scholarly journals MicroRNA 132 alters sleep and varies with time in brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Davis ◽  
James M. Clinton ◽  
Ping Taishi ◽  
Stewart G. Bohnet ◽  
Kimberly A. Honn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Light Phase

MicroRNA (miRNA) levels in brain are altered by sleep deprivation; however, the direct effects of any miRNA on sleep have not heretofore been described. We report herein that intracerebroventricular application of a miRNA-132 mimetic (preMIR-132) decreased duration of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) while simultaneously increasing duration of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) during the light phase. Further, preMIR-132 decreased electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA) during NREMS, an index of sleep intensity. In separate experiments unilateral supracortical application of preMIR-132 ipsilaterally decreased EEG SWA during NREMS but did not alter global sleep duration. In addition, after ventricular or supracortical injections of preMIR-132, the mimetic-induced effects were state specific, occurring only during NREMS. After local supracortical injections of the mimetic, cortical miRNA-132 levels were higher at the time sleep-related EEG effects were manifest. We also report that spontaneous cortical levels of miRNA-132 were lower at the end of the sleep-dominant light period compared with at the end of the dark period in rats. Results suggest that miRNAs play a regulatory role in sleep and provide a new tool for investigating sleep regulation.

Varying photoperiod in the laboratory rat: profound effect on 24-h sleep pattern but no effect on sleep homeostasis

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. R691-R701 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Franken ◽  
I. Tobler ◽  
A. A. Borbely
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Laboratory Rats

To assess the influence of the photoperiod on sleep regulation, laboratory rats were adapted to a long photoperiod (LPP; 16:8-h light-dark cycle, LD 16:8) or a short photoperiod (SPP; LD 8:16). The electroencephalogram (EEG) and cortical temperature (TCRT) were continuously recorded for a baseline day, a 24-h sleep deprivation (SD) period, and a recovery day. Data obtained previously for LD 12:12 served for comparison. Whereas the photoperiod exerted a prominent effect on the 24-h sleep pattern, the 24-h baseline level of sleep and the response to SD were little affected. Recovery from SD was characterized by a marked rise in rapid eye movement sleep, a moderate rise in non-rapid eye movement sleep, and an initial enhancement of EEG slow-wave activity followed by a decrease below baseline. The amplitude and phase of the "unmasked" 24-h component of TCRT did not differ between LPP and SPP. Computer simulations demonstrated that the changes of TCRT and EEG slow-wave activity can be largely accounted for by the sequence of the vigilance states. We conclude that the photoperiod does not affect the basic processes underlying sleep regulation.

scholarly journals Vagotomy attenuates but does not prevent the somnogenic and febrile effects of lipopolysaccharide in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. R406-R411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kapás ◽  
Michael K. Hansen ◽  
Hee-Yoon Chang ◽  
James M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

The role of the vagus nerve in the somnogenic and pyrogenic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied in rats. Control rats ( n= 8) and rats subjected to bilateral subdiaphragmal vagotomy (VX; n = 9) were injected with 100 μg/kg ip LPS at the beginning of the dark period. Sleep and brain temperature (Tbr) were recorded for 23 h after the injections. LPS caused increases in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) for 12 h after the injection in control rats. Sleep intensity, as indicated by the slow-wave activity (SWA) of the electroencephalogram during NREMS, was suppressed. LPS elicited biphasic Tbr responses: an initial hypothermia was followed by increases in Tbr that lasted for ∼20 h. In vagotomized rats, the NREMS responses to LPS were blunted. The magnitude of the LPS-induced NREMS increases was about one-half of that seen in control rats, and these sleep responses lasted only for 6 h. LPS did not affect SWA in VX animals. VX completely abolished the hypothermic responses to LPS and shortened the duration of the hyperthermia. The results suggest that the subdiaphragmal vagi play an important, but not exclusive, role in the somnogenic and pyrogenic actions of intraperitoneally injected LPS.

Interleukin 1 alters rat sleep: temporal and dose-related effects

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. R52-R58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Opp ◽  
F. Obal ◽  
J. M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
High Doses

Rats received various doses of interleukin 1 (IL-1) (range, 0.5-25.0 ng) or pyrogen-free saline intracerebroventricularly during the rest (light) and the active (dark) cycles of the day, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature were determined for 6 h. Low doses of IL-1 (0.5 ng at night, 2.5 ng during the day) increased both the duration of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity during NREMS episodes. Increasing doses of IL-1 had divergent effects on NREMS duration and EEG slow-wave activity, and the direction of the changes depended on the diurnal cycle. Thus NREMS duration was promoted at night and EEG slow-wave amplitudes during the day, whereas NREMS duration during the day and EEG slow-wave amplitudes at night were suppressed after higher doses of IL-1. High doses of IL-1 also induced decreases in rapid-eye-movement sleep during both phases of the day. Each dose of IL-1 that promoted NREMS also tended to increase brain temperature. These results demonstrate that IL-1 promotes NREMS in the rat. However, unlike previously reported findings in rabbits, the circadian rhythm of sleep regulation strongly interferes with the sleep-promoting activity of IL-1 in rats.

