A three-dimensional model of the human airway tree

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2207-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Kitaoka ◽  
Ryuji Takaki ◽  
Béla Suki
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deterministic Algorithm ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Airway Tree ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

A three-dimensional (3D) model of the human airway tree is proposed using a deterministic algorithm that can generate a branching duct system in an organ. The algorithm is based on two principles: 1) the amount of fluid delivery through a branch is proportional to the volume of the region it supplies; and 2) the terminal branches are arranged homogeneously within the organ. These principles define the basic process of branching: generation of the dimensions and directionality of two daughter branches is governed by the properties of the parent branch and the region the parent supplies. The algorithm is composed of nine basic rules and four complementary rules. When the contour of an organ and the position of the trunk are specified, branches are successively generated by the algorithm. Applied to the human lung, the algorithm generates an airway tree that consists of ∼54,000 branches. Its morphometric characteristics are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The algorithm and the 3D airway model are useful for studying the structure-function relationship in the lung.

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Model of Human Lung Airway Tree to Study Therapeutics Delivery in the Lungs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435-1445
Author(s):  
Antonio Copploe ◽  
Morteza Vatani ◽  
Jae-Won Choi ◽  
Hossein Tavana
Keyword(s):  
Human Lung ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Airway Tree

Use of a three-dimensional model to predict heavy metal (copper) fluxes in the Oujiang estuary

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Lu ◽  
Ruijie Li ◽  
Xiaoming Xia ◽  
Jun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Good Agreement

Measuring pollutant concentrations in major tributaries is the standard method for establishing pollutant fluxes to the sea. However, this method is costly and difficult, and may be subject to a great deal of uncertainty due to the presence of unknown sources. This uncertainty presents challenges to managers and scientists in reducing contaminant discharges to water bodies. As one less costly method, a three-dimensional model was developed and used to predict pollutant fluxes to the sea. The sorptive contaminant model was incorporated into hydrodynamic and sediment models. Adsorption–desorption of copper by sediments in the Oujiang estuary were described using Henry's law. The model was validated using measured data for water surface elevations, flow velocity/direction, suspended sediment concentrations, and the proportion of copper sorbed to sediment. The validated model was then applied to predict fluxes of copper. Combined with the measured data, the copper concentration in the Oujiang River discharge was calculated as 13.0 μg/L and copper fluxes were calculated as 52 t in 2010. This copper flux prediction was verified using measured dissolved copper concentrations. Comparisons between the modeled and measured results showed good agreement at most stations, demonstrating that copper flux prediction in the Oujiang estuary was reasonably accurate.

A System of Selective Non Catalytic Reduction of NOx for Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yan Xu ◽  
Hai Ying Tian ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
De Zhi Sun ◽  
Shao Li Cai
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Good Agreement

SNCR (Selective Non Catalytic Reduction) system is proposed, with 40% methylamine aqueous solution as reducing agent to reduce NOx in diesel exhaust gas. The effect of injection position and volume on the reduction efficiency through the test bench is systematically researched. A three-dimensional model of a full-sized diesel SNCR system generated by CFD software FIRE is used to investigate the reduction efficiency under different temperatures. The simulated results have a good agreement with the test results, and it can be used to optimize SNCR system. The results can indicate the practical application of this technology.

Intelligent Identification and Locating System of Steel Coil Based on Laser Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 1308-1312
Author(s):  
Yu Chi Wang ◽  
Si Yue Zhou ◽  
Zheng Peng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Circle Fitting ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Steel Coil ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Locating System

In this paper, a solution based on laser technology is proposed for steel coil handling. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of steel coil identification and locating. In this paper, we first use laser data to construct three dimensional model of the worksite. And then we slice up the 3D model repeatedly to get the section images and make them to fusion. In order to wipe off the disturb of line, a line detection method based on probabilistic hough transform is proposed. Finally an improved least square method used in circle fitting is discussed.

