scholarly journals Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Sluka ◽  
James M. O'Donnell ◽  
Jessica Danielson ◽  
Lynn A. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Running Wheels ◽  
Chronic Muscle Pain

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a significant health problem and is associated with increases in pain during acute physical activity. Regular physical activity is protective against many chronic diseases; however, it is unknown if it plays a role in development of chronic pain. The current study induced physical activity by placing running wheels in home cages of mice for 5 days or 8 wk and compared these to sedentary mice without running wheels in their home cages. Chronic muscle pain was induced by repeated intramuscular injection of pH 4.0 saline, exercise-enhanced pain was induced by combining a 2-h fatiguing exercise task with a low-dose muscle inflammation (0.03% carrageenan), and acute muscle inflammation was induced by 3% carrageenan. We tested the responses of the paw (response frequency) and muscle (withdrawal threshold) to nociceptive stimuli. Because the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is involved in exercise-induced analgesia and chronic muscle pain, we tested for changes in phosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the RVM. We demonstrate that regular physical activity prevents the development of chronic muscle pain and exercise-induced muscle pain by reducing phosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor in the central nervous system. However, regular physical activity has no effect on development of acute pain. Thus physical inactivity is a risk factor for development of chronic pain and may set the nervous system to respond in an exaggerated way to low-intensity muscle insults.

Chronic Muscle Pain, Biofeedback, and the Neurophysiology of Pain

Biofeedback ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Gabriel E Sella ◽  
Donald Moss
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Relaxation Model ◽  
Comprehensive Education ◽  
Biofeedback Treatment ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Muscle Pain

This article examines the economic and human costs of muscle pain and the role of biofeedback in treating chronic muscle pain. The article reviews the physiology of the musculature and the myofascial mantle and the contributions of physiological dysfunction to pain. The article critiques the relaxation model as an inadequate foundation for biofeedback treatment of pain and calls for more comprehensive education for biofeedback practitioners in muscle physiology yet emphasizes the promise of surface electromyographic treatment for chronic pain and for opioid abuse, when the muscle biofeedback intervention is well informed by medical and physiological knowledge. Medical factors that commonly contribute to pain are examined, along with a number of preventable sources for poor outcomes for muscle biofeedback treatment.

Physical Activity and Brain Responses during Pain Modulation in Gulf Veterans with Chronic Muscle Pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Stegner ◽  
Laura D. Ellingson ◽  
Stephanie M. Van Riper ◽  
Dane B. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Chronic Muscle Pain

scholarly journals Regular physical activity prevents chronic pain by altering resident muscle macrophage phenotype and increasing interleukin-10 in mice

Pain ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Leung ◽  
Nicholas S. Gregory ◽  
Lee-Ann H. Allen ◽  
Kathleen A. Sluka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype

scholarly journals Regular physical activity reduces the percentage of spinally projecting neurons that express mu-opioid receptors from the RVM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Sluka ◽  
SJ Kolker ◽  
J Danielson ◽  
L Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptors ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Running Wheels

AbstractRegular physical activity/exercise is an effective non-pharmacological treatment for individuals with chronic pain. Central inhibitory mechanisms, involving serotonin and opioids, are critical to analgesia produced by regular physical activity. The RVM sends projections to the spinal cord to inhibit or facilitate nociceptive neurons and plays a key role in exercise-induced analgesia. The goal of these studies was to examine if regular physical activity modifies RVM-spinal cord circuitry. Male and female mice received Fluoro-Gold placed on the spinal cord to identify spinally projecting neurons from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and the nucleus raphe obscuris/nucleus raphe pallidus (NRO/NRP), dermorphin-488 into caudal medulla to identify mu-opioid receptors, and were immunohistochemically stained for either phosphorylated-N-methyl-D-aspartate subunit NR1 (p-NR1) to identify excitatory neurons or tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) to identify serotonin neurons. The percentage of dermorphin-488-positive cells that stained for p-NR1 (or TPH), and the percentage of dermorphin-488-positive cells that stained for p-NR1 (or TPH) and Fluoro-Gold was calculated.Physically active animals were provided running wheels in their cages for 8 weeks and compared to sedentary animals without running wheels. Animals with chronic muscle pain, induced by two intramuscular injections of pH 4.0, were compared to sham controls (pH 7.2). Physically active animals had less mu-opioid expressing neurons projecting to the spinal cord when compared to sedentary animals in the RVM, but not the NRO/NRP. No changes were observed for TPH. These data suggest that regular exercise alters central facilitation so that there is less descending facilitation to result in a net increase in inhibition.Summary StatementPhysically active animals has less mu-opioid expressing neurons projecting to the spinal cord in the RVM, but not the NRO/NRP, when compared to sedentary animals.

