scholarly journals Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Responses in Persons with Chronic Hepatitis C Infections: A Review of the Evidence and Current Recommendations

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A Buxton ◽  
Jin Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Surface Antibody

In persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, superinfection by hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause serious complications, including fulminating hepatitis or increased severity of hepatitis. Therefore, it is important to adequately protect persons with chronic HCV infections by immunization. Suboptimal response to vaccines has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. The present article reviews HAV and HBV vaccine responses reported in the literature when administered to individuals with chronic HCV infection, and reviews current national and international recommendations.RESULTS: Persons with chronic HCV respond well to HAV vaccine, but studies exploring HBV vaccine efficacy in this population have equivocal results. Vaccine schedules and participant characteristics differ among studies, and most do not adjust for confounders. Some studies found no difference in HBV vaccine response between patients with chronic HCV and controls. However, HBV vaccine response was generally reduced in those with cirrhosis and HCV genotype 1. Organizations recommend HAV and HBV vaccines for persons with chronic HCV, but do not suggest alterations in schedule or dose.RECOMMENDATIONS: Because HAV vaccine response is good and routine laboratory testing may not detect lower levels of vaccine-induced anti-HAV, the standard HAV vaccine schedule is recommended without postimmunization testing. HBV vaccine should be administered early in the course of chronic HCV infection because response may be lower in patients with cirrhosis. Reflex testing of anti-HCV reactive sera for anti-HAV and hepatitis B surface antibody can facilitate appropriate follow-up and timely immunization. Determination of postimmunization hepatitis B surface antibody, especially in patients with cirrhosis or genotype 1, will allow HBV vaccine boosters to be offered.

scholarly journals Low response rates to hepatitis B vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis C

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5189
Author(s):  
Cláudia Alexandra Pontes Ivantes ◽  
Tiago Zibetti Dos Passos ◽  
João Marcelo Marchi Moraes ◽  
Nicole Espindula Mattar ◽  
Tereza Reck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Hbv Vaccine

Background: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease with converging routes of transmission with hepatitis C, making vaccination important in hepatitis C infected people. The objective was to evaluate the vaccine response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV).Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted between November 2018 and April 2020. Subjects with anti-HBs levels ≥10 mUI/ml were considered protected against HBV and those with chronic HCV who did not receive at least one dose of the vaccine schedule or with anti-HBc reagent or even with anti-HBs positive prior to the first dose documented in the HBV vaccine record were excluded. The immune response rates to VHB vaccine in patients with HCV was obtained and different variables were analysed.Results: The study group was compound of 370 subjects. The majority (55.7%) were male, with a median age of 55.6±11 years. Regarding present or past smoking, 56.9% of patients reported that were active or past tobacco users. HCV genotype 1 corresponded to 59.7% of the cases, followed by genotype 3 (36.88%). One hundred and fourteen (30.9%) of the patients had liver cirrhosis. The immune response to complete HBV vaccine was 62.3%, whereas the response to a single dose was 57.1% (p=1). Only the age of the patient at first dose (p=0.030), smoking status (p=0.017) and the presence of cirrhosis (p=0.046) influenced the immune response to HBV vaccine.Conclusions: The rate of immune response to standard schedule of HBV vaccination in patients with HCV was low (62.3%).

scholarly journals Newer molecules and new hopes in the management of chronic hepatitis C

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Showkat Ali Zargar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Chronic hepatitis C is highly prevalent with prevalence rate of around 3% involving about 180 million people worldwide, despite major advances in its understanding of viral 1 pathogenesis and significant evolution in antiviral therapies. Most of the patients develop chronic infection because the virus evades the host immune response in majority of patients. Chronic HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Complications of HCV-related cirrhosis are the leading indication for liver transplantation in United States and Europe...... J Med Sci 2010;13(2): 39-40.

scholarly journals Liver Biopsies for Chronic Hepatitis C: Should Nonultrasound-Guided Biopsies Be Abandoned?

