scholarly journals Effects of the nasal valve on acoustic rhinometry measurements: a model study

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2166-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cankurtaran ◽  
Hüseyin Çelik ◽  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Levent Naci Özlüoglu
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cylindrical Pipe ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Valve Area

The influence of nasal valve on acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements was evaluated by using simple nasal cavity models. Each model consisted of a cylindrical pipe with an insert simulating the nasal valve. The AR-determined cross-sectional areas beyond the insert were consistently underestimated, and the corresponding area-distance curves showed pronounced oscillations. The area underestimation was more pronounced in models with inserts of small passage area. The experimental results are discussed in terms of theoretically calculated “sound-power reflection coefficients” for the pipe models. The reason for area underestimation is reflection of most of the incident sound power from the barrier at the front junction between the pipe and the insert. It was also demonstrated that the oscillations are due to low-frequency acoustic resonances in the portion of the pipe beyond the insert. The results suggest that AR does not provide reliable information about the cross-sectional areas of the nasal cavity posterior to a significant constriction, such as pathologies narrowing the nasal valve area. When the passage area of the nasal valve is decreased, the role of AR as a diagnostic tool for the entire nasal cavity becomes limited.

Acoustic Rhinometric Assessment of the Nasal Valve

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Roithmann ◽  
Jerry Chapnik ◽  
Noe Zamel ◽  
Sergio Menna Barreto ◽  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valve Area

The aims of this study are to assess nasal valve cross-sectional areas in healthy noses and in patients with nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty and to evaluate the effect of an external nasal dilator on both healthy and obstructive nasal valves. Subjects consisted of (i) volunteers with no nasal symptoms, nasal cavities unremarkable to rhinoscopy and normal nasal resistance and (ii) patients referred to our clinic complaining of postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction. All subjects were tested before and after topical decongestion of the nasal mucosa and with an external nasal dilator. In 79 untreated healthy nasal cavities the nasal valve area showed two constrictions: the proximal constriction averaged 0.78 cm2 cross-section and was situated 1.18 cm from the nostril, the distal constriction averaged 0.70 cm2 cross-section at 2.86 cm from the nostril. Mucosal decongestion increased cross-sectional area of the distal constriction significantly (p < 0.0001) but not the proximal. External dilation increased cross-sectional area of both constrictions significantly (p < 0.0001). In 26 post-rhinoplasty obstructed nasal cavities, only a single constriction was detected, averaging 0.34 cm2 cross-section at 2.55 cm from the nostril and 0.4 cm2 at 2.46 cm from the nostril, before and after mucosal decongestion respectively. External dilation increased the minimum cross-sectional area to 0.64 cm2 in these nasal cavities (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the nasal valve area in patients with postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction is significantly smaller than in healthy nasal cavities as shown by acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry objectively determines the structural and mucovascular components of the nasal valve area and external dilation is an effective therapeutical approach in the management of nasal valve obstruction.

Effects of Anatomical Variations of the Nasal Cavity on Acoustic Rhinometry Measurements: A Model Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Huseyin Çelik ◽  
Mehmet Cankurtaran ◽  
Levent Naci Ozluoglu
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cast Model ◽  
Sinus Ostium

Background The goal of this study was to assess how anatomic variations of the nasal cavity affect the accuracy of acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements. Methods A cast model of a human nasal cavity was used to investigate the effects of the nasal valve and paranasal sinuses on AR measurements. A luminal impression of a cadaver nasal cavity was made, and a cast model was created from this impression. To simulate the nasal valve, inserts of varying inner diameter were placed in the model nasal passage. To simulate the paranasal sinuses, side branches with varying neck diameters and cavity volumes were attached to the model. Results The AR measurements of the anterior nasal passage were reasonably precise when the passage area of the insert was within the normal range. When the passage area of the insert was reduced, AR measurements significantly underestimated the cross-sectional areas beyond the insert. The volume of the paranasal sinus had limited effect on AR measurements when the sinus ostium was small. However, when the ostium size was large, increasing the volume of the sinus led to significant overestimation of AR-derived areas beyond the ostium. Conclusion The pathologies that narrow the anterior nasal passage result in the most significant AR error by causing area underestimation beyond the constriction. It also appears that increased paranasal sinus volume causes overestimation of areas posterior to the sinus ostium when the ostium size is large. If these physical effects are not considered, the results obtained during clinical examination with AR may be misinterpreted.

