Perceptual Illusion of “Paradoxical Heat” Engages the Insular Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 1248-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Davis ◽  
G. E. Pope ◽  
A. P. Crawley ◽  
D. J. Mikulis
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Heat Sensation ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Heat Perception ◽  
The Right

Paradoxical heat (PH), the illusion of skin heat, accompanies many neurological disorders. Using the technique of percept-related functional MRI, we found a region of the right insular cortex specifically activated when subjects perceive a heat sensation in their right hand even though their skin temperature is cool or at neutral. This region was suppressed during mild skin cooling. We propose that this differential response is a manifestation of the role of the insula in signaling temperature perceptions regardless of the actual temperature of the skin. These findings suggest that a region within the insula has a complex role in heat perception, perhaps contributing to a specific, rather than general, thermosensory perception. These data provide insight to our basic understanding of normal and pathological thermosensory perceptions.

The role of the right anterior insular cortex in the right hemisphere preponderance of stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN): An fMRI study

2009 ◽  
Vol 450 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Kotani ◽  
Yoshimi Ohgami ◽  
Yumiko Kuramoto ◽  
Tetsuji Tsukamoto ◽  
Yusuke Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insular Cortex ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Stimulus Preceding Negativity ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Frequency and Intensity of Premonitory Urges to tic in Tourette Syndrome is associated with SMA GABA+ levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason He ◽  
Mark Mikkelsen ◽  
David Huddleston ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Kim Cecil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
The Right

Background. Individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) often report that they express tics as a means of alleviating the experience of unpleasant sensations. These sensations are perceived as an urge to act and are referred to as premonitory urges. Premonitory urges have been the focus of recent efforts to develop interventions to reduce tic expression in those with TS. Increasing evidence points to the role of both structural and functional alterations of prefrontal and limbic brain regions regarding the experience of premonitory urges to tic in TS. This study examined the contribution of brain GABA and glutamate levels of the right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and insular cortex (insula) to tic and urge severity in children with TS.Methods. Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) of the right SM1, SMA and insula in 68 children with TS (MAge = 10.59, SDAge = 1.33) and 41 typically developing controls (MAge = 10.26, SDAge = 2.21). We first compared GABA+ and Glx levels of these brain regions between groups. We then explored the association between regional GABA+ and Glx levels with urge and tic severity. Results. GABA+ and Glx of the right SM1, SMA and insula were comparable between the children with TS and typically developing controls. In children with TS, lower levels of SMA GABA+ was associated with more severe and more frequent premonitory urges. Neither GABA+ nor Glx levels were associated with tic severity. Conclusions. These results broadly support the role of GABAergic neurotransmission within the SMA in the experience of premonitory urges in children with TS.

scholarly journals Introduction à l'Etude Clinique des Crises Epileptiques Rétrorolandiques

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (S4) ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baucaud ◽  
J. Talairach ◽  
C. Munari ◽  
T. Giallonardo ◽  
P. Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Electrographic Seizures ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT:An introduction to the clinical study of postrolandic epileptic seizures. We reviewed, in 145 epilectics studied with SEEG, 800 clinical and electrographic seizures originating from the post-rolandic areas (590 spontaneous Sz and 260 induced by stimulation). The intra-cranial electrodes were implanted using a technique described by Talairach et al. (1974). Seizure onsets were recorded in the centro-parietal region (64 patients) in the partietal49 and in the occipital region.15 Additionally in 15 patients, mixed Sz onset were recorded. One hundred and eight (108) patients underwent surgical removal of their epileptic focus. (69 on the right, 39 on left.) 65% were cured (Sz free or occas Sz, f/up 3 years). The main ictal cal features are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of the operculo-insular cortex in the functional organization in man, based on Sz arising from the supra-temporal (fronto-pariental) cortex. The study of the pattern of onset and spread of seizures originating in the post-rolandic areas and of their clinical correlates allow a topographic differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Role of the right anterior insular cortex in joint attention-related identification with a partner

