Abstract 3555: Increased Fatness and Reduced Fitness are Associated with Aortic Stiffness in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry J Stewart ◽  
Brian H George ◽  
Kristina Potrekus ◽  
Anita C Bacher ◽  
Harry A Silber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
And Gender

Background: Large artery stiffness, thought to be a marker of cardiovascular disease, is accelerated in persons with diabetes and hypertension. While reduced fatness and increased fitness are associated with lower BP, we tested the hypothesis that increased fatness and reduced fitness are each independently associated with greater aortic stiffness. Methods: Sedentary subjects (M=60; F=29), mean (SD) age 57.1 (5.8) years, were examined at baseline as part of an exercise training study to reduce BP in persons with type 2 diabetes. Subjects were taking their usual medical therapy. For BP eligibility, subjects were required to have SBP between 120–159 and/or DBP between 80–99 mm Hg during 2 consecutive weekly visits. BP was the mean of the screening visits and a visit after qualification for the study. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), using ultrasound probes simultaneously at each of these sites. General fatness was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and expressed as percent body fat. Abdominal fatness was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at the level of the umbilicus and the areas for total, subcutaneous, and visceral fat were measured. Maximal oxygen uptake was obtained on a treadmill. The associations of PWV with BP, oxygen uptake, and abdominal fat were determined by stepwise regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. Results: PWV was 922.9 (300.0) msec, SBP was 126.9 (13.2) mm Hg, DBP was 71.8 (8.8) mm Hg, pulse pressure (PP) was 55.0 (10.4) mm Hg, percent body fat was 35.0 (6.5) %, and maximal oxygen uptake was 21.7 (5.0) ml/kg/min. In the final model, the variance in PWV was accounted for by increased PP, 8.9%; increased abdominal visceral fat accounted for an additional 6.2%; increased percent body fat, an additional 3%; and decreased maximal oxygen uptake, an additional 5.6%. Conclusions: These data bring to light an independent relationship of aortic stiffness with increased fatness and reduced fitness. Though further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking aortic stiffness, fatness, and fitness, these findings support the need for a therapeutic approach for reducing aortic stiffness that considers the potential benefits of weight reduction and exercise.

scholarly journals Exercise Is Required for Visceral Fat Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Giannopoulou ◽  
L. L. Ploutz-Snyder ◽  
R. Carhart ◽  
R. S. Weinstock ◽  
B. Fernhall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat

This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise without weight loss, a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet, and diet plus exercise (D+E) on total abdominal and visceral fat loss in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-three postmenopausal women (body mass index, 34.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were assigned to one of three interventions: a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet alone, exercise alone (EX), and D+E for 14 wk. Aerobic capacity, body composition, abdominal fat distribution (magnetic resonance imaging), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were measured pre- and postintervention. Body weight (∼4.5 kg) and percent body fat (∼5%) were decreased (P < 0.05) with the D and D+E intervention, whereas only percent body fat (∼2.3%) decreased with EX. Total abdominal fat and sc adipose tissue (SAT) were reduced with the D and D+E interventions (P < 0.05), whereas visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased with the D+E and EX intervention, but not with the D intervention. EX resulted in a reduction in total abdominal fat, VAT, and SAT (P < 0.05) despite the lack of weight loss. The reductions in total abdominal fat and SAT explained 32.7% and 9.7%, respectively, of the variability in the changes in fasting glucose levels, whereas the reductions in VAT explained 15.9% of the changes in fasting insulin levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, modest weight loss, through either D or D+E, resulted in similar improvements in total abdominal fat, SAT, and glycemic status in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes; however, the addition of exercise to diet is necessary for VAT loss. These data demonstrate the importance of exercise in the treatment of women with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake, adiposity, and circulating venous bubbles after diving

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carturan ◽  
A. Boussuges ◽  
P. Vanuxem ◽  
A. Bar-Hen ◽  
H. Burnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Ascent Rate ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Log Linear

Decompression sickness in diving is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, depending on several factors, such as decompression rate and individual susceptibility. The Doppler ultrasonic detection of circulating venous bubbles after diving is considered a useful index for the safety of decompression because of the relationship between bubbles and decompression sickness risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max), and percent body fat on the production of bubbles after diving. Fifty male recreational divers performed two dives at 35 m during 25 min and then ascended in one case at 9 m/min and in the other case at 17 m/min. They performed the same decompression stops in the two cases. Twenty-eight divers were Doppler monitored at 10-min intervals, until 60 min after surfacing, and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the effect of ascent rate on the kinetics of bubbles. Twenty-two divers were monitored 60 min after surfacing. The effect on bubble production 60 min after surfacing of the four variables was studied in 47 divers. The data were analyzed by multinomial log-linear model. The analysis showed that the 17 m/min ascent produced more elevated grades of bubbles than the 9 m/min ascent ( P < 0.05), except at the 40-min interval, and showed relationships between grades of bubbles and ascent rate and age and interaction terms betweenV˙o 2 max and age, as well asV˙o 2 max and percent body fat. Younger, slimmer, or aerobically fitter divers produced fewer bubbles compared with older, fatter, or poorly physically fit divers. These findings and the conclusions of previous studies performed on animals and humans led us to support that ascent rate, age, aerobic fitness, and adiposity are factors of susceptibility for bubble formation after diving.

scholarly journals Leptin and Body Fat in Type 2 Diabetes and Monodrug Therapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1543-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Sivitz ◽  
Sheila M. Wayson ◽  
Margaret L. Bayless ◽  
Linda F. Larson ◽  
Christine Sinkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Mild Diabetes ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Plasma Leptin

