The respiratory change in preejection period: a new method to predict fluid responsiveness

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Bendjelid ◽  
Peter M. Suter ◽  
Jacques A. Romand
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Fluid Challenge ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Predict Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Respiratory Change

The accuracy and clinical utility of preload indexes as bedside indicators of fluid responsiveness in patients after cardiac surgery is controversial. This study evaluates whether respiratory changes (Δ) in the preejection period (PEP; ΔPEP) predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients. Sixteen postcoronary artery bypass surgery patients, deeply sedated under mechanical ventilation, were enrolled. PEP was defined as the time interval between the beginning of the Q wave on the electrocardiogram and the upstroke of the radial arterial pressure. ΔPEP (%) was defined as the difference between expiratory and inspiratory PEP measured over one respiratory cycle. We also measured cardiac output, stroke volume index, right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, respiratory change in pulse pressure, systolic pressure variation, and the Δdown component of SPV. Data were measured without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and after application of a PEEP of 10 cmH2O (PEEP10). When PEEP10 induced a decrease of >15% in mean arterial pressure value, then measurements were re-performed before and after volume expansion. Volume loading was done in eight patients. Right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure before volume expansion did not correlate with the change in stroke volume index after the fluid challenge. Systolic pressure variation, ΔPEP, Δdown, and change in pulse pressure before volume expansion correlated with stroke volume index change after fluid challenge ( r2 = 0.52, 0.57, 0.68, and 0.83, respectively). In deeply sedated, mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery, ΔPEP, a new method, can be used to predict fluid responsiveness and hemodynamic response to PEEP10.

Mini-fluid Challenge of 100 ml of Crystalloid Predicts Fluid Responsiveness in the Operating Room

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Biais ◽  
Hugues de Courson ◽  
Romain Lanchon ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Guillaume Bardonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Fluid Challenge ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Ventilated Patients

Abstract Background Mini-fluid challenge of 100 ml colloids is thought to predict the effects of larger amounts of fluid (500 ml) in intensive care units. This study sought to determine whether a low quantity of crystalloid (50 and 100 ml) could predict the effects of 250 ml crystalloid in mechanically ventilated patients in the operating room. Methods A total of 44 mechanically ventilated patients undergoing neurosurgery were included. Volume expansion (250 ml saline 0.9%) was given to maximize cardiac output during surgery. Stroke volume index (monitored using pulse contour analysis) and pulse pressure variations were recorded before and after 50 ml infusion (given for 1 min), after another 50 ml infusion (given for 1 min), and finally after 150 ml infusion (total = 250 ml). Changes in stroke volume index induced by 50, 100, and 250 ml were recorded. Positive fluid challenges were defined as an increase in stroke volume index of 10% or more from baseline after 250 ml. Results A total of 88 fluid challenges were performed (32% of positive fluid challenges). Changes in stroke volume index induced by 100 ml greater than 6% (gray zone between 4 and 7%, including 19% of patients) predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI, 77 to 99%) and a specificity of 85% (95% CI, 73 to 93%). The area under the receiver operating curve of changes in stroke volume index induced by 100 ml was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99) and was higher than those of changes in stroke volume index induced by 50 ml (0.83 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.92]; P = 0.01) and pulse pressure variations (0.65 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.78]; P < 0.005). Conclusions Changes in stroke volume index induced by rapid infusion of 100 ml crystalloid predicted the effects of 250 ml crystalloid in patients ventilated mechanically in the operating room.

Comparison of volume and hemodynamic effects of crystalloid, hydroxyethyl starch, and albumin in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a prospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Toyoda ◽  
Yuichi Maki ◽  
Yasumasa Sakamoto ◽  
Junki Kinoshita ◽  
Risa Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Fluid Challenge ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects

