The Role of Acoustic Rhinometry in Nasal Provocation Testing

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Roithmann ◽  
Isaac Shpirer ◽  
Philip Cole ◽  
Jerry Chapnik ◽  
John Paul Szalai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Provocation Testing ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Nasal Provocation Testing ◽  
Geometric Changes

Geometric changes of the nasal airway in response to allergen challenge were measured by acoustic rhinometry (AR) and the sensitivity of the method was compared with that of rhinomanometry. Ten asymptomatic patients who suffered from ragweed allergic rhinitis were challenged out of season. The use of a custom-made noninvasive nasal adapter was an important feature of the measurement technique. A dose-dependent decrease in nasal cross-sectional area was found at and posterior to the entrance to the nasal valve. Both rhinometric and rhinomanometric methods were equivalent in sensing the changes in nasal patency due to allergen exposure (p=0.73). Acoustic rhinometry, however, was simpler, more quickly performed and more comfortable for the subjects than was rhinomanometry by body plethysmography. AR is an alternative objective method for measurement of nasal mucosal responses, as in allergen challenge.

Comparison of optical rhinometry to acoustic rhinometry using nasal provocation testing with Dermatophagoides farinae

2010 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther J. Cheung ◽  
Martin J. Citardi ◽  
Samer Fakhri ◽  
Jordan Cain ◽  
Pete S. Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Dermatophagoides Farinae ◽  
Nasal Provocation ◽  
Provocation Testing ◽  
Nasal Provocation Testing ◽  
Optical Rhinometry

The role of chemokine CC ligand 20 in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan H. Soliman ◽  
Hala Nagy ◽  
Nesreen Kotb ◽  
Mohamed A. Alm El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Group I

Background and aim To evaluate the role of chemokine CC ligand 20 (CCL20) as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and methods Ninety patients in four groups were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study: 30 with HCC (group I), 30 with liver cirrhosis (group II), 15 with hepatitis C virus infection (group III), and 15 healthy blood donors as controls. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), CCL20 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in all groups. Results Serum levels of CCL20 were significantly different among the study groups (F=230.979, p<0.001). The highest level was found in HCC patients (57.305 ± 6.386 pg/mL) followed by patients with cirrhosis (45.999 ± 5.165 pg/mL) compared with 22.781 ± 5.986 pg/mL and 18.585 ± 3.554 pg/mL in asymptomatic patients with HCV infection and controls, respectively. In HCC patients, CCL20 significantly correlated with VEGF (r=0.559, p=0.001), AFP (r=0.814, p<0.001), Child score (r=0.748, p<0.001), and tumor size (r=0.825, p<0.001). The cutoff value of CCL20 for the detection of HCC in HCV-infected patients was 54 pg/mL with 93.1% accuracy, 89.6% negative predictive value, 92.6% positive predictive value, 83.3% sensitivity, and 93.3% specificity. In patients with cirrhosis, CCL20 significantly correlated with VEGF (r=0.455, p=0.011), AFP (r=0.975, p<0.001), and Child score (r=0.977, p<0.001). Conclusion CCL20 may be used for the detection of HCC in HCV-infected patients with comparable specificity and higher sensitivity than AFP.

scholarly journals Effects of the nasal valve on acoustic rhinometry measurements: a model study

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2166-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cankurtaran ◽  
Hüseyin Çelik ◽  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Levent Naci Özlüoglu
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cylindrical Pipe ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Valve Area

The influence of nasal valve on acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements was evaluated by using simple nasal cavity models. Each model consisted of a cylindrical pipe with an insert simulating the nasal valve. The AR-determined cross-sectional areas beyond the insert were consistently underestimated, and the corresponding area-distance curves showed pronounced oscillations. The area underestimation was more pronounced in models with inserts of small passage area. The experimental results are discussed in terms of theoretically calculated “sound-power reflection coefficients” for the pipe models. The reason for area underestimation is reflection of most of the incident sound power from the barrier at the front junction between the pipe and the insert. It was also demonstrated that the oscillations are due to low-frequency acoustic resonances in the portion of the pipe beyond the insert. The results suggest that AR does not provide reliable information about the cross-sectional areas of the nasal cavity posterior to a significant constriction, such as pathologies narrowing the nasal valve area. When the passage area of the nasal valve is decreased, the role of AR as a diagnostic tool for the entire nasal cavity becomes limited.

