Insulin-like growth factor-2 genotype, fat-free mass, and muscle performance across the adult life span

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 2176-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Schrager ◽  
Stephen M. Roth ◽  
Robert E. Ferrell ◽  
E. Jeffrey Metter ◽  
Estelle Russek-Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Total Body

The influence of insulin-like growth factor-2 ( IGF2) genotype on total body fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength, and sustained power (SP) was evaluated repeatedly at ∼2-yr intervals in two cohorts from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Cohort 1 was comprised of 94 men tested for isometric grip strength and SP. Cohort 2 was comprised of 246 men and 239 women tested for total body FFM and isokinetic peak torque. Subjects were retrospectively genotyped for the IGF2 gene's ApaI polymorphism. Differences between genotype groups for total FFM, strength, and SP at first visit, at peak age (35 yr), at age 65, and across the adult age span were analyzed using either two-sample t-tests or mixed-effects models, depending on the specific comparisons made. Isokinetic arm strength at the time of first visit was lower in A/A men than in G/G men ( P < 0.05). Compared with G/G women, A/A women had lower total body FFM, lower isokinetic arm and leg strength at the time of first visit, and lower values at age 35 (all P < 0.05) for these muscle phenotypes. Furthermore, this difference between the genotype groups was maintained at age 65 and across the adult age span ( P < 0.05). No genotype-associated differences in rates of loss of grip strength or SP were found in cohort 1. These results from cohort 2 support the hypothesis that variation within a gene known to influence developing muscle affects muscle mass and muscle function in later life.

MUSCULAR STRENGTH ACROSS THE ADULT LIFE SPAN IS INFLUENCED BY INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-2 (IGF2) GENOTYPE.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. S131
Author(s):  
M A. Schrager ◽  
S M. Roth ◽  
R E. Ferrell ◽  
E J. Metter ◽  
N A. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Adult Life Span

Expression levels of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2) in the human liver: developmental relationships of the four promoters

1996 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Li ◽  
H Cui ◽  
B Sandstedt ◽  
H Nordlinder ◽  
E Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Factor Ii

Abstract We have studied the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2) promoter usage in normal human liver from fetal to late adult life by quantifying the specific transcripts by RNase protection assays using exon-specific probes. While the fetal liver uses only three promoters (P2, P3, P4) for the transcription of IGF2, all four promoters can be used from the age of 2 months after birth. The levels of the individual promoter transcripts vary substantially during development and the P3 promoter, which is a highly active fetal promoter, was not used by all the investigated adult patients but was detected in 30% of the adult group as a whole. The PI promoter, which has previously been considered as the only one responsible for IGF2 transcription in the postnatal/adult liver, displayed a trend of increasing relative and absolute activity throughout life, but in some adult cases it was found to be less active than the P4 promoter. The P4 promoter displayed an age-related trend of decreasing activity from a very high fetal level, but individual exceptions were apparent. The P2 promoter transcript, peaking at the age of 2 months, showed a relatively even absolute amount from 18 months onwards. Thus, while P2 and P3 were both found to reach their highest activity after birth, the P4 promoter displayed its highest transcription at the fetal stage. The total IGF2 transcription, primarily from P2, P3 and P4, was found to peak shortly after birth. After this age, the P3 promoter transcript declined most rapidly and a low or zero amount was detected in adulthood. From the age of 18 months to old adulthood the total IGF2 mRNA, derived primarily from P1, P2 and P4, displayed a relatively even amount (approximately one tenth) of that seen at the peak at 2 months. This data may be important in relation to translatability of the various IGF2 transcripts. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 117–124

Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Is Positively Associated with Growth and Cognition in 6- to 9-Year-Old Schoolchildren from Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412
Author(s):  
Benedikte Grenov ◽  
Anni Larnkjær ◽  
Reginald Lee ◽  
Anja Serena ◽  
Christian Mølgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Double Blind

