Animals withCoxiella burnetiiInfection Demonstrate a Western Immunoblot Profile of Chronic Q Fever in Humans

Western immunoblotting was used to compare the immune response toCoxiella burnetiiphase I and phase II antigens of humans with acute and chronic Q fever with that of infected cats, rabbits, cows and raccoons. The cats, rabbits, cows and raccoons had an immunoblot profile similar to that of the human with chronic Q fever.

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The Immune Response to Phase I and Phase II Coxiella burnetii Antigens as Measured by Western Immunoblotting

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42220.x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 590 (1 Rickettsiolog) ◽

pp. 187-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. M. BLONDEAU ◽

J. C. WILLIAMS ◽

T. J. MARRIE

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Western Immunoblotting

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The immune response in a cat-related outbreak of Q fever as measured by the indirect immunofluorescence test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m90-050 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 292-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. Embil ◽

J. C. Williams ◽

T. J. Marrie

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Q Fever ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Whole Cells ◽

Chronic Q Fever ◽

Acute Q Fever ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescent

The isotypic immune response of 16 individuals who developed Q fever pneumonia following exposure to an infected parturient cat was studied. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) test was used to detect IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies to phase I and phase II Coxiella burnetii whole-cell antigens and to the phase I lipopolysaccharide. The indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test was also used to detect antibodies to phase I and phase II whole cells. None of the 16 subjects developed antibodies to the phase I lipopoly saccharide. The ELISA was more sensitive than the IFA test. IgM antibodies to phase II antigen were detectable by ELISA in 80% of the subjects at the time of onset of symptoms and were still present in 7 of the 8 tested at 32 weeks following the onset of symptoms. In all instances (ELISA: IgG, IgM; IFA: IgG, IgM) phase II antibodies developed earlier and reached higher levels than did phase I antibodies. The absence of antibodies to phase I lipopolysaccharide in acute Q fever combined with our unpublished findings of antibodies to phase I lipopoly saccharide in chronic Q fever suggests that this test may be used to distinguish acute from chronic Q fever. Key words: Q fever, immune response, ELISA.

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Questing one Brazilian query: reporting 16 cases of Q fever from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652006000100002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Costa ◽

Marco Emilio Brigatte ◽

Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽

Q Fever ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Case Series ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Clinical Form ◽

Chronic Q Fever

Q fever has been considered non-existing in Brazil where reports of clinical cases still cannot be found. This case-series of 16 patients is a result of a systematic search for such illness by means of clinical and serologic criteria. Serologic testing was performed by the indirect microimmunofluorescence technique using phase I/II C. burnetii antigens. Influenza-like syndrome was the most frequent clinical form (eight cases - 50%), followed by pneumonia, FUO (fever of unknown origin), mono-like syndrome (two cases - 12.5% each), lymphadenitis (one case - 6.3%) and spondylodiscitis associated with osteomyelitis (one case - 6.3%). The ages varied from four to 67 years old with a median of 43.5. All but one patient had positive serologic tests for phase II IgG whether or not associated with IgM positivity compatible with acute infection. One patient had both phase I and phase II IgG antibodies compatible with chronic Q fever. Seroconvertion was detected in 10 patients. Despite the known limitations of serologic diagnosis, the cases here reported should encourage Brazilian doctors to include Q fever as an indigenous cause of febrile illness.

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Truckin' pneumonia—an outbreak of Q fever in a truck repair plant probably due to aerosols from clothing contaminated by contact with newborn kittens

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800029757 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Thomas J. Marrie ◽

Donald Langille ◽

Vasilia Papukna ◽

Linda Yates

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Q Fever ◽

The Other ◽

High Antibody ◽

First Case ◽

The Family ◽

Antibody Titres

SUMMARYWe describe an outbreak of Q fever affecting 16 of 32 employees at a truck repair plant. None of the cases were exposed to cattle, sheep or goats. the traditional reservoirs of Q fever. The cases did not work, live on, or visit farms or attend livestock auctions. One of the employees had a cat which gave birth to kittens 2 weeks prior to the first case of Q fever in the plant. The cat owner fed the kittens every day before coming to work as the cat would not let the kittens suckle. Serum from the cat had high antibody titres to phase I and phase IICoxiella burnetiiantigens. The attack rate among the employees where the cat owner worked. 13 of 19 (68%), was higher than that of employees elsewhere, 3 of 13 (28%) [P <0·01]. The cat owner's wife and son also developed Q fever. None of the family members of the other employees with Q fever was so affected.We conclude that this outbreak of Q fever probably resulted from exposure to the contaminated clothing of the cat owner.

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Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic Acute Q Fever Do Not Prohibit IgG Antibody Responses to Coxiella burnetii

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00322-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1661-1666 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C. C. H. Wielders ◽

L. M. Kampschreur ◽

P. M. Schneeberger ◽

M. M. Jager ◽

A. I. M. Hoepelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Q Fever ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Acute Q Fever

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the effect of timing of antibiotic treatment on development of IgG antibodies following acute Q fever. We studied IgG antibody responses in symptomatic patients diagnosed either before or during development of the serologic response toCoxiella burnetii. Between 15 and 31 May 2009, 186 patients presented with acute Q fever, of which 181 were included in this retrospective study: 91 early-diagnosed (ED) acute Q fever patients, defined as negative IgM phase II enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and positive PCR, and 90 late-diagnosed (LD) acute Q fever patients, defined as positive/dubious IgM phase II ELISA and positive immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Follow-up serology at 3, 6, and 12 months was performed using IFA (IgG phase I and II). High IgG antibody titers were defined as IgG phase II titers of ≥1:1,024 together with IgG phase I titers of ≥1:256. At 12 months, 28.6% of ED patients and 19.5% of LD patients had high IgG antibody titers (P= 0.17). No statistically significant differences were found in frequencies of IgG phase I and IgG phase II antibody titers at all follow-up appointments for adequately and inadequately treated patients overall, as well as for ED and LD patients analyzed separately. Additionally, no significant difference was found in frequencies of high antibody titers and between early (treatment started within 7 days after seeking medical attention) and late timing of treatment. This study indicates that early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of acute Q fever do not prohibit development of the IgG antibody response.

