scholarly journals Phase reorganization leads to transient β-LFP spatial wave patterns in motor cortex during steady-state movement preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 2212-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Rule ◽  
Carlos Vargas-Irwin ◽  
John P. Donoghue ◽  
Wilson Truccolo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Coupled Oscillators ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Excitable Media ◽  
Phase Synchrony ◽  
Characteristic Wavelength ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Limiting Case

Previous studies on the origin and properties of spatial patterns in motor cortex β-local field potential (β-LFP) oscillations have focused on planar traveling waves. However, it is unclear 1) whether β-LFP waves are limited to plane waves, or even 2) whether they are propagating waves of excito-excitatory activity, i.e., primarily traveling waves in excitable media; they could reflect, instead, reorganization in the relative phases of transient oscillations at different spatial sites. We addressed these two problems in β-LFPs recorded via microelectrode arrays implanted in three adjacent motor cortex areas of nonhuman primates during steady-state movement preparation. Our findings are fourfold: 1) β-LFP wave patterns emerged as transient events, despite stable firing rates of single neurons concurrently recorded during the same periods. 2) β-LFP waves showed a richer variety of spatial dynamics, including rotating and complex waves. 3) β-LFP wave patterns showed no characteristic wavelength, presenting instead a range of scales with global zero-lag phase synchrony as a limiting case, features surprising for purely excito-excitatory waves but consistent with waves in coupled oscillator systems. 4) Furthermore, excito-excitatory traveling waves induced by optogenetic stimulation in motor cortex showed, in contrast, a characteristic wavelength and reduced phase synchrony. Overall, β-LFP wave statistics differed from those of induced traveling waves in excitable media recorded under the same microelectrode array setup. Our findings suggest phase reorganization in neural coupled oscillators contribute significantly to the origin of transient β-LFP spatial dynamics during preparatory steady states and outline important constraints for spatially extended models of β-LFP dynamics in motor cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that a rich variety of transient β-local field potential (β-LFP) wave patterns emerge in motor cortex during preparatory steady states, despite stable neuronal firing rates. Furthermore, unlike optogenetically induced traveling waves, β-LFP waves showed no characteristic wavelength, presenting instead a range of scales with global phase synchrony as a limiting case. Overall, our statistical analyses suggest that transient phase reorganization in neural coupled oscillators, beyond purely excito-excitatory traveling waves, contribute significantly to the origin of motor cortex β-LFP wave patterns.

scholarly journals Dissociation between sustained single-neuron spiking and transient β-LFP oscillations in primate motor cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1524-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Rule ◽  
Carlos E. Vargas-Irwin ◽  
John P. Donoghue ◽  
Wilson Truccolo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Phase Coupling ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Transient Events

Determining the relationship between single-neuron spiking and transient (20 Hz) β-local field potential (β-LFP) oscillations is an important step for understanding the role of these oscillations in motor cortex. We show that whereas motor cortex firing rates and beta spiking rhythmicity remain sustained during steady-state movement preparation periods, β-LFP oscillations emerge, in contrast, as short transient events. Single-neuron mean firing rates within and outside transient β-LFP events showed no differences, and no consistent correlation was found between the beta oscillation amplitude and firing rates, as was the case for movement- and visual cue-related β-LFP suppression. Importantly, well-isolated single units featuring beta-rhythmic spiking (43%, 125/292) showed no apparent or only weak phase coupling with the transient β-LFP oscillations. Similar results were obtained for the population spiking. These findings were common in triple microelectrode array recordings from primary motor (M1), ventral (PMv), and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices in nonhuman primates during movement preparation. Although beta spiking rhythmicity indicates strong membrane potential fluctuations in the beta band, it does not imply strong phase coupling with β-LFP oscillations. The observed dissociation points to two different sources of variation in motor cortex β-LFPs: one that impacts single-neuron spiking dynamics and another related to the generation of mesoscopic β-LFP signals. Furthermore, our findings indicate that rhythmic spiking and diverse neuronal firing rates, which encode planned actions during movement preparation, may naturally limit the ability of different neuronal populations to strongly phase-couple to a single dominant oscillation frequency, leading to the observed spiking and β-LFP dissociation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that whereas motor cortex spiking rates and beta (~20 Hz) spiking rhythmicity remain sustained during steady-state movement preparation periods, β-local field potential (β-LFP) oscillations emerge, in contrast, as transient events. Furthermore, the β-LFP phase at which neurons spike drifts: phase coupling is typically weak or absent. This dissociation points to two sources of variation in the level of motor cortex beta: one that impacts single-neuron spiking and another related to the generation of measured mesoscopic β-LFPs.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Involved in Motor Cortex and Hypoglossal Neural Control to Improve Voluntary Swallowing of Poststroke Dysphagia Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Shuai Cui ◽  
Shuqi Yao ◽  
Chunxiao Wu ◽  
Lulu Yao ◽  
Peidong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Contrast Imaging

