scholarly journals Ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake, adiposity, and circulating venous bubbles after diving

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carturan ◽  
A. Boussuges ◽  
P. Vanuxem ◽  
A. Bar-Hen ◽  
H. Burnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Ascent Rate ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Log Linear

Decompression sickness in diving is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, depending on several factors, such as decompression rate and individual susceptibility. The Doppler ultrasonic detection of circulating venous bubbles after diving is considered a useful index for the safety of decompression because of the relationship between bubbles and decompression sickness risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max), and percent body fat on the production of bubbles after diving. Fifty male recreational divers performed two dives at 35 m during 25 min and then ascended in one case at 9 m/min and in the other case at 17 m/min. They performed the same decompression stops in the two cases. Twenty-eight divers were Doppler monitored at 10-min intervals, until 60 min after surfacing, and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the effect of ascent rate on the kinetics of bubbles. Twenty-two divers were monitored 60 min after surfacing. The effect on bubble production 60 min after surfacing of the four variables was studied in 47 divers. The data were analyzed by multinomial log-linear model. The analysis showed that the 17 m/min ascent produced more elevated grades of bubbles than the 9 m/min ascent ( P < 0.05), except at the 40-min interval, and showed relationships between grades of bubbles and ascent rate and age and interaction terms betweenV˙o 2 max and age, as well asV˙o 2 max and percent body fat. Younger, slimmer, or aerobically fitter divers produced fewer bubbles compared with older, fatter, or poorly physically fit divers. These findings and the conclusions of previous studies performed on animals and humans led us to support that ascent rate, age, aerobic fitness, and adiposity are factors of susceptibility for bubble formation after diving.

Abstract 3555: Increased Fatness and Reduced Fitness are Associated with Aortic Stiffness in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry J Stewart ◽  
Brian H George ◽  
Kristina Potrekus ◽  
Anita C Bacher ◽  
Harry A Silber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
And Gender

Background: Large artery stiffness, thought to be a marker of cardiovascular disease, is accelerated in persons with diabetes and hypertension. While reduced fatness and increased fitness are associated with lower BP, we tested the hypothesis that increased fatness and reduced fitness are each independently associated with greater aortic stiffness. Methods: Sedentary subjects (M=60; F=29), mean (SD) age 57.1 (5.8) years, were examined at baseline as part of an exercise training study to reduce BP in persons with type 2 diabetes. Subjects were taking their usual medical therapy. For BP eligibility, subjects were required to have SBP between 120–159 and/or DBP between 80–99 mm Hg during 2 consecutive weekly visits. BP was the mean of the screening visits and a visit after qualification for the study. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), using ultrasound probes simultaneously at each of these sites. General fatness was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and expressed as percent body fat. Abdominal fatness was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at the level of the umbilicus and the areas for total, subcutaneous, and visceral fat were measured. Maximal oxygen uptake was obtained on a treadmill. The associations of PWV with BP, oxygen uptake, and abdominal fat were determined by stepwise regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. Results: PWV was 922.9 (300.0) msec, SBP was 126.9 (13.2) mm Hg, DBP was 71.8 (8.8) mm Hg, pulse pressure (PP) was 55.0 (10.4) mm Hg, percent body fat was 35.0 (6.5) %, and maximal oxygen uptake was 21.7 (5.0) ml/kg/min. In the final model, the variance in PWV was accounted for by increased PP, 8.9%; increased abdominal visceral fat accounted for an additional 6.2%; increased percent body fat, an additional 3%; and decreased maximal oxygen uptake, an additional 5.6%. Conclusions: These data bring to light an independent relationship of aortic stiffness with increased fatness and reduced fitness. Though further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking aortic stiffness, fatness, and fitness, these findings support the need for a therapeutic approach for reducing aortic stiffness that considers the potential benefits of weight reduction and exercise.

scholarly journals Body fat does not affect venous bubble formation after air dives of moderate severity: theory and experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico A. M. Schellart ◽  
Tjeerd P. van Rees Vellinga ◽  
Rob A. van Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Gas Embolism ◽  
Blood Compartment ◽  
In Series ◽  
Venous Gas Embolism