ABSTRACT Background Milk intake stimulates linear growth and improves cognition in children from low-income countries. These effects may be mediated through insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Objective The objective was to assess the effect of milk supplement on circulating IGF-1 and to assess IGF-1 as a correlate of growth and cognition in children. Methods Secondary data on blood spot IGF-1 from a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 6–9-y-old children from rural Ghana were analyzed. Intervention groups received porridge with non–energy-balanced supplements: 8.8 g milk protein/d, 100 kcal/d (Milk8); 4.4 g milk and 4.4 g rice protein/d, 100 kcal/d (Milk/rice); 4.4 g milk protein/d, 48 kcal/d (Milk4); or a control (no protein, 10 kcal/d). IGF-1, length, body composition, and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were measured at 3.5 or 8.5 mo. Linear regressions were used to assess the effect of milk interventions on IGF-1 and IGF-1 as a correlate of growth and cognition. Results The increase in IGF-1 was 15.3 (95% CI: 3.3, 27.3) ng/mL higher in children receiving Milk8 compared with the control. The IGF-1 increases in the isonitrogenous, isoenergetic Milk/rice or the Milk4 groups were not different from the control (P ≥ 0.49). The increase in IGF-1 was associated with improvements in 4 out of 5 CANTAB domains. The strongest associations included reductions in “mean correct latency” from Pattern Recognition Memory and “pre-extradimensional (pre-ED) shift errors” from Intra/Extradimensional Set Shift (P ≤ 0.005). In addition, change in IGF-1 was positively associated with changes in height, weight, and fat-free mass (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Intake of skimmed milk powder corresponding to one, but not half a glass of milk on school days stimulates IGF-1 in 6–9-y-old Ghanian children. IGF-1 seems to mediate the effect of milk intake on growth and cognition. The association between IGF-1 and cognition in relation to milk intake is novel and opens possibilities for dietary interventions to improve cognition.

Measurement Invariance of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale Across Age and Sex Across the Adult Life Span

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Argyriou ◽  
Miji Um ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Melissa A. Cyders
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Impulsive personality is a widely used construct for the prediction of multiple clinical problems; however, research has often disregarded important differences in its conceptualization and measurement across age and sex. The goals of this article are to test the invariance of, to compare mean differences in, and to examine the differential validity of the Urgency (negative), Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, with added subscale of Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) Impulsive Behavior Scale across adult age and sex. The data for this study were obtained from 799 participants in the Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland Sample. Multigroup invariance analysis indicated full invariance of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale across age and sex. However, invariance analysis as a function of age using Multiple-Indicators Multiple-Causes modeling identified three items with differential item functioning. Sensation Seeking was higher in males and lower as age increased. In general, age and sex did not moderate the relationships between UPPS-P traits and risk-taking behaviors, with the exception of cannabis use. Overall, the results of this study support that the UPPS-P scale can be validly used to assess and compare impulsive personality across the adult life span and sex. We suggest the removal of Items 5, 28, and 51 when using the UPPS-P with older adults to be overly cautious to age invariance effects.

scholarly journals ACTN3 genotype is associated with muscle phenotypes in women across the adult age span

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1486-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Walsh ◽  
Dongmei Liu ◽  
E. Jeffrey Metter ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Stephen M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometry ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Adult Volunteers

The R577X polymorphism in the α-actinin-3 encoding gene ( ACTN3) has been associated with elite athletic performance, and recently with differences in isometric and dynamic muscle strength and power in the general population. In this study we sought to determine the association of ACTN3 R577X genotype with muscle strength and mass phenotypes in men and women across the adult age span. Eight hundred forty-eight ( n = 848) adult volunteers (454 men and 394 women) aged 22–90 yr were genotyped for ACTN3 R577X. Knee extensor (KE) shortening and lengthening peak torque values were determined using isokinetic dynamometry and fat-free mass (FFM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Women deficient in α-actinin-3 (X/X; n = 53) displayed lower KE shortening peak torque (30°/s: 89.5 ± 3.5 vs. 99.3 ± 1.4 N·m, P = 0.011; 180°/s: 60.3 ± 2.6 vs. 67.0 ± 1.0 N·m, P = 0.019) and KE lengthening peak torque (30°/s: 122.8 ± 5.7 vs. 137.0 ± 2.2 N·m, P = 0.022; 180°/s: 121.8 ± 5.8 vs. 138.5 ± 2.2 N·m, P = 0.008) compared with R/X + R/R women ( n = 341). Women X/X homozygotes also displayed lower levels of both total body FFM (38.9 ± 0.5 vs. 40.1 ± 0.2 kg, P = 0.040) and lower limb FFM (11.9 ± 0.2 vs. 12.5 ± 0.1 kg, P = 0.044) compared with R/X + R/R women. No genotype-related differences were observed in men. In conclusion, our results indicate that the absence of α-actinin-3 protein (i.e., ACTN3 X/X genotype) influences KE peak torque and FFM in women but not men.