Abstract Background The volume effect of iso-oncotic colloid is supposedly larger than crystalloid, but such differences are dependent on clinical context. The purpose of this study was to compare the volume and hemodynamic effects of crystalloid and colloid during surgical manipulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods Subjects undergoing intraabdominal surgery for malignancies with intraoperative goal-directed fluid management enrolled in this observational study. Fluid challenges consisted with 250 ml of either bicarbonate Ringer solution, 6% hydroxyethyl starch or 5% albumin were provided to maintain optimal stroke volume index. Hematocrit derived-plasma volume and colloid osmotic pressure was determined immediately before and 30 min after the fluid challenge. Data were expressed as median (IQR) and statistically compared with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results One hundred thirty-nine fluid challenges in 65 patients were analyzed. bicarbonate Ringer solution, 6% hydroxyethyl starch and 5% albumin were administered in 42, 49 and 48 instances, respectively. Plasma volume increased 7.3 (3.6–10.0) % and 6.3 (1.4–8.8) % 30 min after the fluid challenge with 6% hydroxyethyl starch and 5% albumin and these values are significantly larger than the value with bicarbonate Ringer solution (1.0 (-2.7-2.3) %) Colloid osmotic pressure increased 0.6 (0.2–1.2) mmHg after the fluid challenge with 6% hydroxyethyl starch and 0.7(0.2–1.3) mmHg with 5% albumin but decreased 0.6 (0.2–1.2) mmHg after the fluid challenge with bicarbonate Ringer solution. The area under the curve of stroke volume index after fluid challenge was significantly larger after 6% hydroxyethyl starch or 5% albumin compared to bicarbonate Ringer solution. Conclusions Fluid challenge with 6% hydroxyethyl starch and 5% albumin showed significantly larger volume and hemodynamic effects compared to bicarbonate Ringer solution during gastrointestinal surgery. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000017964. Registered July 01, 2015

scholarly journals Ability of dynamic preload indices to predict fluid responsiveness in a high femoral-to-radial arterial pressure gradient: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon Ju Kim ◽  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Hye Sun Lee ◽  
Goeun Park ◽  
Eun Jang Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Predict Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
End Stage

Background: Dynamic preload indices may predict fluid responsiveness in end-stage liver disease. However, their usefulness in patients with altered vascular compliance is uncertain. This study is the first to evaluate whether dynamic indices can reliably predict fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing liver transplantation with a high femoral-to-radial arterial pressure gradient (PG).Methods: 80 liver transplant recipients were retrospectively categorized as having a normal (n = 56) or high (n = 24, difference in systolic pressure ≥ 10 mmHg and/or mean pressure ≥ 5 mmHg) femoral-to-radial arterial PG, measured immediately after radial and femoral arterial cannulation. The ability of dynamic preload indices (stroke volume variation, pulse pressure variation [PPV], pleth variability index) to predict fluid responsiveness was assessed before the surgery. Fluid replacement of 500 ml of crystalloid solution was performed over 15 min. Fluid responsiveness was defined as ≥ 15% increase in the stroke volume index. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) indicated the prediction of fluid responsiveness.Results: Fourteen patients in the normal, and eight in the high PG group were fluid responders. The AUCs for PPV in the normal, high PG groups and total patients were 0.702 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.553–0.851, P = 0.008), 0.633 (95% CI 0.384–0.881, P = 0.295) and 0.667 (95% CI 0.537–0.798, P = 0.012), respectively. No other index predicted fluid responsiveness.Conclusion: PPV can be used as a dynamic index of fluid responsiveness in patients with end-stage liver disease but not in patients with altered vascular compliance.

scholarly journals Combination of Static Echocardiographic Indices for the Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing Coronary Surgery: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1886
Author(s):  
Hye-Bin Kim ◽  
Sarah Soh ◽  
Jong-Wook Song ◽  
Min-Yu Kim ◽  
Young-Lan Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fluid Challenge ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Coronary Surgery ◽  
Off Pump ◽  
Diastolic Compliance

We investigated the role of echocardiographic indices consisting of left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA) in combination with Doppler-derived surrogates of diastolic compliance and filling (E/E′, E′/S′, E′/A′; early transmitral flow velocity (E), tissue Doppler-derived early (E′) diastolic, late (A′) diastolic, or peak systolic (S′) velocity of the mitral annulus) in predicting fluid responsiveness in off-pump coronary surgery. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic variables were prospectively assessed under general anesthesia before and after a fluid challenge of 6 mL/kg during apnea at atmospheric pressure in 64 patients with LV ejection fraction ≥40%. Forty patients (63%) were fluid responders (≥15% increase in stroke volume index). E/E′ and E′/S′ could predict fluid responsiveness with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.85; p = 0.006) and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.54–0.82; p = 0.017), respectively. The combination of LVEDA and E/E′ showed incremental predictive ability for fluid responsiveness compared with LVEDA (AUROC, 0.60; p = 0.170) or pulse pressure variation (AUROC, 0.70; p = 0.002), yielding the highest AUROC of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66–0.90; p < 0.001). The combined index of echocardiographic variables reflecting LV dimension (LVEDA) and diastolic compliance and filling (E/E′) is a potentially useful predictor of fluid responsiveness.

