scholarly journals Peripheral vascular reactivity and serum BDNF responses to aerobic training are impaired by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Lemos ◽  
Cleber R. Alves ◽  
Sílvia B. C. de Souza ◽  
Julia D. C. Marsiglia ◽  
Michelle S. M. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Besides neuronal plasticity, the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is also important in vascular function. The BDNF has been associated with angiogenesis through its specific receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). Additionally, Val66Met polymorphism decreases activity-induced BDNF. Since BDNF and TrkB are expressed in vascular endothelial cells and aerobic exercise training can increase serum BDNF, this study aimed to test the hypotheses: 1) Serum BDNF levels modulate peripheral blood flow; 2) The Val66Met BDNF polymorphism impairs exercise training-induced vasodilation. We genotyped 304 healthy male volunteers (Val66Val, n = 221; Val66Met, n = 83) who underwent intense aerobic exercise training on a running track three times/wk for 4 mo. We evaluated pre- and post-exercise training serum BDNF and proBDNF concentration, heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), forearm blood flow (FBF), and forearm vascular resistance (FVR). In the pre-exercise training, BDNF, proBDNF, BDNF/proBDNF ratio, FBF, and FVR were similar between genotypes. After exercise training, functional capacity (V̇o2 peak) increased and HR decreased similarly in both groups. Val66Val, but not Val66Met, increased BDNF (interaction, P = 0.04) and BDNF/proBDNF ratio (interaction, P < 0.001). Interestingly, FBF (interaction, P = 0.04) and the FVR (interaction, P = 0.01) responses during handgrip exercise (HG) improved in Val66Val compared with Val66Met, even with similar responses of HR and MBP. There were association between BDNF/proBDNF ratio and FBF (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and FVR (r = −0.58, P < 0.001) during HG exercise. These results show that peripheral vascular reactivity and serum BDNF responses to exercise training are impaired by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and such responsiveness is associated with serum BDNF concentrations in healthy subjects.

Aerobic exercise training increases cerebral blood flow in postmenopausal women

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Akazawa ◽  
Youngju Choi ◽  
Asako Miyaki ◽  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
Ryuichi Ajisaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training differentially affects ACE C- and N-domain activities in humans: Interactions with ACE I/D polymorphism and association with vascular reactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147032031876172
Author(s):  
Cléber Rene Alves ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
José Ribeiro Lemos ◽  
Flávio de Castro Magalhães ◽  
Ivani Credidio Trombetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Ace Polymorphism ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
C And N ◽  
One Way Anova

Introduction: Previous studies have linked angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism (II, ID and DD) to physical performance. Moreover, ACE has two catalytic domains: NH2 (N) and COOH (C) with distinct functions, and their activity has been found to be modulated by ACE polymorphism. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of the interaction between aerobic exercise training (AET) and ACE I/D polymorphism on ACE N- and C-domain activities and vascular reactivity in humans. Materials and methods: A total of 315 pre-selected healthy males were genotyped for II, ID and DD genotypes. Fifty completed the full AET (II, n = 12; ID, n = 25; and DD, n = 13), performed in three 90-minute sessions weekly, in the four-month exercise protocol. Pre- and post-training resting heart rate (HR), peak O2 consumption (VO2 peak), mean blood pressure (MBP), forearm vascular conduction (FVC), total circulating ACE and C- and N-domain activities were assessed. One-way ANOVA and two -way repeated-measures ANOVA were used. Results: In pre-training, all variables were similar among the three genotypes. In post-training, a similar increase in FVC (35%) was observed in the three genotypes. AET increased VO2 peak similarly in II, ID and DD (49±2 vs. 57±1; 48±1 vs. 56±3; and 48±5 vs. 58±2 ml/kg/min, respectively). Moreover, there were no changes in HR and MBP. The DD genotype was also associated with greater ACE and C-domain activities at pre- and post-training when compared to II. AET decreased similarly the total ACE and C-domain activities in all genotypes, while increasing the N-domain activity in the II and DD genotypes. However, interestingly, the measurements of N-domain activity after training indicate a greater activity than the other genotypes. These results suggest that the vasodilation in response to AET may be associated with the decrease in total ACE and C-domain activities, regardless of genotype, and that the increase in N-domain activity is dependent on the DD genotype. Conclusions: AET differentially affects the ACE C- and N-domain activities, and the N-domain activity is dependent on ACE polymorphism.

scholarly journals Seven days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Mikus ◽  
Seth T. Fairfax ◽  
Jessica L. Libla ◽  
Leryn J. Boyle ◽  
Lauro C. Vianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Conduit Artery ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

