The Relevance of Proton Induced X-Ray Analysis to the Study of Separate Mineral Phases

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 245-259
Author(s):  
H.J. Annegarn ◽  
R.J. Keddy ◽  
C.C.P. Madiba ◽  
M.J. Renan ◽  
J.P.F. Sellschop
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Incident Particle ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Analytical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Optimization Of Experimental Conditions ◽  
Separate Mineral

The sensitivity of proton induced X-ray analysis (PIXE) as a multi-element, non-destructive technique has been exhaustively reviewed recently. This follows the pioneering work of Johansson et al. in this field, in which sensitivities of 10-12g were announced. Between the dates of these two references (1970 and 1976 respectively), numerous papers have been published on the use of this technique and on the optimization of experimental conditions (choice of incident particle and energy in particular). The wide range of analytical applications reported at the Lund conference showed conclusively that PIXE has established itself as a viable and powerful analytical method.

The Relevance of Proton Induced X-Ray Analysis to the Study of Separate Mineral Phases

1978 ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Annegarn ◽  
R. J. Keddy ◽  
C. C. P. Madiba ◽  
M. J. Renan ◽  
J. P. F. Sellschop
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Separate Mineral

scholarly journals Theoretical study of the properties of X-ray diffraction moiré fringes. II. Illustration of angularly integrated moiré images

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-623
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Incident Wave ◽  
Angular Width ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Moiré Fringes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fringe Patterns

Using a theory of X-ray diffraction moiré fringes developed in a previous paper, labelled Part I [Yoshimura (2015). Acta Cryst. A71, 368–381], the X-ray moiré images of a silicon bicrystal having a weak curvature strain and an interspacing gap, assumed to be integrated for an incident-wave angular width, are simulation-computed over a wide range of crystal thicknesses and incident-wave angular width, likely under practical experimental conditions. Along with the simulated moiré images, the graphs of characteristic quantities on the moiré images are presented for a full understanding of them. The treated moiré images are all of rotation moiré. Mo Kα1 radiation and the 220 reflection were assumed in the simulation. The results of this simulation show that fringe patterns, which are significantly modified from simple straight fringes of rotation moiré, appear in some ranges of crystal thicknesses and incident-wave angular width, due to a combined effect of Pendellösung oscillation and an added phase difference from the interspacing gap, under the presence of a curvature strain. The moiré fringes which slope to the perpendicular direction to the diffraction vector in spite of the assumed condition of rotation moiré, and fringe patterns where low-contrast bands are produced with a sharp bend of fringes arising along the bands are examples of the modified fringe pattern. This simulation study provides a wide theoretical survey of the type of bicrystal moiré image produced under a particular condition.

scholarly journals Elements Identification in Golden Strawberries (Physalis Peruviana L.) using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Uğur Akbaba
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Non Destructive

Physalis peruviana (PP) is a popular exotic fruit due to its functional food properties. This product has a wide range of uses in the medical field, including treatments for cancer, malaria, hepatitis, dermatitis, rheumatism, weight loss, and diabetes. In this study, the PP element concentrations were investigated using a Wave Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (WDXRF). Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, P, S, Zn, Cl, K, Mg, Na, F, Si, and B were detected, and the Ca, Fe, Zn, P, Na, Mg elements were found in significant amounts. Therefore, PP has some important health elements. For example, Mg and Mn may be associated with diabetes control. WDXRF is a cheap, quick, and non-destructive technique used in the elemental analysis of plant samples.

scholarly journals Iron-containing phases in metallurgical and coke dusts as well as in bog iron ore

Nukleonika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Szumiata ◽  
Marzena Rachwał ◽  
Tadeusz Magiera ◽  
Katarzyna Brzózka ◽  
Małgorzata Gzik-Szumiata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Coke Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Abstract Several samples of dusts from steel and coke plants (collected mostly with electro filters) were subjected to the investigation of content of mineral phases in their particles. Additionally, sample of bog iron ore and metallurgical slurry was studied. Next, the magnetic susceptibility of all the samples was determined, and investigations of iron-containing phases were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The values of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility χ varied in a wide range: from 59 to above 7000 × 10−8 m-3·kg−1. The low values are determined for bog iron ore, metallurgical slurry, and coke dusts. The extremely high χ was obtained for metallurgical dusts. The Mössbauer spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns point to the presence of the following phases containing iron: hematite and oxidized magnetite (in coke and metallurgical dusts as well as metallurgical slurry), traces of magnetite fine grains fraction (in metallurgical dusts), amorphous glassy silicates with paramagnetic Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, traces of pyrrhotite (in coke dusts), α-Fe and nonstoichiometric wüstite (in metallurgical slurry), as well as ferrihydrite nanoparticles (in bog iron ore). For individual samples of metallurgical dusts, the relative contributions of Fe2+/3+ ions in octahedral B sites and Fe2+ ions in tetrahedral A sites in magnetite spinel structure differs considerably.