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Culture under normoxic conditions and enhanced virulence of phase II Coxiella burnetii transformed with a RSF1010-based shuttle vector

10.1101/747220 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shengdong Luo ◽

Zemin He ◽

Zhihui Sun ◽

Yonghui Yu ◽

Yongqiang Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Q Fever ◽

Shuttle Vector ◽

Axenic Culture ◽

Hypoxic Condition ◽

Kanamycin Resistance ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Egfp Gene

AbstractCoxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular microorganism that can cause acute or chronic Q fever in human. It was recognized as an obligate intracellular organism until the revolutionary design of an axenic cystine culture medium (ACCM). Present axenic culture of C. burnetii strictly requires a hypoxic condition (<10% oxygen). Here we investigated the normoxic growth of C. burnetii strains in ACCM-2 with or without tryptophan supplementation. Three C. burnetii strains - Henzerling phase I, Nine Mile phase II and a Nine Mile phase II transformant, were included. The transformant contains a pMMGK plasmid that is composed of a RSF1010 ori, a repABC operon, an eGFP gene and a kanamycin resistance cassette. We found that, under normoxia if staring from an appropriate concentration of fresh age inocula, Nine Mile phase II can grow significantly in ACCM-2 with tryptophan, while the transformant can grow robustly in ACCM-2 with or without tryptophan. In contrast, long-term frozen stocks of phase II and its transformant, and Henzerling phase I of different ages had no growth capability under normoxia under any circumstances. Furthermore, frozen stocks of the transformant consistently caused large splenomegaly in SCID mice, while wild type Nine Mile phase II induced a lesser extent of splenomegaly. Taken together, our data show that normoxic cultivation of phase II C. burnetii can be achieved under certain conditions. Our data suggests that tryptophan and an unknown temperature sensitive signal are involved in the expression of genes for normoxic growth regulated by quorum sensing in C. burnetii.

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Predominant Immunoglobulin A Response to Phase II Antigen of Coxiella burnetii in Acute Q Fever

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.6.2.173-177.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pierre-Edouard Fournier ◽

Didier Raoult

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Q Fever ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Chronic Q Fever ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Acute Q Fever

ABSTRACT Diagnosis of acute Q fever is usually confirmed by serology, on the basis of anti-phase II antigen immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers of ≥1:50 and IgG titers of ≥1:200. Phase I antibodies, especially IgG and IgA, are predominant in chronic forms of the disease. However, between January 1982 and June 1998, we observed anti-phase II antigen IgA titers of ≥1:200 as the sole or main antibody response in 10 of 1,034 (0.96%) patients with acute Q fever for whom information was available. In order to determine whether specific epidemiological or clinical factors were associated with these serological profiles, we conducted a retrospective case-control study that included completion of a standardized questionnaire, which was given to 40 matched controls who also suffered from acute Q fever. The mean age of patients with elevated phase II IgA titers was significantly higher than that usually observed for patients with acute Q fever (P = 0.026); the patients were also more likely than controls to live in rural areas (P = 0.026) and to have increased levels of transaminase in blood (P = 0.03). Elevated IgA titers are usually associated with chronic Q fever and are directed mainly at phase I antigens. Although the significance of our findings is unexplained, we herein emphasize the fact that IgA antibodies are not specific for chronic forms of Q fever and that they may occasionally be observed in patients with acute disease. Moreover, as such antibody profiles may not be determined by most laboratories, which test only for total antibody titers to phase I and II antigens, the three isotype-specific Ig titers should be determined as the first step in diagnosing Q fever.

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Infection by Coxiella burnetii in a patient from a rural area of Monteria, Colombia

Revista de Salud Pública ◽

10.15446/rsap.v16n6.40086 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 958-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Salim Mattar V ◽

Verónica Contreras C ◽

Marco Gonzalez T ◽

Francisco Camargo ◽

Jaime Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Rural Area ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽

Q Fever ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Antibody Titers

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. In Colombia, there have been very few human cases reported to date. This report describes the case of a 56-year-old patient with a background in agriculture and livestock handling. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed high titers of IgG for C. burnetii anti-phase I (1: 256) and anti-phase II (1:1024). For the next six months the patient’s IgG antibody titers remained high, and, after treatment with doxycycline, the IgG antibody titers decreased to 50 % (anti-phase I 1:128 and anti-phase II 1:512); this profile suggests an infection of C. burnetii.

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Seroepidemiology of Q fever in New Brunswick and Manitoba

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m88-183 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 1043-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Thomas J. Marrie

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

New Brunswick ◽

Antibody Titer ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Q Fever ◽

Immunofluorescence Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescence Test

A seroepidemiological survey, using an indirect immunofluorescence test, was carried out on serum samples obtained from New Brunswick and Manitoba blood donors during 1986. The antigens were Coxiella burnetii phase I and phase II from strain Nine Mile. Eighty of the 503 (15.9%) Manitoba blood donors had a phase II antibody titer of ≥ 1:8, while 41 (4.2%) of the 966 New Brunswick blood donors had such antibodies. We have recently diagnosed three cases of Q fever in New Brunswick but none have been diagnosed in Manitoba. Our data suggest that Q fever may be increasing in New Brunswick and repeated seroepidemiological studies are indicated. It is likely that undetected cases of Q fever are occurring in Manitoba.

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