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Flemming ◽  
David J Hurlbut ◽  
Ben Mussari ◽  
Lawrence C Hookey
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Chronic Hcv

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Liver biopsy has been the gold standard for grading and staging chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-mediated liver injury. Traditionally, this has been performed by trained practitioners using a nonimage-guided percutaneous technique at the bedside. Recent literature suggests an expanding role for radiologists in obtaining biopsies using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique. The present study was undertaken study to determine if the two techniques produced liver biopsy specimens of similar quality and hypothesized that at our institution, non-US-guided percutaneous liver biopsies for HCV would be of higher quality than US-guided specimens.METHODS: Liver biopsies from 100 patients with chronic HCV infection (50 consecutive US-guided and 50 consecutive non-US-guided), were retrospectively identified using a hospital histopathology database. All original biopsy slides were coded and prospectively reanalyzed by a single hepatopathologist who was blinded to the technique used in obtaining the biopsy. Additionally, all liver biopsies for chronic HCV infection completed at the centre from 1998 to 2007 were identified and the technique used was recorded. Biopsy quality was determined primarily by the number of complete portal tracts (CPTs) identifiable in the slides. The total length of specimen and the degree of fragmentation were secondary outcome measures.RESULTS: There was a slight difference observed between the US-guided and non-US-guided groups in mean age (46.3 years versus 42.5 years, repectively; P=0.018) but no differences in sex, presence of cirrhosis, bilirubin, creatinine, international normalized ratio, and grade or stage of disease. Biopsies obtained using the US-guided technique produced higher quality specimens than the non-US-guided technique based on our primary outcome of number of CPTs in the biopsy (11.8 versus 7.4; P<0.001). US-guided specimens also were longer (24.4 mm versus 19.7 mm; P=0.001), had less fragmentation (P=0.016), and a higher overall histopathological quality assessment (P=0.026) than the non-US-guided biopsies. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the ability to grade and stage the disease (96% US-guided versus 90% in non-US-guided (P=0.20). Over a 10-year period, 763 biopsies for chronic HCV infection were identified with an obvious trend toward the increased use of US-guided technique observed at 2% in 1998 to 85% in 2007.CONCLUSIONS: US-guided liver biopsies for chronic HCV are the most common method of obtaining specimens at the Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, and are of higher quality than non-US-guided specimens. However, there is no significant difference in the two techniques in the ability to grade and stage chronic HCV.

scholarly journals The Correlation between miR-122 and Lipoprotein Lipase Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Sidorkiewicz ◽  
Martyna Grek-Kowalinska ◽  
Anna Piekarska
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Chronic HCV infection is strictly associated with host lipid/lipoprotein metabolism disorders. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between viral load, lipid profile, IFNγ, and the expression of miR-122 and LPL in the liver and PBMCs. Sera, PBMCs, and matching liver biopsies from 17 chronic hepatitis C patients were enrolled in this study. Collected data shows that liver (not PBMCs) miR-122 expression is positively correlated with HCV RNA load and IFNγ and reversely with LPL expression in CHC patients. Presented, for the first time, in this study, the reverse correlation of miR-122 and LPL expression in liver; miR-122 and LPL seem to be important factors of CHC infection.

scholarly journals Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose Studies of the NS3 Protease Inhibitor Asunaprevir in Subjects with or without Chronic Hepatitis C

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1838-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Pasquinelli ◽  
Fiona McPhee ◽  
Timothy Eley ◽  
Criselda Villegas ◽  
Katrina Sandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Mad Studies ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Ns3 Protease ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitors combined with pegylated alfa interferon-ribavirin have demonstrated improved efficacy compared with pegylated alfa interferon-ribavirin alone for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Asunaprevir (BMS-650032), a novel HCV NS3 protease inhibitor in clinical development, was evaluated for safety, antiviral activity, and resistance in four double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential-panel, single- and multiple-ascending-dose (SAD and MAD) studies in healthy subjects or subjects with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. In SAD studies, subjects (healthy or with chronic HCV infection) were randomized to receive asunaprevir in dose groups of 10 to 1,200 mg or a placebo. In MAD studies, healthy subjects were randomized to receive asunaprevir in dose groups of 10 to 600 mg twice daily or a placebo for 14 days; subjects with HCV infection received asunaprevir in dose groups of 200 to 600 mg twice daily, or a placebo, for 3 days. Across all four studies, headache and diarrhea were the most frequent adverse events in asunaprevir recipients. Asunaprevir at doses of 200 to 600 mg resulted in rapid HCV RNA decreases from the baseline; maximal mean changes in HCV RNA over time were 2.7 and 3.5 log10IU/ml in the SAD and MAD studies, respectively. No enrichment of signature asunaprevir-resistant viral variants was detected. In conclusion, the novel NS3 protease inhibitor asunaprevir, when administered at single or multiple doses of 200 to 600 mg twice daily, is generally well tolerated, achieving rapid and substantial decreases in HCV RNA levels in subjects chronically infected with genotype 1 HCV.

scholarly journals Chronic HCV - infection in the Kirov region: Dynamics of indices of disease in adults in 1995-2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
S. V Baramzina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
The Given ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In the given article the analysis of an epidemiological situation concerning chronic forms of HCV infections in adults in the Kirov region in 1995-2010 is presented. In the region during analyzed period stable trend to the elevation of incidence of chronic hepatitis C and a slight decrease in the number of "carriers" of HCV on the background of steadily low indices of the occurrence of acute hepatitis C have been fixed. There are also presented the results of genotyping of HCV-virus in 730 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated at the Kirov Region infectious hospital and polyclinics in Kirov with the dominance of HCV subtypes 1b and 3a .