Ventricular stroke work indices to predict mortality after successful percutaneous edge-to-edge-repair for severe mitral valve regurgitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Dierks ◽  
R Osteresch ◽  
K Diehl ◽  
A Ben Ammar ◽  
A Fach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Several studies identified predictors of worse clinical outcome despite successful transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR). The capability of invasively measured left and right ventricular stroke work indices (LVSWi, RVSWi) to predict mortality after successful TMVR is unclear. Purpose To assess the impact of LVSWi and RVSWi on mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing TMVR. Methods Consecutive patients (pts.) with CHF (LV ejection fraction ≤50% from any cause) and severe MR who underwent successful TMVR (MR≤2+ at discharge) were included and followed prospectively. Primary endpoint was defined as all-cause mortality during a median follow-up period of 16±9 months. LVSWi was calculated as: Stroke volume index × (mean arterial pressure − postcapillary wedge pressure) × 0.0136 = g/m–1/m2. RVSWi was calculated as: Stroke volume index × (mean pulmonary artery pressure − right atrial pressure) × 0.0136 = g/m–1/m2. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine discriminative capacity of LVSWi and RVSWi. Kaplan-Meier estimate was used for survival analysis. A multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. Results 140 patients (median age 74±9.9 years, 67.9% male) at high operative risk (LogEuro-SCORE 34.6±14.1%) were enrolled. Mean LVSWi and RVSWi were 22.3±10.7 g/m–1/m2 and 8.9±4.1 g/m–1/m2, respectively. 46 pts. died (33.1%). Pts. who died presented higher LogEuro-SCORE (27.8±16.6% vs. 20.1±13.7%; p=0.001), higher levels of NT-proBNP (12121±10602 ng/l vs. 6745±10820 ng/l; p=0.001), higher levels of creatinine (1.8±0.8 mg/dl vs. 1.4±0.8 mg/dl; p&lt;0.001), lower LVSWi (18.9±8.1 g/m–1/m2 vs. 24.0±11.4 g/m–1/m2; p=0.01) and RVSWi (7.8±3.2 g/m–1/m2 vs. 9.4±4.4 g/m–1/m2; p=0.037), respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed that optimal sensitivity and specificity were achieved using a threshold of 24.8 g/m–1/m2 for LVSWi (sensitivity 80.4%, specificity 40.2%, area under the curve (AUC) 0.71 [0.60–0.81]; p=0.001) and 8.3 g/m–1/m2 for RVSWi (sensitivity 67.4%, specificity 57.0%, AUC 0.67 [0.56–0.78]; p=0.006), respectively. At long-term follow-up, a significantly lower survival rate was observed in pts. with LVSWi ≤24.8 g/m–1/m2 (20.0% vs. 39.4%; log-rank p=0.038) and in pts. with RVSWi ≤8.3 g/m–1/m2 (22.1% vs. 43.7%; log-rank p=0.026), respectively. In Cox regression analysis a LVSWi of ≤24.8 g/m–1/m2 and a RVSWi of ≤8.3 g/m–1/m2 were independent predictors for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 2.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 7.6; p=0.04; HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.04 to 6.1; p=0.041). Conclusions LVSWi and RVSWi are associated with mortality among pts. with CHF undergoing successful TMVR for severe MR. A LVSWi cut-off value of &gt;24g/m–1/m2 and a RVSWi cut-off value of &lt;8g/m–1/m2 seem to predict mortality independent of other clinical and echocardiographic factors. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Hospital Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany

scholarly journals OPTIMAL HEMODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE AND CORRELATION WITH STROKE VOLUME INDEX

CHEST Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. A2177
Author(s):  
Francisco Soto ◽  
Carmelo Venero ◽  
Daniel Soto ◽  
Muddassir Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Right Atrial Pressure ◽  
Hemodynamic Assessment

scholarly journals Stroke Volume Variation and Stroke Volume Index Can Predict Fluid Responsiveness after Mini-Volume Challenge Test in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Eun-Jin Moon ◽  
Seunghwan Lee ◽  
Jae-Woo Yi ◽  
Ju Hyun Kim ◽  
Bong-Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Stroke Volume Variation ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Trendelenburg Position ◽  
Reverse Trendelenburg Position ◽  
Volume Challenge