Acoustic Rhinometry: Accuracy and Ability to Detect Changes in Passage Area at Different Locations in the Nasal Cavity

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 949-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Erkan Tarhan ◽  
Mehmet Coskun ◽  
Mehmet Cankurtaran ◽  
Huseyin Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Distance Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Cast Model

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements, and to assess how well AR detects obstructions of various sizes at specific sites in the nasal cavity, we created a cast model from an adult cadaver nasal cavity. Methods: The actual cross-sectional areas of the cast model nasal passage were determined by computed tomography and compared with the corresponding areas measured by AR. To assess how nasal obstruction affects the AR results, we placed small wax spheres of different diameters at specific sites in the model (nasal valve, head of the inferior turbinate, head of the middle turbinate, middle of the middle turbinate, choana, and nasopharynx). Results: The AR-derived cross-sectional areas in the first 6.5 cm of the cast model nasal cavity were very close to the corresponding areas calculated from computed tomographic sections perpendicular to the presumed acoustic axis. However, AR overestimated the passage areas at locations posterior to the 6.5-cm point. Acoustic rhinometry gave an accurate indication of the passage area of the nasal valve and its distance from the nostril. The nasal valve and the choana were indicated by significant dips on the AR area-distance curve, whereas the curve was smooth throughout the region that included the head of the inferior turbinate, the head of the middle turbinate, the middle of the middle turbinate, and the nasopharynx. In other words, AR did not discretely identify these latter sites. Acoustic rhinometry detected the different-sized inserts (obstructions) more accurately at the nasal valve than at sites posterior to this location. Conclusions: The results of the study show that AR is a valuable method for assessing the anterior nasal cavity. This technique is sensitive for detecting changes in passage area at the nasal valve region; however, the sensitivity is lower at sites posterior to this. The findings suggest that when there is substantial narrowing of the nasal valve, AR will not identify an obstruction at any location posterior to the nasal valve. In such situations, AR measurements beyond the abnormal nasal valve may easily lead to misinterpretation of the patient's nasal anatomy or condition.

Effects of paranasal sinus ostia and volume on acoustic rhinometry measurements: a model study

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1527-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Huseyin Çelik ◽  
Mehmet Cankurtaran ◽  
Fuat Buyuklu ◽  
Nuri Özgirgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Distance Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acoustic Resonances ◽  
Sinus Ostium

We used pipe models to investigate the effects of paranasal sinus ostium size and paranasal sinus volume on the area-distance curves derived by acoustic rhinometry (AR). Each model had a Helmholtz resonator or a short neck as a side branch that simulated the paranasal sinus and sinus ostium. The AR-derived cross-sectional areas posterior to the ostium were significantly overestimated. Sinus volume affected the AR measurements only when the sinus was connected via a relatively large ostium. The experimental area-distance curve posterior to the side branch showed pronounced oscillations in association with low-frequency acoustic resonances in this distal part of the pipe. The experimental results are discussed in terms of theoretically calculated “sound-power reflection coefficients” for the pipe models used. The results indicate that the effects of paranasal sinuses and low-frequency acoustic resonances in the posterior part of the nasal cavity are not accounted for in the current AR algorithms. AR does not provide reliable information about sinus ostium size, sinus volume, or cross-sectional area in the distal parts of nasal cavity.