The Use of Acoustic Rhinometry to Quantitatively Assess Changes after Intranasal Allergen Challenge

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent W.S. Lai ◽  
Jacquelynne P. Corey
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
The Subject

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) is a technique of measuring the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the nasal cavity by analyzing reflected sound waves. It allows a quantitative measurement of the changes of the nasal airway diameter after intranasal allergen challenge. In this study, AR is used to quantitate the degree of narrowing of the nasal cavity produced by various amounts of allergen challenge. Intranasal challenges were performed on seven subjects using radioallergosorbent test (RAST) discs of dust mite or ragweed allergens. At the same time, the (modified) mRAST class of the subjects was obtained by performing mRAST in vitro testing. Five subjects had positive mRAST scores to either dust mite or ragweed, and two subjects had negative mRAST scores. AR was performed prior to intranasal challenge to obtain a baseline. Then AR was performed 15, 30, and 45 minutes after the application of one RAST disc to the head of the inferior turbinate on both sides of the nose. The same measurements were taken after the serial application of two, three, and four RAST discs. For each AR measurement, the CSA at 10 locations in the nasal cavity was averaged for both sides. The endpoint is defined as the number of RAST discs required to produce a 50% reduction in the average CSA of the nasal cavity. We found that the endpoint correlates inversely with the mRAST class of the subject (r = –0.89). In the subjects with negative mRAST scores, no end point was found, even after challenge with four discs.

Acoustic Rhinometry Findings in Patients with Mild Sleep Apnea

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Houser ◽  
Bulent Mamikoglu ◽  
Benjamin F. Aquino ◽  
Rizwan Moinuddin ◽  
Jacquelynne P. Corey
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

BACKGROUND: Nasal obstruction may contribute to the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Acoustic rhinometry (AR) measures nasal patency and congestion, which are useful parameters in objectively evaluating nasal obstruction. The nasal obstruction produced by allergic rhinitis may contribute to the development of OSA and can be easily assessed with AR. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the degree of nasal obstruction seen in allergic patients with and without OSA. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was a retrospective data analysis from a tertiary referral center. The AR data from 10 patients with and 40 patients without mild OSA were compared. RESULTS: The mean congestion factors at the first cross-sectional area (CSA1) on the AR graph were found to be significantly higher in the OSA group than in the non-OSA group ( P = 0.03). The classification of change in congestion factors demonstrated significant differences at CSA1, CSA2, and CSA3 and in volume (***t distributions <0.001, 0.0312, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The non-OSA patients noted a significant subjective improvement in nasal congestion after topical nasal decongestion, whereas the OSA patients did not ( P < 0.0001 and 0.064, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although the role of nasal obstruction in OSA is controversial, our study lends evidence to the thought that the nasal obstruction associated with allergic rhinitis is associated with the presence of mild OSA. SIGNIFICANCE: Whether allergic rhinitis is a direct cause of OSA is debatable, but we have shown that greater nasal congestion is related to the presence of OSA in a population of patients with allergic rhinitis.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Knowledge, Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding COVID-19 Among Parents of Pediatric Dental Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110598
Author(s):  
Derya Ceyhan ◽  
Zuhal Kirzioglu ◽  
Feyza Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Children infected with COVID-19 have a critical part in community-based viral transmission. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors of parents of pediatric dental patients on COVID-19 and to present required actions to prevent its spreading. A total of 524 parents took part in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for determining sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of parents, along with their COVID-19-related knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. In total, 90.6% of parents were unaware that disease may show no symptoms; 61.1% and 32.6% did not know roles of “close contact with asymptomatic patients” and “dentistry practices” in transmission, respectively; 30.2% thought it could be transmitted to their children at dental clinics, and only 16.4% stated their children as carriers. Parents need to be informed on COVID-19 transmission through contact with asymptomatic individuals, risks associated with dentistry practices, and role of children in transmission.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽  
Yanzheng Liu ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Olga Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Strains ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

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