investigate the effects of paranasal sinus ostium size and paranasal sinus volume on the area-distance curves derived by acoustic rhinometry (AR). Each model had a Helmholtz resonator or a short neck as a side branch that simulated the paranasal sinus and sinus ostium. The AR-derived cross-sectional areas posterior to the ostium were significantly overestimated. Sinus volume affected the AR measurements only when the sinus was connected via a relatively large ostium. The experimental area-distance curve posterior to the side branch showed pronounced oscillations in association with low-frequency acoustic resonances in this distal part of the pipe. The experimental results are discussed in terms of theoretically calculated “sound-power reflection coefficients” for the pipe models used. The results indicate that the effects of paranasal sinuses and low-frequency acoustic resonances in the posterior part of the nasal cavity are not accounted for in the current AR algorithms. AR does not provide reliable information about sinus ostium size, sinus volume, or cross-sectional area in the distal parts of nasal cavity.

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