A Comparison of the Nasal Cross-Sectional Areas and Volumes Obtained with Acoustic Rhinometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1997 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelynne P. Corey ◽  
Anil Gungor ◽  
Robert Nelson ◽  
Jeff Fredberg ◽  
Vincent Lai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Tip ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Mri Measurements

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) evaluates the geometry of the nasal cavity with acoustic reflections and provides information about nasal cross-sectional areas (CSA) and nasal volume within a given distance. The accuracy of the information obtained by AR was compared with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasal cavity. Five healthy subjects were evaluated with AR and the MRI before and after the application of a long-acting nasal decongestant spray, to eliminate possible interference of the nasal cycle with both measurement techniques. The MRI images of 2 mm coronal sections of the nasal cavity were traced by three independent observers and the CSAs were calculated by computer-aided imaging digitization, to be compared with the calculated CSAs obtained with the AR at the corresponding distance from the nasal tip. Digitized data from the MRI images were also used to calculate the nasal volume within the first 6 cm from the nasal tip and compared with the AR volume measurements. The interobserver variation of digitized MRI data predecongestant and postdecongestant was not significant. The correlations of CSA and volume measurements between the AR and MRI were high (0.969) after the application of the decongestant. The correlation between the AR and MRI measurements before the decongestant was low (0.345). This may have been the result of interference of the nasal cycle during the long MRI measurements (1 hour) or other unknown factors. We conclude that AR measurements of nasal CSAs and volumes provide accurate information when compared with the MRI of the decongested nasal airway.

The Role of Acoustic Rhinometry in Nasal Provocation Testing

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Roithmann ◽  
Isaac Shpirer ◽  
Philip Cole ◽  
Jerry Chapnik ◽  
John Paul Szalai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Provocation Testing ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Nasal Provocation Testing ◽  
Geometric Changes

Geometric changes of the nasal airway in response to allergen challenge were measured by acoustic rhinometry (AR) and the sensitivity of the method was compared with that of rhinomanometry. Ten asymptomatic patients who suffered from ragweed allergic rhinitis were challenged out of season. The use of a custom-made noninvasive nasal adapter was an important feature of the measurement technique. A dose-dependent decrease in nasal cross-sectional area was found at and posterior to the entrance to the nasal valve. Both rhinometric and rhinomanometric methods were equivalent in sensing the changes in nasal patency due to allergen exposure (p=0.73). Acoustic rhinometry, however, was simpler, more quickly performed and more comfortable for the subjects than was rhinomanometry by body plethysmography. AR is an alternative objective method for measurement of nasal mucosal responses, as in allergen challenge.

Effects of the Breathe Right Nasal Strips on Nasal Ventilation

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gosepath ◽  
Wolf J. Mann ◽  
Ronald G. Amedee
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Impression ◽  
Breathe Right Nasal Strips ◽  
And Training

The Breathe Right nasal strips are more and more commonly used, mainly by athletes, who hope to enhance their physical performance in competition and training. The effect of the device in such situations is uncertain and perhaps somewhat controversial. To investigate the effects of the nasal strips on nasal ventilation, 20 Caucasian individuals were objectively assessed using anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry. The results showed a significant increase in all subjects of transnasal airflow and in the average cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity that quantifies objectively the subjective impression of improved nasal breathing. In such patients where an improvement in nasal ventilation is desired, the use of the Breathe Right nasal strips seems to offer a beneficial treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on the dimension of the nasal cavity and on facial morphology assessed by acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Enoki Itikawa ◽  
Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera ◽  
Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto ◽  
Wilma Terezinha Anselmo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on facial morphology and on nasal cavity dimensions of mouth breathing children by acoustic rhinometry and computed rhinomanometry. METHODS: Cohort; 29 mouth breathing children with posterior crossbite were evaluated. Orthodontic and otorhinolaryngologic documentation were performed at three different times, i.e., before expansion, immediately after and 90 days following expansion. RESULTS: The expansion was accompanied by an increase of the maxillary and nasal bone transversal width. However, there were no significant differences in relation to mucosal area of the nose. Acoustic rhinometry showed no difference in the minimal cross-sectional area at the level of the valve and inferior turbinate between the periods analyzed, although rhinomanometry showed a statistically significant reduction in nasal resistance right after expansion, but were similar to pre-treatment values 90 days after expansion. CONCLUSION: The maxillary expansion increased the maxilla and nasal bony area, but was inefficient to increase the nasal mucosal area, and may lessen the nasal resistance, although there was no difference in nasal geometry. Significance: Nasal bony expansion is followed by a mucosal compensation.