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Koike ◽  
Hiroki C Tanabe ◽  
Saori Adachi-Abe ◽  
Shuntaro Okazaki ◽  
Eri Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
Object Selection ◽  
Anterior Insular Cortex ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
The Right

Abstract Understanding others as intentional agents is critical in social interactions. We perceive others’ intentions through identification, a categorical judgment that others should work like oneself. The most primitive form of understanding others’ intentions is joint attention (JA). During JA, an initiator selects a shared object through gaze (initiative joint attention, IJA), and the responder follows the direction of the initiator’s gaze (reactive joint attention, RJA). Therefore, both participants share the intention of object selection. However, the neural underpinning of shared intention through JA remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that JA is represented by inter-individual neural synchronization of the intention-related activity. Additionally, JA requires eye contact that activates the limbic mirror system; therefore, we hypothesized that this system is involved in shared attention through JA. To test these hypotheses, participants underwent hyperscanning fMRI while performing JA tasks. We found that IJA-related activation of the right anterior insular cortex of participants was positively correlated with RJA-related activation of homologous regions in their partners. This area was activated by volitional selection of the target during IJA. Therefore, identification with others by JA is likely accomplished by the shared intentionality of target selection represented by inter-individual synchronization of the right anterior insular cortex.

scholarly journals Are running socks beneficial for comfort? The role of the sock and sock fiber type on shoe microclimate and subjective evaluations

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752098651
Author(s):  
Anna M West ◽  
George Havenith ◽  
Simon Hodder
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
C 50 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Footwear Comfort ◽  
Rest And Exercise

This study evaluated the effect of socks (different in fiber type) and the effect of not wearing a sock on perceptions of thermal comfort in relation to changes in foot skin temperature and shoe microclimate (temperature and humidity) during rest and exercise. Ten females completed five trials on separate occasions. Four socks (cotton, wool, polyester, Coolmax) and no sock were evaluated. Trials were conducted at 23°C, 50% relative humidity and consisted of rest (10 min seated), treadmill running (40 min, 7.5 km·h−1) and recovery (15 min seated). Foot skin temperature and shoe microclimate were measured at seven sites on the right foot. Foot skin hydration was measured at nine foot sites. Perceptual responses were recorded. Foot thermo-physiological and foot perceptual responses were similar for all sock conditions ( p > 0.05). Similar foot thermo-physiological responses were also observed between the sock and no sock conditions ( p > 0.05). Interestingly, however, not wearing a sock resulted in greater perceptions of foot wetness, stickiness and discomfort ( p < 0.05). As tactile interactions caused by foot movement within the shoe are strong predictors of foot wetness perception (a key contributor to wear discomfort), socks are important in reducing the tactile cues generated. The sock is therefore an important area for development and relevant for overall improvements in footwear comfort.

The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus following reversal of consistent stimulus-stop mappings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisy Best ◽  
Tobias Stevens ◽  
Fraser Milton ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Ian P. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Managing Landscape Irrigation to Avoid Soil and Nutrient Losses

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Laurie Trenholm ◽  
Don Rainey ◽  
Esen Momol ◽  
Claire Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
County Agents ◽  
The Right ◽  
Soil And Water

Proper irrigation management is critical to conserve and protect water resources and to properly manage nutrients in the home landscape. How lawns and landscapes are irrigated directly impacts the natural environment, so landscape maintenance professionals and homeowners must adopt environmentally-friendly approaches to irrigation management. After selecting the right plant for the right place, water is the next critical factor to establish and maintain a healthy lawn and landscape. Fertilization is another important component of lawn and landscape maintenance, and irrigation must be applied correctly, especially following fertilization, to minimize potential nutrient losses. This publication supplements other UF/IFAS Extension publications that also include information on the role of soil and the root zone in irrigation management. This publication is designed to help UF/IFAS Extension county agents prepare materials to directly address nutrient losses from lawns and landscapes caused by inadequate irrigation management practices. This 6-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Don Rainey, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss586

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