The vasodilatory effects of insulin account for up to 40% of insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, insulin-stimulated vasodilation is impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes, limiting perfusion and delivery of glucose and insulin to target tissues. To determine whether exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion, a stimulus for increasing circulating insulin, we assessed femoral blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) in 11 overweight or obese (body mass index, 34 ± 1 kg/m2), sedentary (peak oxygen consumption, 23 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1) individuals (53 ± 2 yr) with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes (HbA1c, 6.63 ± 0.18%) before and after 7 days of supervised treadmill and cycling exercise (60 min/day, 60–75% heart rate reserve). Fasting glucose, insulin, and FBF were not significantly different after 7 days of exercise, nor were glucose or insulin responses to the OGTT. However, estimates of whole body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) increased ( P < 0.05). Before exercise training, FBF did not change significantly during the OGTT (1 ± 7, −7 ± 5, 0 ± 6, and 0 ± 5% of fasting FBF at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively). In contrast, after exercise training, FBF increased by 33 ± 9, 39 ± 14, 34 ± 7, and 48 ± 18% above fasting levels at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively ( P < 0.05 vs. corresponding preexercise time points). Additionally, postprandial glucose responses to a standardized breakfast meal consumed under “free-living” conditions decreased during the final 3 days of exercise ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, 7 days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow during an OGTT in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic exercise training and cranial electrotherapy stimulation on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese middle-aged women: a pilot clinical trial

Salud Mental ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Youn Cho ◽  
◽  
Wi-Young So ◽  
Hee-Tae Roh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Abstract Introduction. Obesity, a global pandemic, has been reported as a potential cause of various diseases, including high blood pressure, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Objective. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise and cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese women. Method. The subjects for this study were 36 obese middle-aged Korean women. Subjects were randomly divided into a control group (CON, n = 12), an aerobic exercise group (EX, n = 12), and an aerobic exercise and CES group (EX + CES, n = 12). CES was conducted with a micro current cranial electrotherapy stimulator for 20 minutes at 100 μA and 0.5 Hz. Aerobic exercise consisted of treadmill running for 40 minutes at 70% of the subjects’ heart rate reserve (HRR). Mood state was measured by the profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire, and blood collection was performed to examine levels of stress-related hormones (cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) before and after each intervention. Results. Plasma cortisol levels, as well as scores for Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, and Fatigue-Inertia were significantly decreased after intervention when compared with pre-intervention measurements in the EX and EX+CES groups (p < .05). Serum BDNF levels, serum NGF levels, and Vigor-Activity scores were significantly increased after intervention when compared with pre-intervention measurements in the EX and EX+CES groups (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in these findings between the EX and EX+CES groups (p > .05). Discussion and conclusion. These results suggest that aerobic exercise training could improve the mood state of obese middle-aged women through a decrease in serum cortisol and an increase in serum BDNF and NGF.

P2-637: THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING ON SERUM BDNF IN PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_18) ◽  
pp. P986-P986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Dougherty ◽  
Hyo Youl Moon ◽  
Elizabeth A. Boots ◽  
Andreas Becke ◽  
Emrah Düzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Serum Bdnf

scholarly journals MANFAAT LATIHAN OLAHRAGA AEROBIK TERHADAP KEBUGARAN FISIK MANUSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisly M. Palar ◽  
Djon Wongkar ◽  
Shane H. R. Ticoalu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Way

Abstract: Aerobic exercise is a kind of exercise systematically by increasing the load gradually and continuously using energy derived from the combustion using oxygen, and takes oxygen without causing fatigue. Examples of aerobic exercise is the way, jogging, running, cycling, and swimming. Physical fitness is the body’s ability to function effectively when working or doing other things, and still have enough energy to handle or emergencies that may arise. Before planning to do aerobic exercise, namely: the frequency of exercise three to five times every week, exercise intensity 60 - 80% of maximum heart rate, and duration of exercise 20 – 60 minutes.mConclusion: With regular aerobic exercise, blood flow to be smooth and speed up the disposal of metabolic waste substances, so that recovery takes place rapidly, and the person with not experience fatigue after performing the task, and still be able to perform other activities. Benefits of aerobic exercise training is increased physical fitness.Keywords: aerobic exercise, physical fitness.Abstrak: Latihan olahraga aerobik ialah aktivitas olahraga secara sistematis dengan peningkatan beban secara bertahap dan terus-menerus yang menggunakan energi yang berasal dari pembakaran dengan menggunakan oksigen, dan membutuhkan oksigen tanpa menimbulkan kelelahan.Contoh latihan olahraga aerobic adalah jalan, jogging, lari, bersepeda, dan renang. Kebugaran fisik adalah kemampuan tubuh untuk berfungsi secara efektif ketika bekerja atau melakukan aktivitas lainnya, dan masih memiliki cukup energi untuk menangani atau menghadapi keadaan darurat yang mungkin timbul. Sebelum merencanakan untuk melakukan latihan olahraga aerobik, perlu memperhatikan kriteria-kriteria yang berkaitan dengan takaran latihan, yaitu: frekuensi latihan tiga sampai lima kali setiap minggu, intensitas latihan 60-80% dari denyut jantung maksimal, dan durasi latihan 20 - 60 menit. Simpulan: Dengan pembuangan zat-zat sisa metabolisme, sehingga pemulihan berlangsung dengan cepat, dan seseorang tidak akan mengalami kelelahan setelah melaksanakan tugas, serta masih dapat melakukan aktivitas lainnya. Manfaat latihan olahraga aerobik ialah kebugaran fisik meningkat.Kata kunci: Latihan olahraga aerobik, kebugaran fisik.

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