The Influence of the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on the Association of Regular Physical Activity With Cognition Among Individuals With Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 109980042096664
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
McKenzie D. Canon ◽  
Luqi Shen ◽  
Benjamin A. Marples ◽  
Joseph P. Colton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Exercise Induced

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with cognitive dysfunction that comes with substantial lifetime consequences, such as interference with diabetes self-management and reduced quality of life. Although regular physical activity has been consistently shown to enhance cognitive function among healthy subjects, significant interpersonal differences in exercise-induced cognitive outcomes have been reported among brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val/Val vs. Met carriers. However, the evidence on how the BDNF Val66Met variant influences the relationship between regular physical activity and cognition among individuals with diabetes is currently lacking. Methods: A total of 3,040 individuals with diabetes were included in this analysis using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Associations among moderate and vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and measures of cognitive function were evaluated using multivariable linear regression models within each stratum of the Val66Met genotypes. Results: MVPA was more strongly associated with total cognitive score, mental status, and words recall among Met/Met carriers, compared to Val/Val and Val/Met carriers. Conclusions: This study provided preliminary findings on how BDNF variants may modulate the exercise-induced cognitive benefits among mid-aged and older adults with diabetes. Given the limitations of the current study, it is necessary for randomized controlled trials to stratify by BDNF genotypes to more conclusively determine whether Met carriers benefit more from increased physical activity. In addition, future research is needed to examine how the interplay of BDNF Val66Met variants, DNA methylation, and physical activity may have an impact on cognitive function among adults with diabetes.

scholarly journals Retention of sedentary obese visceral white adipose tissue phenotype with intermittent physical activity despite reduced adiposity

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (5) ◽  
pp. R594-R602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Wainright ◽  
Nicholas J. Fleming ◽  
Joe L. Rowles ◽  
Rebecca J. Welly ◽  
Terese M. Zidon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Running Wheels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Regular physical activity is effective in reducing visceral white adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and oxidative stress, and these changes are commonly associated with reduced adiposity. However, the impact of multiple periods of physical activity, intercalated by periods of inactivity, i.e., intermittent physical activity, on markers of AT inflammation and oxidative stress is unknown. In the present study, 5-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups ( n = 10/group): sedentary, regular physical activity, and intermittent physical activity, for 24 wk. All animals were singly housed and fed a diet containing 45% kcal from fat. Regularly active mice had access to voluntary running wheels throughout the study period, whereas intermittently active mice had access to running wheels for 3-wk intervals (i.e., 3 wk on/3 wk off) throughout the study. At death, regular and intermittent physical activity was associated with similar reductions in visceral AT mass (approximately −24%, P < 0.05) relative to sedentary. However, regularly, but not intermittently, active mice exhibited decreased expression of visceral AT genes related to inflammation (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), immune cell infiltration (e.g., CD68, CD11c, F4/80, CD11b/CD18), oxidative stress (e.g., p47 phagocyte oxidase), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (e.g., CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; all P < 0.05). Furthermore, regular, but not intermittent, physical activity was associated with a trend toward improvement in glucose tolerance ( P = 0.059). Collectively, these findings suggest that intermittent physical activity over a prolonged period of time may lead to a reduction in adiposity but with retention of a sedentary obese white AT and metabolic phenotype.

Dose-Response Issues Concerning the Relations Between Regular Physical Activity and Health

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
Charles B. Corbin ◽  
Robert P. Pangrazi ◽  
Don Franks
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Regular Physical Activity
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