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Mitigates Hematopoietic Toxicity After Lethal Total Body Irradiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunhua Zhou ◽  
Divino Deoliveira ◽  
Yubin Kang ◽  
Seung S. Choi ◽  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Hematopoietic Toxicity ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Mitigates Hematopoietic Toxicity After Lethal Total Body Irradiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. S198
Author(s):  
Dunhua Zhou ◽  
Divino Deoliveira ◽  
Yubin Kang ◽  
Seung S. Choi ◽  
Nelson J. Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Hematopoietic Toxicity ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals The effects of acute and chronic protein depletion and accretion on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1, fibronectin and total protein for ruminants nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Liu ◽  
N. A. Macleod ◽  
Q. J. Luo ◽  
X. B. Chen ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
N Content ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Depletion ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
N Input ◽  
Total Body

The relationships of N input or protein status and the concentrations of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), plasma fibronectin (FN) and total protein (TP) were examined in three experiments with steers and sheep nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. In Expt 1, three steers (340 kg live weight) were infused with three levels of volatile fatty acids (0, 300 and 600 kJ/kg metabolic weight (W0.75) per d) and six levels of casein (0, 200, 400, 650, 1500 and 2500 mg N/kg W0.75 per d). Each N treatment was imposed for 5 d. In Expts 2 and 3, five groups of sheep (about 35 kg live weight) were infused with casein at 500 mg N/kg W0.75 per d for 2 weeks followed by 1500, 500 or 50 mg N/kg W0.75 per d in Expt 2, and in Expt 3, with 100 mg N/kg W0.75 per d for 6 weeks or 10 mg N/kg W0.75 per d for 4 weeks. Non-protein energy was maintained constant at 500 kJ/kg W0.75 per d throughout. Daily N balance and total body N content at the end were measured, and protein status was defined as a percentage of cumulative N accretion or depletion in relation to the total body N content at maintenance. It was found that IGF-1 and FN responded rapidly and substantially to altered N input, and that when daily N input was maintained constantly at sub-maintenance, their continuous declines were related closely to progressive protein depletion in the sheep. Plasma TP concentration was independent of N input when N input was altered acutely in the steers, but declined significantly and gradually with severe, chronic body protein depletion in the sheep. Plasma content of TP in the sheep however reduced acutely with a reduction in N input. Plasma volume fell substantially over the first 2 weeks of protein depletion, compensating for the declines in TP content and maintaining TP concentration plateau. The possible implications of the changes in TP concentration and content (concentration x volume) to body protein loss in sheep are discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN HORMON PERTUMBUHAN REKOMBINAN DENGAN METODE YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN BOTIA (Chromobotia macracanthus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Asep Permana ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin ◽  
Wartono Hadie ◽  
Agus Priyadi ◽  
Rendy Ginanjar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Body

Pertumbuhan ikan botia tergolong lambat, memerlukan waktu sekitar enam bulan untuk mencapai ukuran komersial (panjang total 4-5 cm). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons pertumbuhan benih ikan botia yang diberi hormon pertumbuhan ikan kerapu (rElGH) melalui tiga metode yaitu: perendaman, oral, dan kombinasi perendaman dan oral. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Dosis rElGH melalui perendaman yaitu 1,2 mg/L diberikan pada larva umur tujuh hari, sedangkan dosis secara oral yaitu 30 mg/kg pakan dan diberikan pada benih umur tiga bulan. Ikan dipelihara dalam akuarium sistem resirkulasi (80 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm) dengan kepadatan 5 ekor/L selama pemeliharaan tiga bulan pertama dan 1 ekor/L selama pemeliharaan periode tiga bulan kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi perendaman dan oral memberikan pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi sebesar 12,04% dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan ini juga meningkatkan level ekspresi insulin-like growth factor-1/ IGF-1 sebesar 29,37% dibandingkan kontrol.The growth of Clown Loach is slow. It takes about six months to reach the market size (4-5 cm total body length). This study aimed to evaluate the growth response of Clown Loach treated with recombinant giant grouper growth hormone (rElGH) delivered by three different methods: immersion, oral, and the combination of immersion and oral. A completely randomized design was used as the experimental design and each treatment was replicated three times. The immersion method used rElGH dose of 1.2 mg/L on seven-day-old larvae, while oral treatment used 30 mg rElGH/kg feed on the three-month-old juvenile. The fish were reared in a closed recirculation tank (80 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm) at a density of 5 fish/L for the first three months, and 1 fish/L for the second three months of rearing period. The result showed that the combination of immersion and oral treatments produced a higher growth rate of 12.04% compared to control treatment. Those treatments also increased insulin-like growth factor-1/IGF-1 expression level about 29.37% compared to the control.

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