Clinical Outcome with Oral Linezolid and Rifampin Following Recurrent Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia Despite Prolonged Vancomycin Treatment

Drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, especiallyStaphylococcus aureus, are emerging as the predominant organisms involved in both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Since the 1980s, vancomycin has been the first-line antibiotic used to treat methicillin-resistantS aureus. However, allergy and intolerance to vancomycin, the increasing number of vancomycin clinical failures and the existence of vancomycin intermediate-susceptible isolates ofS aureussuggest that new antibiotics are needed. This paper reports the only known case of a successful clinical outcome with long term oral linezolid and rifampin therapy in the management of recurrent and persistent methicillin-resistantS aureusbacteremia with metastatic infections despite prolonged vancomycin use. More than two years since the initiation of linezolid and rifampin, the study patient has been clinically well with no evidence of adverse drug reactions including cytopenia and hepatic toxicities. Physicians must be aware of the novel developments in antibiotic therapy to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.

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Antibacterial activity of Taxodium ascendens Diterpenes against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900817 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Courtney M. Starks ◽

Vanessa L. Norman ◽

Russell B. Williams ◽

Matt G. Goering ◽

Stephanie M. Rice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Methicillin Resistant

One new and seven known diterpenes were identified from an antibacterial chromatographic fraction of Taxodium ascendens. Of these, demethylcryptojaponol (2), 6-hydroxysalvinolone (3), hydroxyferruginol (4), and hinokiol (5) demonstrated potent activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These compounds represent a class of synthetically accessible compounds that could be further developed for treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

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Antibiotics in Development for the Treatment of Resistant Bacterial Disease

Hospital Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/0018578717741393 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 38-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan Kidd ◽

Scot Walker

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

New Antibiotics

Many bacterial infections can be treated with the use of antibiotics. These medications continue to reduce morbidity and mortality; unfortunately, their use has brought about drug-resistant pathogens that produce difficult-to-treat infections, which require more extreme treatments. New antibiotics are needed to combat this ever-evolving resistance pathogenesis.

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Potent trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio and pentafluorosulfanyl containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria

RSC Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c9md00391f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 102-110

Author(s):

George A. Naclerio ◽

Nader S. Abutaleb ◽

Kenneth I. Onyedibe ◽

Mohamed N. Seleem ◽

Herman O. Sintim

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistant ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Switching from bacteriostatic against methicillin-resistant S. aureus to bactericidal via SCF3 or SF5 substitution.

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Comparative Analysis ofViperidaeVenoms Antibacterial Profile: a Short Communication for Proteomics

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nen052 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bruno L. Ferreira ◽

Dilvani O. Santos ◽

André Luis dos Santos ◽

Carlos R. Rodrigues ◽

Cícero C. de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Future Design ◽

Important Health ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Lachesis Muta ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Bacterial infections involving multidrug-resistant strains are one of the ten leading causes of death and an important health problem in need for new antibacterial sources and agents. Herein, we tested and compared four snake venoms (Agkistrodon rhodostoma, Bothrops jararaca, B. atrox and Lachesis muta) against 10 Gram-positive and Gram-negative drug-resistant clinical bacteria strains to identify them as new sources of potential antibacterial molecules. Our data revealed that, as efficient as some antibiotics currently on the market (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1–32 μg mL−1),A. rhodostomaandB. atroxvenoms were active againstStaphylococcus epidermidisandEnterococcus faecalis(MIC = 4.5 μg mL−1), whileB. jararacainhibitedS. aureusgrowth (MIC = 13 μg ml−1). As genomic and proteomic technologies are improving and developing rapidly, our results suggested thatA. rhodostoma, B. atroxandB. jararacavenoms and glands are feasible sources for searching antimicrobial prototypes for future design new antibiotics against drug-resistant clinical bacteria. They also point to an additional perspective to fully identify the pharmacological potential of these venoms by using different techniques.

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The Profile of Multi Drug Resistant Bacterial Infections in Long Term Care Facility

The Egyptian Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology ◽

10.21608/ejgg.2017.5345 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

EL Bedewy R

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Care Facility ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Term Care ◽

Term Care Facility ◽

Long Term Care Facility

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Fosfomycin

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.00068-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 321-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 193

Author(s):

Matthew E. Falagas ◽

Evridiki K. Vouloumanou ◽

George Samonis ◽

Konstantinos Z. Vardakas

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

New Antibiotics

SUMMARYThe treatment of bacterial infections suffers from two major problems: spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens and lack of development of new antibiotics active against such MDR and XDR bacteria. As a result, physicians have turned to older antibiotics, such as polymyxins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Lately, due to development of resistance to these agents, fosfomycin has gained attention, as it has remained active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR and XDR bacteria. New data of higher quality have become available, and several issues were clarified further. In this review, we summarize the available fosfomycin data regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thein vitroactivity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mechanisms of resistance and development of resistance during treatment, synergy and antagonism with other antibiotics, clinical effectiveness, and adverse events. Issues that need to be studied further are also discussed.