Acoustic Rhinometry in the Diagnosis of Occupational Rhinitis

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija L Hytönen ◽  
Eeva L Sala ◽  
Henrik O Malmberg ◽  
Henrik Nordman
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Rhinitis ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Provocation Tests ◽  
Calculated Parameter ◽  
Essential Change ◽  
The Mean

Acoustic rhinometry (ARM) has been used to study the nasal cavity geometry and the response in nasal provocations. However, the use of ARM in the diagnosis of occupational rhinitis (OR) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to find an ARM parameter and a limit value that could be used in provocation tests to express an objective change in the nasal cavity geometry. We used a new calculated parameter, Volume MCA%, for describing the change in the nasal geometry. Volume MCA% is the mean of the percentile changes of nasal volumes and minimal cross-sectional areas in a provocation test. We recommend a decrease of at least 15% in Volume MCA% for the limit of an essential change in the nasal cavity.

scholarly journals Kesehatan hidung di Sekolah Polisi Negara Karombasan Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyon Lalita ◽  
Ora I. Palandeng ◽  
Olivia C.P. Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Abstract: Physiologically, nose has several functions such as a filter and the first-line defence as well as protectve organ against the negative impacts of the environment. The nose is also useful to clean the air from dust, bacteria, and viruses through a mucociliary transport mechanism. Generally, the important role of smell has lack of public attention until eventually disorders or injuries that can disturb the ability and physiological function of the nose occur. This was an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were 30 students in Sekolah Polisi Negara (State police school) Karombasan Manado; all were males. Nose health status of every respondent was determined by examination of the nasal cavity, conchae, mucous layer, secretion, septum, and post nasal drips. The results showed that from the 30 respondents, there was edema at the right conchae and left conchae each as many as 6.7%. Examination of septum showed that septum deviation of the right nose. Examination of nasal cavity, mucosa layer, secretion and post nasal drips overall resulted in normal category. Conclusion: Nose health status at Sekolah Polisi Negara Karombasan Manado was categorized as good.Keywords: nose health, physical examination of nose Abstrak: Secara fisiologis hidung mempunyai beberapa fungsi antara lain sebagai penyaring dan pertahanan lini pertama serta pelindung tubuh terpenting terhadap lingkungan yang tidak menguntungkan. Hidung juga berguna membersihkan udara inspirasi dari debu, bakteri dan virus melalui mekanisme transpor mukosiliar. Umumnya, peran penting dari indera penghiduan kurang mendapat perhatian khusus dari masyarakat sendiri hingga terjadi gangguan atau cidera yang dapat menghilangkan kemampuan dan fungsi fisiologis dari organ hidung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkangambaran kesehatan hidung di Sekolah Polisi Negara Karombasan Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah 30 orang mahasiswa Sekolah Polisi Negara Karombasan Manado, seluruhnya berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Status kesehatan hidung setiap responden dinilai dengan memeriksa kavum nasi, konka, mukosa, sekret, septum, dan post nasal drip. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan dari 30 mahasiswa, terdapat edema pada konka sebelah kanan dan kiri masing-masing sebesar 6,7%. Hasil pemeriksaan septum, ditemukan deviasi septum pada hidung kanan sebesar 3,3%. Pada pemeriksaan kavum nasi, mukosa, sekret, dan post nasal drips didapatkan hasil yang normal. Simpulan: Secara keseluruhan kesehatan hidung di Sekolah Polisi Negara Karombasan tergolong baik. Kata kunci: kesehatan hidung, pemeriksaan fisik hidung

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