For over a century, studies on body fat (BF) in decompression sickness and venous gas embolism of divers have been inconsistent. A major problem is that age, BF, and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) show high multicollinearity. Using the Bühlmann model with eight parallel compartments, preceded by a blood compartment in series, nitrogen tensions and loads were calculated with a 40 min/3.1 bar (absolute) profile. Compared with Haldanian models, the new model showed a substantial delay in N2 uptake and (especially) release. One hour after surfacing, an increase of 14–28% in BF resulted in a whole body increase of the N2 load of 51%, but in only 15% in the blood compartment. This would result in an increase in the bubble grade of only 0.01 Kisman-Masurel (KM) units at the scale near KM = I−. This outcome was tested indirectly by a dry dive simulation (air breathing) with 53 male divers with a small range in age and V̇o2max to suppress multicollinearity. BF was determined with the four-skinfold method. Precordial Doppler bubble grades determined at 40, 80, 120, and 160 min after surfacing were used to calculate the Kisman Integrated Severity Score and were also transformed to the logarithm of the number of bubbles/cm2 (logB). The highest of the four scores yielded logB = −1.78, equivalent to KM = I−. All statistical outcomes of partial correlations with BF were nonsignificant. These results support the model outcomes. Although this and our previous study suggest that BF does not influence venous gas embolism (Schellart NAM, van Rees Vellinga TP, van Dijk FH, Sterk W. Aviat Space Environ Med 83: 951–957, 2012), more studies with different profiles under various conditions are needed to establish whether BF remains (together with age and V̇o2max) a basic physical characteristic or will become less important for the medical examination and for risk assessment.

Gender differences in whole-body fat oxidation kinetics during exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Chenevière ◽  
Fabio Borrani ◽  
David Sangsue ◽  
Boris Gojanovic ◽  
Davide Malatesta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Oxidation Rates

Discrepancies appear in studies comparing fat oxidation between men and women. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively describe and compare whole-body fat oxidation kinetics between genders during exercise, using a sinusoidal (SIN) model. Twelve men and 11 women matched for age, body mass index, and aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen uptake and maximal power output per kilogram of fat-free mass (FFM)) performed submaximal incremental tests (Incr) with 5-min stages and a 7.5% maximal power output increment on a cycle ergometer. Fat oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry, and plotted as a function of exercise intensity. The SIN model, which includes 3 independent variables (dilatation, symmetry, translation) that account for the main quantitative characteristics of kinetics, was used to mathematically describe fat oxidation kinetics and to determine the intensity (Fatmax) eliciting the maximal fat oxidation (MFO). During Incr, women exhibited greater fat oxidation rates from 35% to 85% maximal oxygen uptake, MFO (6.6 ± 0.9 vs. 4.5 ± 0.3 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1), and Fatmax (58.1% ± 1.9% vs. 50.0% ± 2.7% maximal oxygen uptake) than men (p < 0.05). While men and women showed similar global shapes of fat oxidation kinetics in terms of dilatation and symmetry (p > 0.05), the fat oxidation curve tended to be shifted toward higher exercise intensities in women (rightward translation, p = 0.08). These results support the idea that women have a greater reliance on fat oxidation than men during submaximal exercise, but also indicate that this greater fat oxidation is shifted toward higher exercise intensities in women than in men.

scholarly journals Body Fat Percentage Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry is Associated with Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Japanese

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Miyatake ◽  
Motohiko Miyachi ◽  
Izumi Tabata ◽  
Takeyuki Numata
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
X Ray

Circulating Venous Bubbles in Recreational Diving: Relationships with Age, Weight, Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Body Fat Percentage

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carturan ◽  
A. Boussuges ◽  
H. Burnet ◽  
J. Fondarai ◽  
P. Vanuxem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Recreational Diving