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Divergent Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Pathways in Staphylococcus Species Constitute a Drug Target for Treating Infections in Companion Animals

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00258-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ana M. Misic ◽

Christine L. Cain ◽

Daniel O. Morris ◽

Shelley C. Rankin ◽

Daniel P. Beiting

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Soft Tissue Infections ◽

Content Type ◽

Staphylococcal Infections ◽

Nonmevalonate Pathway ◽

New Antibiotics

ABSTRACT Drug-resistant Staphylococcus species are a major concern in human and veterinary medicine. There is a need for new antibiotics that exhibit a selective effect in treating infections in companion and livestock animals and that would not be used to treat human bacterial infections. We have identified fosmidomycin as an antibiotic that selectively targets certain Staphylococcus species that are often encountered in skin infections in cats and dogs. These findings expand our understanding of Staphylococcus evolution and may have direct implications for treating staphylococcal infections in veterinary medicine. Staphylococcus species are a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in humans and animals, and the antibiotics used to treat these infections are often the same. Methicillin- and multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections are becoming more common in human and veterinary medicine. From a “One Health” perspective, this overlap in antibiotic use and resistance raises concerns over the potential spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis revealed that Staphylococcus species use divergent pathways to synthesize isoprenoids. Species frequently associated with skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals, including S. schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius, use the nonmevalonate pathway. In contrast, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. lugdunensis use the mevalonate pathway. The antibiotic fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of the nonmevalonate pathway, was effective in killing canine clinical staphylococcal isolates but had no effect on the growth or survival of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. These data identify an essential metabolic pathway in Staphylococcus that differs among members of this genus and suggest that drugs such as fosmidomycin, which targets enzymes in the nonmevalonate pathway, may be an effective treatment for certain staphylococcal infections. IMPORTANCE Drug-resistant Staphylococcus species are a major concern in human and veterinary medicine. There is a need for new antibiotics that exhibit a selective effect in treating infections in companion and livestock animals and that would not be used to treat human bacterial infections. We have identified fosmidomycin as an antibiotic that selectively targets certain Staphylococcus species that are often encountered in skin infections in cats and dogs. These findings expand our understanding of Staphylococcus evolution and may have direct implications for treating staphylococcal infections in veterinary medicine.

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Polishing the tarnished silver bullet: the quest for new antibiotics

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20160077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mark A.T. Blaskovich ◽

Mark S. Butler ◽

Matthew A. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Market Failure ◽

Therapeutic Options ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Silver Bullet

We are facing a potential catastrophe of untreatable bacterial infections, driven by the inexorable rise of extensively drug-resistant bacteria, coupled with a market failure of pharmaceutical and biotech companies to deliver new therapeutic options. While global recognition of the problem is finally apparent, solutions are still a long way from being implemented. In addition to drug stewardship programmes and better diagnostics, new antibiotics are desperately needed. The question remains as to how to achieve this goal. This review will examine the different strategies being applied to discover new antibiotics.

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Prospects of Inhaled Phage Therapy for Combatting Pulmonary Infections

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.758392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Wang ◽

Zuozhou Xie ◽

Jinhong Zhao ◽

Zhenghua Zhu ◽

Chen Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Targeted Delivery ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Phage Therapy ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Pulmonary Delivery ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Pulmonary Infections ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Adjunct Treatment ◽

New Antibiotics

With respiratory infections accounting for significant morbidity and mortality, the issue of antibiotic resistance has added to the gravity of the situation. Treatment of pulmonary infections (bacterial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis-associated bacterial infections, tuberculosis) is more challenging with the involvement of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, which act as etiological agents. Furthermore, with the dearth of new antibiotics available and old antibiotics losing efficacy, it is prudent to switch to non-antibiotic approaches to fight this battle. Phage therapy represents one such approach that has proven effective against a range of bacterial pathogens including drug resistant strains. Inhaled phage therapy encompasses the use of stable phage preparations given via aerosol delivery. This therapy can be used as an adjunct treatment option in both prophylactic and therapeutic modes. In the present review, we first highlight the role and action of phages against pulmonary pathogens, followed by delineating the different methods of delivery of inhaled phage therapy with evidence of success. The review aims to focus on recent advances and developments in improving the final success and outcome of pulmonary phage therapy. It details the use of electrospray for targeted delivery, advances in nebulization techniques, individualized controlled inhalation with software control, and liposome-encapsulated nebulized phages to take pulmonary phage delivery to the next level. The review expands knowledge on the pulmonary delivery of phages and the advances that have been made for improved outcomes in the treatment of respiratory infections.

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