scholarly journals How Nova Scotia General Practitioners Choose Antibiotics for the Empirical Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Jacob Pendergrast ◽  
Thomas J Marrie

OBJECTIVE: To gain an understanding of how physicians in general practice choose antibiotics for the empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).DESIGN: Questionnaire with three sample cases of CAP and a knowledge assessment (mailed to half of the physicians).POPULATION STUDIED: Nova Scotia family physicians.RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-four of the 841 (21.9%) physicians who were mailed a questionnaire responded. A knowledge assessment showed satisfactory knowledge except in two areas - an overestimation of the prevalence of penicillin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniaein Nova Scotia and the view that ciprofloxacin was an effective antibiotic for the treatment of CAP (42% of physicians). As the complexity of the case increased, there was decreasing consensus regarding the choice of antibiotic therapy and a decline in prescribing according to guidelines for the treatment of CAP. Also, as the complexity of the cases increased, it became increasingly difficult to discern a decision-making strategy. For the simplest case - a 17-year-old male with presumedMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia - physician factors (age, family practice training), desire to target specific pathogens, and concern with resistance and side effects affected the choice of antibiotic. However, for the most complex case - a 45-year-old female with severe pneumonia - familiarity with such a case was the only significant factor and led to treatment with a combination of antibiotics designed to treat both typical and atypical pathogens.CONCLUSIONS: For uncomplicated cases of CAP, physician factors, desire to treat specific pathogens and concern with resistance affect the choice of antibiotic therapy. For complex cases, familiarity with such cases was the only factor that influenced choice of antibiotic therapy.

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
S. A. Tochilo ◽  
Yu. G. Nikiforova

Objective : to analyze our own experience and literature data on the use of targeted antibacterial therapy in a patient with severe pneumonia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Materials. The work presents a clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and MODS, caused by multidrug resistant pathogens. Targeted antibiotic therapy was used during the treatment of the patient. Discussion . We have done a review of the literature and our own data on the antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia. The targeted antibacterial therapy in severe patients having a multidrug-resistant flora and MODS has the following features: it includes several drugs, is administered by courses, is often combined with antimycotic drugs, antibacterial drugs can be used via inhalation. The evaluation of clinical data, blood counts, as well as indicators of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and cholesterol provide substantial assistance during the monitoring of the therapy effectiveness. Conclusion. Among all the components of intensive care in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and MODS, etiotropic therapy plays a leading role.


CHEST Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 389A
Author(s):  
Diego Maselli ◽  
Juan Fernandez ◽  
Oriol Sibila ◽  
Elena Laserna ◽  
Eric Mortensen ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Е.Е. Краснова ◽  
В.В. Чемоданов ◽  
Е.Г. Кузнецова

Пневмония – острое инфекционно-воспалительное заболевание легких преимущественно бактериальной этиологии, характеризующееся выраженной в разной степени дыхательной недостаточностью, токсическими и респираторными нарушениями, локальными физикальными симптомами, а также инфильтративными изменениями на рентгенограмме. Заболеваемость внебольничными пневмониями повышается в октябре-декабре, достигая максимума в январе-апреле, коррелируя с сезонным повышением уровня острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Схожесть симптомов дебюта пневмонии с проявлениями острых респираторных вирусных инфекций может привести к несвоевременной ее диагностике и, как следствие, к отсроченному началу лечения. Поэтому в период сезонной заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями должна повышаться настороженность врачей-педиатров в отношении внебольничной пневмонии. Антибактериальная терапия оказывает решающее влияние на прогноз пневмонии, поэтому при достоверном диагнозе или у больного в тяжелом состоянии с вероятным диагнозом ее следует начать незамедлительно. Выбор антибиотика в каждом случае внебольничной пневмонии проводят индивидуально с учетом природной активности препаратов в отношении предполагаемого возбудителя и их возможной приобретенной резистентности, тяжести и течения заболевания, наличия у пациента противопоказаний к использованию тех или иных антибиотиков. В статье приводятся сведения о диагностических критериях внебольничных пневмоний. Рассмотрены вопросы антибактериального лечения типичной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разных возрастных групп амоксициллином с клавулановой кислотой и показана его эффективность. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют заключить, что пероральное использование одного курса защищенного аминопенициллина эффективно при лечении типичной внебольничной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разного возраста, о чем свидетельствует ликвидация основных клинических проявлений болезни в короткие сроки. Pneumonia is an acute infectious and inflammatory lung disease of predominantly bacterial etiology, characterized by respiratory failure, toxic and respiratory disorders, local physical symptoms, and infiltrative changes on the roentgenogram. The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia increases in October-December, reaching a maximum in January-April, correlating with the seasonal increase in the level of acute respiratory viral infections. The similarity of the symptoms of the onset of pneumonia with the manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections can lead to its untimely diagnosis and, as a consequence, to a delayed start of treatment. Therefore, during the period of seasonal morbidity with respiratory infections, the alertness of pediatricians in relation to community-acquired pneumonia should increase. Antibiotic therapy has a decisive influence on the prognosis of pneumonia, therefore, with a reliable diagnosis or in a patient in serious condition with a probable diagnosis, it should be started immediately. The choice of antibiotic in each case of community-acquired pneumonia is carried out individually, taking into account the natural activity of the drugs in relation to the alleged pathogen and their possible acquired resistance, the severity and course of the disease, the patient's contraindications to the use of certain antibiotics. The article provides information on the diagnostic criteria for community-acquired pneumonia. The issues of antibacterial treatment of typical non-severe pneumonia in children of different age groups with amoxicillin with clavulanic acid are considered and its effectiveness is shown. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the oral use of one course of protected aminopenicillin is effective in the treatment of typical community-acquired non-severe pneumonia in children of different ages, as evidenced by the elimination of the main clinical manifestations of the disease in a short time.


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