scholarly journals The microstructure investigation of plant architecture with X-ray microscopy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Ting La ◽  
Philipp Alexander Bastians ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, the plant morphology has been well studied by multiple approaches at cellular and subcellular levels. Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy techniques offer imaging of plant structures on a wide range of magnifications for researchers. However, subcellular imaging is still challenging in plant tissues like roots and seeds.ResultsHere we use a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology based on the ZEISS X-ray microscope (XRM) Versa and analyze several plant tissues from different plant species. The XRM provides new insights into plant structures using non-destructive imaging at high-resolution and high contrast. We also developed a workflow aiming to acquire accurate and high-quality images in the context of the whole specimen. Multiple plant samples including rice, tobacco, Arabidopsis and maize were used to display the differences of phenotypes, which indicates that the XRM is a powerful tool to investigate plant microstructure.ConclusionsOur work provides a novel observation method to evaluate and quantify tissue specific differences for a range of plant species. This new tool is suitable for non-destructive seed observation and screening.

Cladding Thickness of Fuel Elements by X-Rays

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Beverley James Lowe ◽  
Payson D. Sierer ◽  
Robert B. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uranium Fuel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fuel Elements ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Cladding Material

AbstractThe paper is based on a feasibility study to determine the suitability of various techniques for the non-destructive measurement of cladding thickness on uranium fuel elements. The techniques studied were: 1—the attentuation of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence from the uranium base metal by the cladding material, and 2—Compton scattering of X-rays from the cladding surface. The cladding materials used in the investigation were aluminum, 304 stainless steel and zirconium, providing a wide range of both atomic number and density.

Mineral phases and element composition of the copper hyperaccumulator lichen Lecanora polytropa

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. W. Purvis ◽  
B. Pawlik-Skowrońska ◽  
G. Cressey ◽  
G. C. Jones ◽  
A. Kearsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Metal Oxalate ◽  
Crystalline Aggregates ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractMineral phases and element localization were investigated in the vivid turquoise-coloured lichen, Lecanora polytropa, sampled from a psammite boulder in a wall supporting mine spoil at the abandoned copper mine, Riddarhyttan Kopparverke, southern Sweden. Normally pale yellowish (usnic acid), the lichen is turquoise coloured internally with bluish inclusions. X-ray mapping shows that Cu occurs on and within the lichen and does not coincide with P or S, suggesting that it is indeed associated with carbon or other elements not detected (or reported) using X-ray mapping. Scanning electron microscopy in back-scatter mode confirmed that the greatest Cu concentrations occur in the form of crystalline aggregates in coloured inclusions below the major internal turquoise layer with smaller Cu contents. X-ray diffraction with a position-sensitive detector (XRD-PSD) confirmed coloured crystalline aggregates consisted of the copper oxalate, moolooite. The study confirms the value of XRD-PSD as a non-destructive tool to characterize small (~50 μm) metal oxalate inclusions obtained from within lichen samples.

Combined Tem and X-Ray Topographic Characterization of InxGa1−xAs/GaAs Strained Layer Systems.

1990 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dudley ◽  
Gong-Da Yao ◽  
David Paine ◽  
David Howard ◽  
Robert N. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Dislocation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strained Layer ◽  
Dislocation Densities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Depth Sensitivity ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Defect Densities

ABSTRACTNovel application of a combination of TEM and non-destructive synchrotron X-ray topography in both Bragg and grazing Bragg-Laue geometries to the characterization of InxGa1−xAs/GaAs strained layer films is reported. Specialized epilayer lift-off procedures enabled TEM characterization of the defect distributions in macroscopic area films, effectively increasing the field of view of the technique by several orders of magnitude. These lateral distributions correlated well with those observed on both Bragg and grazing Bragg- Laue topographs. Grazing Bragg-Laue images also afforded depth sensitivity. Excellent correlations exist between results obtained with all these techniques for systems with a wide range of In concentrations, corresponding to a broad range of interfacial dislocation densities, although only results for x=;0.085 are presented. This work demonstrates that it is possible to bridge the gap that has traditionally existed between the areas of application of these two generic techniques, in terms of both tolerable defect densities and fields of view. This gap also spans the range of defect densities which is of interest in this and other systems.

Determination Of The Content Of Hf In Zirconium Alloys With Using A Wide Band X-Ray Emission Filter

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
O.P. Omelnyk ◽  
V.V. Levenets ◽  
A.Yu. Lonin ◽  
I.V. Shevchenko ◽  
A.O. Shchur
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Non Destructive

The possibilities of a non-destructive method of determination of the content of hafnium in zirconium alloys are studied. The method is based on excitation of the characteristic X-ray emission of the atoms of the object of interest, including the L-series of atom of Hf, by external beam of protons accelerated up to 2 MeV. The excited emission is modified by a wide band X-ray emission filter, which is made from pyrolytic graphite plates and measured by a Si-PIN detector. Optimal conditions for measurement of analytical signal were determined after experimental studying. It was shown that under the selected experimental conditions and the measurement time of 10 minutes, the detection limit of Hf in the zirconium matrix is equal 20 ppm. The ways for improving of the metrological characteristics of the technique in the presence of interfering elements are proposed. The content of hafnium and uniformity of its distribution in the cladding of nuclear fuel rod made from the alloy Zr1% Nb was determined.

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