The descending motor nerve conduction of voluntary swallowing is mainly launched by primary motor cortex (M1). M1 can activate and regulate peripheral nerves (hypoglossal) to control the swallowing. Acupuncture at “Lianquan” acupoint (CV23) has a positive effect against poststroke dysphagia (PSD). In previous work, we have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) could regulate swallowing-related motor neurons and promote swallowing activity in the essential part of central pattern generator (CPG), containing nucleus ambiguus (NA), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) under the physiological condition. In the present work, we have investigated the effects of EA on the PSD mice in vivo and sought evidence for PSD improvement by electrophysiology recording and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). Four main conclusions can be drawn from our study: (i) EA may enhance the local field potential in noninfarction area of M1, activate the swallowing-related neurons (pyramidal cells), and increase the motor conduction of noninfarction area in voluntary swallowing; (ii) EA may improve the blood flow in both M1 on the healthy side and deglutition muscles and relieve PSD symptoms; (iii) EA could increase the motor conduction velocity (MCV) in hypoglossal nerve, enhance the EMG of mylohyoid muscle, alleviate the paralysis of swallowing muscles, release the substance P, and restore the ability to drink water; and (iv) EA can boost the functional compensation of M1 in the noninfarction side, strengthen the excitatory of hypoglossal nerve, and be involved in the voluntary swallowing neural control to improve PSD. This research provides a timely and necessary experimental evidence of the motor neural regulation in dysphagia after stroke by acupuncture in clinic.

scholarly journals Learning Task-Related Activities From Independent Local-Field-Potential Components Across Motor Cortex Layers

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martín-Vázquez ◽  
Toshitake Asabuki ◽  
Yoshikazu Isomura ◽  
Tomoki Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Learning Task

Correlation between Spike Potential and Field Potential in the Motor Cortex of Rats with Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Xiwen Geng ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Jinlu Xie ◽  
Guangheng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Spike Potential

scholarly journals A Dendritic Mechanism for Decoding Traveling Waves: Principles and Applications to Motor Cortex

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Heitmann ◽  
Tjeerd Boonstra ◽  
Michael Breakspear
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Traveling Waves

Traveling waves in excitable media

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-448
Author(s):  
T. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Excitable Media

scholarly journals Thalamocortical network connectivity controls spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical and thalamic traveling waves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayak Bhattacharya ◽  
Matthieu B. Le Cauchois ◽  
Pablo A. Iglesias ◽  
Zhe S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Thalamocortical Network ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractPropagation of neural activity in spatially structured neuronal networks has been observed in awake, anesthetized and sleeping brains. However, it remains unclear how traveling waves are coordinated temporally across recurrently connected brain structures, and how network connectivity affects spatiotemporal neural activity. Here we develop a computational model of a two-dimensional thalamocortical network that enables us to investigate traveling wave characteristics in space-time. We show that thalamocortical and intracortical network connectivity, excitation/inhibition balance, thalamocortical/corticothalamic delay can independently or jointly change the spatiotemporal patterns (radial, planar and rotating waves) and characteristics (speed, direction and frequency) of cortical and thalamic traveling waves. Simulations of our model further predict that increased thalamic inhibition induces slower cortical wave frequency, and enhanced cortical excitation increases cortical wave speed and oscillation frequencies. Overall, the model study provides not only theoretical insight into the basis for spatiotemporal wave patterns, but also experimental predictions that potentially control these dynamics.Author SummaryCognition or sensorimotor control requires the coordination of neural activity across widespread brain circuits. Propagating waves of oscillatory neural activities have been observed at both macroscopic and mesoscopic levels, with various frequencies, spatial coverage, and modalities. However, a complete understanding how thalamocortical traveling waves are originated and temporally coordinated in the thalamus and cortex are still unclear. Furthermore, it remains unknown how the network connectivity, excitation/inhibition balance, thalamocortical or corticothalamic delay determine the spatiotemporal wave patterns and characteristics of cortical and thalamic traveling waves. Here we develop a computational model of a two-dimensional thalamocortical network to investigate the thalamic and neocortical traveling wave characteristics in space-time, which allows us to quantitatively assess the impact of thalamocortical network properties on the formation and maintenance of complex traveling wave patterns. Our computational model provides strong theoretical insight into the basis of spatiotemporal wave propagation, as well as experimental predictions that control these wave dynamics.

scholarly journals Chronic Stability of Single-Channel Neurophysiological Correlates of Gross and Fine Reaching Movements in the Rat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Bundy ◽  
David J Guggenmos ◽  
Maxwell D Murphy ◽  
Randolph J. Nudo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Reaching Movements

AbstractFollowing injury to motor cortex, reorganization occurs throughout spared brain regions and is thought to underlie motor recovery. Unfortunately, the standard neurophysiological and neuroanatomical measures of post-lesion plasticity are only indirectly related to observed changes in motor execution. While substantial task-related neural activity has been observed during motor tasks in rodent primary motor cortex and premotor cortex, the long-term stability of these responses in healthy rats is uncertain, limiting the interpretability of longitudinal changes in the specific patterns of neural activity during motor recovery following injury. This study examined the stability of task-related neural activity associated with execution of reaching movements in healthy rodents. Rats were trained to perform a novel reaching task combining a ‘gross’ lever press and a ‘fine’ pellet retrieval. In each animal, two chronic microelectrode arrays were implanted in motor cortex spanning the caudal forelimb area (rodent primary motor cortex) and the rostral forelimb area (rodent premotor cortex). We recorded multiunit spiking and local field potential activity from 10 days to 7-10 weeks post-implantation to characterize the patterns of neural activity observed during each task component and analyzed the consistency of channel-specific task-related neural activity. Task-related changes in neural activity were observed on the majority of channels. While the task-related changes in multi-unit spiking and local field potential spectral power were consistent over several weeks, spectral power changes were more stable, despite the trade-off of decreased spatial and temporal resolution. These results show that rodent primary and premotor cortex are both involved in reaching movements with stable patterns of task-related activity across time, establishing the relevance of the rodent for future studies designed to examine changes in task-related neural activity during recovery from focal cortical lesions.

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