To better understand the relations among leptin, insulin, and body fat during the metabolic progression to diabetes and during drug monotherapy, metabolic parameters were examined in subjects classified as 1) type 2 diabetes; 2) impaired fasting glucose or mild diabetes mellitus; 3) nondiabetic, matched for body mass index (BMI); and 4) nonobese, nondiabetic. Diabetic subjects were also studied during no pharmacological treatment, after 3 months of randomization to metformin or glyburide, and after 3 months of cross-over to the opposite drug. Log leptin correlated more with percent body fat (slope, 0.042; confidence interval, 0.036–0.047; r2 = 0.826; P &lt; 0.0001) than with total fat mass, percent truncal or nontruncal fat, or BMI. When normalized to percent fat, leptin did not differ by gender. Leptin normalized to percent fat was 35% less in untreated diabetes than that in BMI-matched controls (P &lt; 0.001). Leptin normalized to percent fat was increased by 25% (P &lt; 0.01) as a result of glyburide therapy compared with pretreatment values, but was unchanged by therapy with metformin. Across a spectrum of subjects with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose/mild diabetes, or BMI-matched nondiabetic controls, normalized leptin significantly correlated with glucose-induced insulin release, but not with insulin sensitivity. Our data suggest that plasma leptin is reduced in untreated type 2 diabetes probably as a consequence of reduced insulin secretion and that circulating leptin concentrations are differentially affected by monodrug therapy.

scholarly journals The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Combination with Individualized Lifestyle and Therapeutic Recommandations on Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Anca-Elena Crăciun ◽  
Cornelia Bala ◽  
Cristian Crăciun ◽  
Gabriela Roman ◽  
Carmen Georgescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Visceral Fat Area

Abstract Background and aims. The aim of our research was to evaluate the impact of short-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control evaluated by HbA1c and within-day glucose variability. We also assessed if the initiation of insulin therapy in conjunction with lifestyle recommendations may prevent the weight gain. Materials and method. We included 28 patients with type 2 diabetes with 2 consecutive CGMS recordings available (baseline and follow-up) and for which were collected data on weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage (%) of body fat, visceral fat area, HbA1c and glycemic variability. Results. The HbA1c decreased significantly from 8.8% at baseline to 7.3% at follow-up (p <0.0001) in the whole group, and from 10.5% to 7.5% in the subgroup for which the insulin therapy was initiated at baseline (p=0.011). The BMI, % body fat and visceral fat area decreased significantly from 29.2 kg/m2 to 28.4 kg/m2; from 32.3% to 30.4%; and from 141.6 to 129.3 (cm2), respectively. No increase of these parameters was observed in the subgroup for which the insulin therapy was initiated at baseline. Conclusion. The use of CGMS in combination with individualized lifestyle and therapeutic recommendations may have a beneficial effect on glycemic control and may prevent the weight gain associated with insulin initiation.

scholarly journals Association of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet with Excess Body Mass, Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Overweight or Obese Adults with or without Type 2 Diabetes: Two Cross-Sectional Studies

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Amy Buchanan ◽  
Anthony Villani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Overweight and obesity in older adults is associated with disability and is exacerbated by the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There is emerging evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) reduces adiposity and attenuates physical disability. These cross-sectional studies explored the associations of adherence to a MedDiet with body mass index (BMI), adiposity, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults without diabetes and in middle-aged or older adults with T2DM. MedDiet adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener. Fat mass and percent body fat were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was assessed using hand-grip strength, while physical performance was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery and gait speed. A total of n = 87 participants with T2DM (T2DM sample: 71.2 ± 8.2 years, BMI: 29.5 ± 5.9) and n = 65 participants without diabetes (non-T2DM sample: 68.7 ± 5.6 years, BMI: 33.7 ± 4.9) were included in these analyses. In the T2DM sample, when controlled for age, gender, and appendicular lean mass index, adherence to a MedDiet was inversely associated with BMI, fat mass, and percent body fat. However, this was no longer maintained in the fully adjusted models. Although, adherence to a MedDiet was positively associated with gait speed (β = 0.155; p = 0.050) independent of all covariates used. Adherence to a MedDiet may be a suitable dietary strategy for preserving lower body physical function in middle-aged and older adults with T2DM. However, these findings should be further investigated using well-designed randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with a wider range of adherence scores to investigate temporal associations.

scholarly journals Assessment of obesity and visceral fat in diabetic nephropathy patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Prafull Chandra ◽  
Balaji D. More ◽  
Anju B. More
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common diabetic microvascular complication that typically develops after 10 years of diabetes diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and visceral fat in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) cases with nephropathy and without-nephropathy complication.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed on the basis of biochemical tests of urine albumin, serum creatinine, eGFR, BP, and clinical assessment in patients with T2D. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy estimated and the association between adiposity and diabetic nephropathy in patients T2D was evaluated. Measures of adiposity included body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage and visceral fat percentage. Analysis of variance indicate difference in the various fat analysis parameters in presence and absence of nephropathy. PROC GLM procedure in the SAS Software was used for statistical calculations.Results: A total of 247 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 53.46±11.62 years; 39.5% females) were enrolled in this study. The participants were grouped as with Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) 41.60% (N=99) and without Diabetic Nephropathy (NDN) 58.40% (N=139). The comparison of DN and Non-DN groups showed no significant difference in the BMI, body and visceral fat, muscle mass percentage. Conclusions: Irrespective of the nephropathy status the body fat and visceral fat percentage is increased, and the muscle mass percentage is decreased in diabetes patients. As both obesity and diabetes contribute to the development and progression of renal disease, measures should to taken to reduce the body fat.

1019-P: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Predominantly Reduce Body Fat Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1019-P
Author(s):  
YUKI FUJITA ◽  
SODAI KUBOTA ◽  
HITOSHI KUWATA ◽  
DAISUKE YABE ◽  
YOSHIYUKI HAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1
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