scholarly journals The Role of Reproductive Hormones in Sex Differences in Sleep Homeostasis and Arousal Response in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhwan Choi ◽  
Staci J. Kim ◽  
Tomoyuki Fujiyama ◽  
Chika Miyoshi ◽  
Minjeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
Arousal Response

There are various sex differences in sleep/wake behaviors in mice. However, it is unclear whether there are sex differences in sleep homeostasis and arousal responses and whether gonadal hormones are involved in these sex differences. Here, we examined sleep/wake behaviors under baseline condition, after sleep deprivation by gentle handling, and arousal responses to repeated cage changes in male and female C57BL/6 mice that are hormonally intact, gonadectomized, or gonadectomized with hormone supplementation. Compared to males, females had longer wake time, shorter non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) time, and longer rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) episodes. After sleep deprivation, males showed an increase in NREMS delta power, NREMS time, and REMS time, but females showed a smaller increase. Females and males showed similar arousal responses. Gonadectomy had only a modest effect on homeostatic sleep regulation in males but enhanced it in females. Gonadectomy weakened arousal response in males and females. With hormone replacement, baseline sleep in gonadectomized females was similar to that of intact females, and baseline sleep in gonadectomized males was close to that of intact males. Gonadal hormone supplementation restored arousal response in males but not in females. These results indicate that male and female mice differ in their baseline sleep–wake behavior, homeostatic sleep regulation, and arousal responses to external stimuli, which are differentially affected by reproductive hormones.

Effects of interleukin-1β on sleep are mediated by the type I receptor

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. R655-R660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jidong Fang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
James M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a well characterized sleep regulatory substance. To study receptor mechanisms for the sleep-promoting effects of IL-1β, sleep patterns were determined in control and IL-1 type I receptor knockout (IL-1RI KO) mice with a B6x129 background after intraperitoneal injections of saline or murine recombinant IL-1β. The IL-1RI KO mice had slightly but significantly less sleep during the dark period compared with the controls. IL-1β dose dependently increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and suppressed rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) in the controls. The IL-1RI KO mice did not respond to IL-1β. In contrast, the IL-1RI KO mice increased NREMS and decreased REMS after administration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), another well characterized sleep-promoting substance. These results 1) provide further evidence that IL-1β is involved in sleep regulation, 2) indicate that the effects of IL-1β on sleep are mediated by the type I receptor, and 3) suggest that TNF-α is capable of inducing sleep without the involvement of IL-1.

Inhibition of brain interleukin-1 attenuates sleep rebound after sleep deprivation in rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. R677-R682 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Takahashi ◽  
J. Fang ◽  
L. Kapas ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Receptor Fragment ◽  
Physiological Sleep

It is hypothesized that interleukin-1 (IL-1) is involved in physiological sleep. If this hypothesis is correct, inhibition of IL-1 should attenuate sleep responses after sleep deprivation. We tested the effect of intracerebroventricular or intravenous injection of an IL-1 inhibitor, an IL-1 receptor fragment (IL-1RF), on sleep rebound after sleep deprivation in rabbits. Six hours of total sleep deprivation significantly increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and enhanced electroencephalogram slow-wave activity during NREMS. Intracerebroventricular treatment with the IL-1RF (50 micrograms) significantly attenuated the sleep responses after sleep deprivation. Furthermore, 1.0 mg/kg i.v. injection of the IL-1RF significantly suppressed spontaneous NREMS in rabbits that were not sleep deprived. However, intravenous administration of the IL-1RF (1.0 mg/kg) failed to attenuate the sleep responses following the 6-h sleep deprivation period. These results support the hypothesis that central pools of IL-1 are important for physiological sleep regulation.

scholarly journals The anterolateral projections of the medial basal hypothalamus affect sleep

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. R1228-R1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Peterfi ◽  
Gábor B. Makara ◽  
Ferenc Obál ◽  
James M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Delta Activity

The role of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (AH/POA) in sleep regulation was investigated using the Halász knife technique to sever MBH anterior and lateral projections in rats. If both lateral and anterior connections of the MBH were cut, rats spent less time in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). In contrast, if the lateral connections remained intact, the duration of NREMS and REMS was normal. The diurnal rhythm of NREMS and REMS was altered in all groups except the sham control group. Changes in NREMS or REMS duration were not detected in a group with pituitary stalk lesions. Water consumption was enhanced in three groups of rats, possibly due to the lesion of vasopressin fibers entering the pituitary. EEG delta power during NREMS and brain temperatures (Tbr) were not affected by the cuts during baseline or after sleep deprivation. In response to 4 h of sleep deprivation, only one group, that with the most anterior-to-posterior cuts, failed to increase its NREMS or REMS time during the recovery sleep. After deprivation, Tbr returned to baseline in most of the treatment groups. Collectively, results indicate that the lateral projections of the MBH are important determinants of duration of NREMS and REMS, while more anterior projections are concerned with the diurnal distribution of sleep. Further, the MBH projections involved in sleep regulation are distinct from those involved in EEG delta activity, water intake, and brain temperature.

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