scholarly journals Introduction à l'Etude Clinique des Crises Epileptiques Rétrorolandiques

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (S4) ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baucaud ◽  
J. Talairach ◽  
C. Munari ◽  
T. Giallonardo ◽  
P. Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Electrographic Seizures ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT:An introduction to the clinical study of postrolandic epileptic seizures. We reviewed, in 145 epilectics studied with SEEG, 800 clinical and electrographic seizures originating from the post-rolandic areas (590 spontaneous Sz and 260 induced by stimulation). The intra-cranial electrodes were implanted using a technique described by Talairach et al. (1974). Seizure onsets were recorded in the centro-parietal region (64 patients) in the partietal49 and in the occipital region.15 Additionally in 15 patients, mixed Sz onset were recorded. One hundred and eight (108) patients underwent surgical removal of their epileptic focus. (69 on the right, 39 on left.) 65% were cured (Sz free or occas Sz, f/up 3 years). The main ictal cal features are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of the operculo-insular cortex in the functional organization in man, based on Sz arising from the supra-temporal (fronto-pariental) cortex. The study of the pattern of onset and spread of seizures originating in the post-rolandic areas and of their clinical correlates allow a topographic differential diagnosis.

Brain asymmetry, immunity, handedness

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatislav Stoyanov ◽  
Lyoubka Decheva ◽  
Irina Pashalieva ◽  
Piareta Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe principle of symmetry-asymmetry is widely presented in the structural and functional organization of the nonliving and living nature. One of the most complex manifestations of this principle is the left-right asymmetry of the human brain. The present review summarizes previous and contemporary literary data regarding the role of brain asymmetry in neuroimmunomodulation. Some handedness-related peculiarities are outlined additionally. Brain asymmetry is considered to be imprinted in the formation and regulation of the individual’s responses and relationships at an immunological level with the external and internal environment. The assumptions that the hemispheres modulate immune response in an asymmetric manner have been confirmed in experiments on animals. Some authors assume that the right hemisphere plays an indirect role in neuroimmunomodulation, controlling and suppressing the left hemispheric inductive signals.

scholarly journals Frequency-dependent circuits anchored in the dorsal and ventral left anterior insula

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Wang ◽  
Qijun Zou ◽  
Yujia Ao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yujie Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
The Right

Abstract The hub role of the right anterior insula (AI) has been emphasized in cognitive neurosciences and been demonstrated to be frequency-dependently organized. However, the functional organization of left AI (LAI) has not been systematically investigated. Here we used 100 unrelated datasets from the Human Connectome Project to study the frequency-dependent organization of LAI along slow 6 to slow 1 bands. The broadband functional connectivity of LAI was similar to previous findings. In slow 6-slow 3 bands, both dorsal and ventral seeds in LAI were correlated to the salience network (SN) and language network (LN) and anti-correlated to the default mode network (DMN). However, these seeds were only correlated to the LAI in slow 2-slow 1 bands. These findings indicate that broadband and narrow band functional connections reflect different functional organizations of the LAI. Furthermore, the dorsal seed had a stronger connection with the LN and anti-correlation with DMN while the ventral seed had a stronger connection within the SN in slow 6-slow 3 bands. In slow 2-slow 1 bands, both seeds had stronger connections with themselves. These observations indicate distinctive functional organizations for the two parts of LAI. Significant frequency effect and frequency by seed interaction were also found, suggesting different frequency characteristics of these two seeds. The functional integration and functional segregation of LDAI and LVAI were further supported by their cognitive associations. The frequency- and seed-dependent functional organizations of LAI may enlighten future clinical and cognitive investigations.

Epilepsy in multiple sclerosis: The role of temporal lobe damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Calabrese ◽  
M Castellaro ◽  
A Bertoldo ◽  
A De Luca ◽  
FB Pizzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Imaging Model ◽  
Mri Protocol ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Although temporal lobe pathology may explain some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), its role in the pathogenesis of seizures has not been clarified yet. Objectives: To investigate the role of temporal lobe damage in MS patients suffering from epilepsy, by the application of advanced multimodal 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis. Methods: A total of 23 relapsing remitting MS patients who had epileptic seizures (RRMS/E) and 23 disease duration matched RRMS patients without any history of seizures were enrolled. Each patient underwent advanced 3T MRI protocol specifically conceived to evaluate grey matter (GM) damage. This includes grey matter lesions (GMLs) identification, evaluation of regional cortical thickness and indices derived from the Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging model. Results: Regional analysis revealed that in RRMS/E, the regions most affected by GMLs were the hippocampus (14.2%), the lateral temporal lobe (13.5%), the cingulate (10.0%) and the insula (8.4%). Cortical thinning and alteration of diffusion metrics were observed in several regions of temporal lobe, in insular cortex and in cingulate gyrus of RRMS/E compared to RRMS ( p< 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: Compared to RRMS, RRMS/E showed more severe damage of temporal lobe, which exceeds what would be expected on the basis of the global GM damage observed.