Patterns of Deranged Lipid Profiles in Patients of Chronic Hepatitis C

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Masud ◽  
Lala Rukh Bangash ◽  
Sami Ullah Mumtaz ◽  
Somia Iqtadar ◽  
Tayyeba Komal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism and any acute or chronic malfunction of theliver due to viral hepatitis or liver cirrhosis may induce lipid derangements Objective: To determine thepatterns of deranged lipid profiles in patients of chronic hepatitis C Methods: It is a prospective,observational study, conducted at Medicine Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e.1stJanuary to 30th June 2018. After the ethical approval, 160 diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis C of ages18-70 years of either gender were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Informed writtenconsent was taken. Demographic information such as name, age and gender were recorded. Venous bloodsamples from patients after 10 to 14 hours of fasting were drawn for lipid profiles and sent to pathologylaboratory. All results were expressed as mg/dl. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 Results: Out of160 patients in this study, there were 94 males and 66 females. Total cholesterol was lower in 62.5%patients, normal in 33.75% patients and higher in 3.75% patients. Triglycerides levels were low in 66.25%,normal in 33.125%, and high in 0.625% patients. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were low in 82.5%patients, normal in 10% and raised in 7.5% patients. High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were low in 95%,normal in 4.375% & high in 0.625% patients Conclusions: Low levels of serum lipids including totalcholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL are seen in population suffering from chronic HCV infection.

scholarly journals Impact of Hepatitis B Exposure on Sustained Virological Response Rates of Highly Viremic Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ioannis S. Elefsiniotis ◽  
Christos Pavlidis ◽  
Elena Vezali ◽  
Theodoros Mariolis-Sapsakos ◽  
Sotirios Koutsounas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sustained Virological Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To evaluate the impact of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) seropositivity in sustained virological response (SVR) rates in treatment-naïve, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with high pretreatment viral load (>800000 IU/mL).Methods. 185 consecutive CHC patients (14.4% cirrhotics, 70.2% prior intravenous drug users) treated with pegylated interferon-a2b plus ribavirin, for 24 or 48 weeks based on viral genotype, were retrospectively analyzed. SVR was confirmed by undetectable serum HCV-RNA six months after the end of treatment schedule.Results. Thirty percent of CHC/HBsAg-negative patients were anti-HBc-positive. Anti-HBc positivity was more prevalent in cirrhotic, compared to noncirrhotic patients (76.9% versus 19.5%,P<.05). Serum HBV-DNA was detected in the minority of anti-HBc-positive patients (1.97%). Overall, 62.1% of patients exhibited SVR, while 28.6% did not; 71.4% of non-SVRs were infected with genotype 1. In the univariate analysis, the anti-HBc positivity was negatively associated with treatment outcome (P=.065). In the multivariate model, only the advanced stage of liver disease (P=.015) and genotype-1 HCV infection (P=.003), but not anti-HBc-status (P=.726), proved to be independent predictors of non-SVR.Conclusion. Serum anti-HBc positivity does not affect the SVR rates in treatment-naïve CHC patients with high pretreatment viral load, receiving the currently approved combination treatment.

Management of chronic hepatitis C in 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona von Köckritz ◽  
Jean-François Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Direct Acting

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) represents one of the most common aetiologies of chronic liver disease and causes a major global health burden. Globally an estimated 80 million people are chronically infected, but the majority of whom is still undiagnosed. Prior to the discovery of the virus in 1989 a significant number of patients were exposed and consecutively infected with HCV via contaminated transfusions, as it is a blood-borne disease. Chronic HCV infection pursues a progressive course that ultimately results in the development of cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), if left untreated. The efficiency and tolerability of therapeutical approaches improved considerably with the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA). The majority of patients treated with the recommended DAA combinations can be cured, which is reflected in achievement of sustained virological response (SVR).This review is intended to provide guidance in the management of patients with chronic hepatitis C, including recommendations for adequate screening, diagnostic procedures, clinical care, treatment and follow-up strategies.

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