Segmentation and analysis of the human airway tree from three-dimensional X-ray CT images

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 940-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Aykac ◽  
E.A. Hoffman ◽  
G. McLennan ◽  
J.M. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Airway Tree

scholarly journals Generation of Novel-Substrate-Accepting Biphenyl Dioxygenases through Segmental Random Mutagenesis and Identification of Residues Involved in Enzyme Specificity

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 2191-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zielinski ◽  
Silke Kahl ◽  
Christine Standfuß-Gabisch ◽  
Beatriz Cámara ◽  
Michael Seeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Random Mutagenesis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Enzyme Specificity ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Wild Type Enzyme ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Burkholderia Xenovorans ◽  
Function Relationship

ABSTRACT Aryl-hydroxylating dioxygenases are of interest for the degradation of persistant aromatic pollutants, such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), or as catalysts for the functionalization of aromatic scaffolds. In order to achieve dioxygenation of technical mixtures of PCBs, enzymes with broadened or altered substrate ranges are essential. To alter the substrate specificity of the biphenyl dioxygenase (BphA) of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, we applied a directed evolution approach that used structure-function relationship data to target random mutageneses to specific segments of the enzyme. The limitation of random amino acid (AA) substitutions to regions that are critical for substrate binding and the exclusion of AA exchanges from positions that are essential for catalytic activity yielded enzyme variants of interest at comparatively high frequencies. After only a single mutagenic cycle, 10 beneficial variants were detected in a library of fewer than 1,000 active enzymes. Compared to the parental BphA, they showed between 5- and 200-fold increased turnover of chlorinated biphenyls, with substituent patterns that rendered them largely recalcitrant to attack by BphA-LB400. Determination of their sequences identified AAs that prevent the acceptance of specific PCBs by the wild-type enzyme, such as Pro334 and Phe384. The results suggest prime targets for subsequent cycles of BphA modification. Correlations with a three-dimensional model of the enzyme indicated that most of the exchanges with major influence on substrate turnover do not involve pocket-lining residues and had not been predictable through structural modeling.

Waves of Acoustically Induced Transparency in Bubbly Liquids: Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Validation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nail A. Gumerov ◽  
Iskander S. Akhatov ◽  
Claus-Dieter Ohl ◽  
Sergei P. Sametov ◽  
Maxim V. Khasimulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Field ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomenon ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Bubbly Liquids ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear ◽  
Induced Transparency ◽  
Good Agreement

Self-organization of bubbles in acoustic fields, or self-action of the acoustic waves in bubbly liquids is a strongly nonlinear phenomenon due to two-way interaction of the bubbles and the acoustic field. Theoretical model and preliminary computations predict that waves of self-induced acoustic transparency may exist. Such effect is confirmed in the experiments presented in this paper. Formation of a wave of void fraction which rapidly propagates through the bubbly medium leaving a region almost free of bubbles behind its front is observed in the experiments. Measurements of the dynamics of such a wave at different acoustic frequencies and amplitudes are carried out. A three dimensional model of self-organization of a polydisperse bubble continuum in acoustic field is developed and the results of simulations are compared with experiments. A good agreement of the theory and experiment is found.

scholarly journals Research on Application of Full Attribute 3D Design Model in Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Xinqian Xu ◽  
Rui Xia ◽  
Lai Xu ◽  
Xiwen Hu
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Process Data ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Research On Application ◽  
Calculation Analysis

In order to take full advantages of the integration of 3D technology graphics and data, this paper proposes the concept of a full-attribute 3D model that satisfies the full-process data application of substation engineering construction. All stages of engineering construction extract the required data from the full-attribute 3D model for calculation, Analysis, statistics, management and other functions, to achieve all-round coverage of three-dimensional data information from design to construction and construction management, laying the foundation for data circulation and management of the entire life cycle of substation projects. A method of applying a full-attribute three- dimensional model for construction, operation and maintenance management is proposed, which lays a foundation for the realization of refined, digital and intelligent project management.

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