Metabolic equivalent concept in apparently healthy men: a re-examination of the standard oxygen uptake value of 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1115-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Cunha ◽  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Rafael Montenegro ◽  
Ricardo B. Oliveira ◽  
Paulo T.V. Farinatti
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Specific Prediction ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This study compared resting oxygen uptake (V̇O2) with the standard metabolic equivalent (MET) value of 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1, tested the accuracy of a previously published prediction model for resting V̇O2, and proposed a new prediction model for a more homogeneous population. One hundred and twenty-five apparently healthy men, aged 17–38 years, visited the laboratory for the assessment of resting V̇O2. The mean resting V̇O2 of 3.21 mL·kg−1·min−1 (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.13 to 3.30) was significantly lower than the standard MET value of 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 (mean difference, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.37; t = 6.7; p < 0.001). The prediction model proposed by a previous study, derived from a heterogeneous sample, exhibited no predictive ability in our more homogeneous sample. However, our population-specific regression model, which included body surface area and percent body fat as predictors, demonstrated relatively poor predictive ability, with a low R2 (0.22) and high standard error of the estimate (0.42 mL·kg−1·min−1). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for body surface area and resting V̇O2, and for percent body fat and resting V̇O2, were 0.20 (p = 0.022) and –0.36 (p < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the standard MET value of 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 considerably overestimates mean resting V̇O2 in a relatively large group of apparently healthy men. Our population-specific prediction model for resting V̇O2 demonstrated relatively poor accuracy, although it was considerably more accurate than the previously published model. Further research needs to be conducted to establish accurate population-specific prediction models.

Analysis on the Differences of Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake between Sports and Non-Sports Male Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Better Than

Purpose: In order to further study the physical differences between sports major and non-sport major male students, and better carry out individualized physical education. Methods: Body composition analyzer and power cycling were used to test body composition and maximal oxygen uptake for sports major and non-sport major male students. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0, and compared among the groups by t test. Results: The results showed that the percentage of body fat of sports majors was 10.57 ± 3.07 %, non-sport major male students’ body fat percentage was 17.66 ± 6.28 % (P<0.05), and sports majors male students’ protein content was 13.25 ± 0.64 kg, non-sport major students’ protein content was 10.98 ± 1.15 kg (P<0.05). Sports majors students’ body fluid content and maximal oxygen uptake was significantly higher than non-sport major male students (P<0.05). in addition, other indexes of body composition, sports major students were better than that of non-sport major students, but they showed no significant differences. Conclusion: This study showed that long term training engaged in sports majors students’ protein content, and body fluid content aspects were significantly higher than that of non-sport major male students and aerobic capacity was significantly better than the non-sport major students.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NORDIC WALKING ON BODY COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITY: A CASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Jelena Ivanović ◽  
Aco Gajević ◽  
Ivanka Gajić ◽  
Dragan Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Fitness Index

The main goal of this research is to determine effect of the ten–weeks-long programmed Nordic Walking (NW) exercising to body composition and functional ability on 68 old year woman. For the evaluation of body composition, the following variables were obtained using the Bioelectric Impedance: Body mass, Body Mass Index, Body Fat Mass, Percentage of the Body Fat Mass and Fat Free Mass. For the evaluation of the functional capability, the UKK 2 km test was used and the following variables were followed: Maximal oxygen uptake and Fitness index. The program was based on aerobic exercise, with the aim of adjusting the body to physical exercise and training to improve muscle strength. The program consisted of a combination of NW and exercises for warming up, tightening and strengthening of the complete musculature. The results showed significant improvements in all observed characteristics, especially in functional parameters. Maximal oxygen uptake and Fitness index, in the end, compared to the initial measurement, improved by almost 61% (from 17.91 ml/kg/min to 29.62 ml/kg/min) and 63% (from 68 at 109). In addition, the results showed that the trend of changes in all observed characteristics has a significant increase at the level of 89.88% (for Fat free mass) to 98.73% (Fitness index). Continued application of the proposed program could contribute to the improvement of the examined variables related to body composition and functional capacity, which can result in better health status of the target population.

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