Background and Objectives: For using appropriate goal-directed fluid therapy during the surgical conditions of pneumoperitoneum in the reverse Trendelenburg position, we investigated the predictability of various hemodynamic parameters for fluid responsiveness by using a mini-volume challenge test. Materials and Methods: 42 adult patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. After general anesthesia was induced, CO2 pneumoperitoneum was applied and the patient was placed in the reverse Trendelenburg position. The mini-volume challenge test was carried out with crystalloid 4 mL/kg over 10 min. Hemodynamic parameters, including stroke volume variation (SVV), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), were measured before and after the mini-volume challenge test. The positive fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in stroke volume index ≥10% after the mini-volume challenge. For statistical analysis, a Shapiro–Wilk test was used to test the normality of the data. Continuous variables were compared using an unpaired t-test or the Mann–Whitney rank-sum test. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the predictability of fluid responsiveness after the mini-volume challenge. Results: 31 patients were fluid responders. Compared with the MAP and HR, the SVV, CI, and SVI showed good predictability for fluid responsiveness after the mini-volume challenge test (area under the curve was 0.900, 0.833, and 0.909, respectively; all p-values were <0.0001). Conclusions: SVV and SVI effectively predicted fluid responsiveness after the mini-volume challenge test in patients placed under pneumoperitoneum and in the reverse Trendelenburg position.

scholarly journals Dynamic Indices Fail to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing One-Lung Ventilation for Thoracoscopic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Kwanhoon Choi ◽  
Jae-Kwang Shim ◽  
Dong-Wook Kim ◽  
Chun-Sung Byun ◽  
Ji-Hyoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
One Lung Ventilation ◽  
Predict Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Left Lateral Decubitus Position ◽  
The Right

Thoracic surgery using CO2 insufflation maintains closed-chest one-lung ventilation (OLV) that may provide the necessary heart–lung interaction for the dynamic indices to predict fluid responsiveness. We studied whether pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) can predict fluid responsiveness during thoracoscopic surgery. Forty patients were enrolled in the study. OLV was performed with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg at a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O, while CO2 was insufflated to the contralateral side at 8 mm Hg. Patients whose stroke volume index (SVI) increased ≥15% after fluid challenge (7 mL/kg) were defined as fluid responders. The predictive ability of PPV and SVV on fluid responsiveness was investigated using the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC), which was also assessed according to the right or left lateral decubitus position considering the intrathoracic location of the right-sided superior vena cava. AUROCs of PPV and SVV for predicting fluid responsiveness were 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.47–0.83, p = 0.113) and 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.45–0.82, p = 0.147), respectively. The AUROCs of indices did not exhibit any statistical significance according to position. Dynamic indices of preload cannot predict fluid responsiveness during one-lung ventilation with CO2 gas insufflation.

scholarly journals A proof of principle study of atomoxetine for the prevention of vasovagal syncope: the Prevention of Syncope Trial VI

EP Europace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Sheldon ◽  
Lucy Lei ◽  
Juan C Guzman ◽  
Teresa Kus ◽  
Felix A Ayala-Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Norepinephrine Transporter ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Abstract Aims There are few effective therapies for vasovagal syncope (VVS). Pharmacological norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibition increases sympathetic tone and decreases tilt-induced syncope in healthy subjects. Atomoxetine is a potent and highly selective NET inhibitor. We tested the hypothesis that atomoxetine prevents tilt-induced syncope. Methods and results Vasovagal syncope patients were given two doses of study drug [randomized to atomoxetine 40 mg (n = 27) or matched placebo (n = 29)] 12 h apart, followed by a 60-min drug-free head-up tilt table test. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and cardiac haemodynamics were recorded using non-invasive techniques and stroke volume modelling. Patients were 35 ± 14 years (73% female) with medians of 12 lifetime and 3 prior year faints. Fewer subjects fainted with atomoxetine than with placebo [10/29 vs. 19/27; P = 0.003; risk ratio 0.49 (confidence interval 0.28–0.86)], but equal numbers of patients developed presyncope or syncope (23/29 vs. 21/27). Of patients who developed only presyncope, 87% (13/15) had received atomoxetine. Patients with syncope had lower nadir mean arterial pressure than subjects with only presyncope (39 ± 18 vs. 69 ± 18 mmHg, P < 0.0001), and this was due to lower trough HRs in subjects with syncope (67 ± 30 vs. 103 ± 32 b.p.m., P = 0.006) and insignificantly lower cardiac index (2.20 ± 1.36 vs. 2.84 ± 1.05 L/min/m2, P = 0.075). There were no significant differences in stroke volume index (32 ± 6 vs. 35 ± 5 mL/m2, P = 0.29) or systemic vascular resistance index (2156 ± 602 vs. 1790 ± 793 dynes*s/cm5*m2, P = 0.72). Conclusion Norepinephrine transporter inhibition significantly decreased the risk of tilt-induced syncope in VVS subjects, mainly by blunting reflex bradycardia, thereby preventing final falls in cardiac index and BP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document