The role of the right anterior insular cortex in the right hemisphere preponderance of stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN): An fMRI study

2009 ◽  
Vol 450 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Kotani ◽  
Yoshimi Ohgami ◽  
Yumiko Kuramoto ◽  
Tetsuji Tsukamoto ◽  
Yusuke Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insular Cortex ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Stimulus Preceding Negativity ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Frequency and Intensity of Premonitory Urges to tic in Tourette Syndrome is associated with SMA GABA+ levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason He ◽  
Mark Mikkelsen ◽  
David Huddleston ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Kim Cecil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
The Right

Background. Individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) often report that they express tics as a means of alleviating the experience of unpleasant sensations. These sensations are perceived as an urge to act and are referred to as premonitory urges. Premonitory urges have been the focus of recent efforts to develop interventions to reduce tic expression in those with TS. Increasing evidence points to the role of both structural and functional alterations of prefrontal and limbic brain regions regarding the experience of premonitory urges to tic in TS. This study examined the contribution of brain GABA and glutamate levels of the right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and insular cortex (insula) to tic and urge severity in children with TS.Methods. Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) of the right SM1, SMA and insula in 68 children with TS (MAge = 10.59, SDAge = 1.33) and 41 typically developing controls (MAge = 10.26, SDAge = 2.21). We first compared GABA+ and Glx levels of these brain regions between groups. We then explored the association between regional GABA+ and Glx levels with urge and tic severity. Results. GABA+ and Glx of the right SM1, SMA and insula were comparable between the children with TS and typically developing controls. In children with TS, lower levels of SMA GABA+ was associated with more severe and more frequent premonitory urges. Neither GABA+ nor Glx levels were associated with tic severity. Conclusions. These results broadly support the role of GABAergic neurotransmission within the SMA in the experience of premonitory urges in children with TS.

scholarly journals Resting-state functional heterogeneity of the right insula contributes to pain sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Veréb ◽  
Bálint Kincses ◽  
Tamás Spisák ◽  
Frederik Schlitt ◽  
Nikoletta Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Linear Representations ◽  
The Right

AbstractPrevious studies have described the structure and function of the insular cortex in terms of spatially continuous gradients. Here we assess how spatial features of insular resting state functional organization correspond to individual pain sensitivity. From a previous multicenter study, we included 107 healthy participants, who underwent resting state functional MRI scans, T1-weighted scans and quantitative sensory testing on the left forearm. Thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were determined. Connectopic mapping, a technique using non-linear representations of functional organization was employed to describe functional connectivity gradients in both insulae. Partial coefficients of determination were calculated between trend surface model parameters summarizing spatial features of gradients, modal and modality-independent pain sensitivity. The dominant connectopy captured the previously reported posteroanterior shift in connectivity profiles. Spatial features of dominant connectopies in the right insula explained significant amounts of variance in thermal (R2 = 0.076; p < 0.001 and R2 = 0.031; p < 0.029) and composite pain sensitivity (R2 = 0.072; p < 0.002). The left insular gradient was not significantly associated with pain thresholds. Our results highlight the functional relevance of gradient-like insular organization in pain processing. Considering individual variations in insular connectopy might contribute to understanding neural mechanisms behind pain and improve objective brain-based characterization of individual pain sensitivity.

Perceptual Illusion of “Paradoxical Heat” Engages the Insular Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 1248-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Davis ◽  
G. E. Pope ◽  
A. P. Crawley ◽  
D. J. Mikulis
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Heat Sensation ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Heat Perception ◽  
The Right

Paradoxical heat (PH), the illusion of skin heat, accompanies many neurological disorders. Using the technique of percept-related functional MRI, we found a region of the right insular cortex specifically activated when subjects perceive a heat sensation in their right hand even though their skin temperature is cool or at neutral. This region was suppressed during mild skin cooling. We propose that this differential response is a manifestation of the role of the insula in signaling temperature perceptions regardless of the actual temperature of the skin. These findings suggest that a region within the insula has a complex role in heat perception, perhaps contributing to a specific, rather than general, thermosensory perception. These data provide insight to our basic understanding of normal and pathological thermosensory perceptions.

scholarly journals Role of the right anterior insular cortex in joint attention-related identification with a partner

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Koike ◽  
Hiroki C Tanabe ◽  
Saori Adachi-Abe ◽  
Shuntaro Okazaki ◽  
Eri Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
Object Selection ◽  
Anterior Insular Cortex ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
The Right

Abstract Understanding others as intentional agents is critical in social interactions. We perceive others’ intentions through identification, a categorical judgment that others should work like oneself. The most primitive form of understanding others’ intentions is joint attention (JA). During JA, an initiator selects a shared object through gaze (initiative joint attention, IJA), and the responder follows the direction of the initiator’s gaze (reactive joint attention, RJA). Therefore, both participants share the intention of object selection. However, the neural underpinning of shared intention through JA remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that JA is represented by inter-individual neural synchronization of the intention-related activity. Additionally, JA requires eye contact that activates the limbic mirror system; therefore, we hypothesized that this system is involved in shared attention through JA. To test these hypotheses, participants underwent hyperscanning fMRI while performing JA tasks. We found that IJA-related activation of the right anterior insular cortex of participants was positively correlated with RJA-related activation of homologous regions in their partners. This area was activated by volitional selection of the target during IJA. Therefore, identification with others by JA is likely accomplished by the shared intentionality of target selection represented by inter-individual synchronization of the right anterior insular cortex.

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