scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Invasive Group B Streptococcal Isolates

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei L. Castor ◽  
Cynthia G. Whitney ◽  
Kathryn Como-Sabetti ◽  
Richard R. Facklam ◽  
Patricia Ferrieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Group B ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Antibiotics are used for both group B streptococcal (GBS) prevention and treatment. Active population-based surveillance for invasive GBS disease was conducted in four states during 1996—2003. Of 3813 case-isolates, 91.0% (3471) were serotyped, 77.1% (2937) had susceptibility testing, and 46.6% (3471) had both. All were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. Clindamycin and erythromycin resistance was 12.7% and 25.6%, respectively, and associated with serotype V (P<.001). Clindamycin resistance increased from 10.5% to 15.0% (X2for trend 12.70;P<.001); inducible clindamycin resistance was associated with theermgenotype. Erythromycin resistance increased from 15.8% to 32.8% (X2for trend 55.46;P<.001). While GBS remains susceptible to beta-lactams, resistance to alternative agents such as erythromycin and clindamycin is an increasing concern.

scholarly journals Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infections in Finland: A Population-based Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Lyytikäinen ◽  
J. Pekka Nuorti ◽  
Erja Halmesmäki ◽  
Petteri Carlson ◽  
Jukka Uotila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Population-Based Surveillance of Neisseria meningitidis Antimicrobial Resistance in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Harcourt ◽  
Raydel D. Anderson ◽  
Henry M. Wu ◽  
Amanda C. Cohn ◽  
Jessica R. MacNeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Active Population

Abstract Background.  Antimicrobial treatment and chemoprophylaxis of patients and their close contacts is critical to reduce the morbidity and mortality and prevent secondary cases of meningococcal disease. Through the 1990's, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antimicrobials among Neisseria meningitidis was low in the United States. Susceptibility testing was performed to ascertain whether the proportions of isolates with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used for N meningitidis have increased since 2004 in the United States. Methods.  Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution on 466 isolates of N meningitidis collected in 2004, 2008, 2010, and 2011 from an active, population-based surveillance system for susceptibility to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, rifampin, and azithromycin. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was investigated for isolates with intermediate or resistant phenotypes. Results.  All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and azithromycin, 10.3% were penicillin G intermediate (range, 8% in 2008–16.7% in 2010), and &lt;1% were ciprofloxacin, rifampin, or penicillin G resistant. Of the penicillin G intermediate or resistant isolates, 63% contained mutations in the penA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates contained mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility. Conclusions.  Resistance of N meningitidis to antimicrobials used for empirical treatment of meningitis in the United States has not been detected, and resistance to penicillin G and chemoprophylaxis agents remains uncommon. Therapeutic agent recommendations remain valid. Although periodic surveillance is warranted to monitor trends in susceptibility, routine clinical testing may be of little use.

Group B streptococcus infections of soft tissue and bone in California adults, 1995–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3343-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. SMITH ◽  
M. A. KHAN ◽  
A. REINGOLD ◽  
J. P. WATT
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is an increasing cause of disease in adults. We present long-term trends in incidence of overall infections and identify characteristics of patients with GBS cellulitis, bone and joint infections. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted from 1995–2012 in three California counties and the data were analysed retrospectively. All cases had isolation of GBS from a normally sterile site. Cases of cellulitis were classified based on clinical diagnosis. GBS bone or joint infection was defined as isolation of GBS from a bone or joint or a diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical information. There were 3917 cases of GBS; the incidence of disease increased from 5·8 to 8·3 cases/100 000 persons (P < 0·001) from 1995 to 2012. In adults aged ⩾40 years, the overall incidence of GBS increased from 8·5 to 14·2 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001) persons during the study period. The incidence of cellulitis increased from 1·6 to 3·8 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), bone infection increased from 0·7 to 2·6 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), and the incidence of joint infection remained approximately constant at an average rate of 1·0 case/100 000. The highest incidence rates were observed in men, persons aged ⩾80 years, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition (51·2% cellulitis cases, 76·3% bone infections, 29·8% joint infections).

scholarly journals Genotypes of Esbl Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Relation to Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs

PRILOZI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Ana Kaftandzieva ◽  
Elena Trajkovska-Dokic ◽  
Vesna Kotevska ◽  
Zaklina Cekovska ◽  
Gordana Jankoska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of drug resistance with β-lactamase gene types in ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp. Material and methods: A total of 251 ESBL-positive E. coli and Kp isolates obtained from urine, tracheal aspirate, wound swab and blood from patients hospitalised at the University Clinics in Skopje were detected using the ESBL set and automated Vitek 2 system. Vitek was also used for susceptibility testing (determination of MIC of 17 antimicrobial agents). Multiplex PCR was used to identify genes for different types of ESBLs in a 100 randomly selected, ESBL positive strains. Results: More of the 87 ESBL typeable isolates (61%) harbour two or more bla genes and the frequency of antibiotic resistance was high in these isolates, compared to those with a single gene. Isolates with ≥ 3 genes were highly resistant to beta-lactams and non-beta lactams used. The degree of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was also high in these isolates (MIC ≥ 64). More of the ESBL-positive isolates showed higher resistance to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime. Conclusion: Identification of the genes is necessary for the surveillance of their transmission in hospitals. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns are crucial to overcome the problems associated with ESBLs.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from indwelling Foley catheters following tube cystostomy in goats with obstructive urolithiasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
Vengai Mavangira ◽  
Barbara A. Byrne ◽  
John A. Angelos
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Testing Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Tube cystostomy is a surgical method used for managing obstructive urolithiasis and involves placement of a Foley catheter into the urinary bladder. We identified and evaluated the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from indwelling Foley catheters following tube cystostomy in goats with obstructive urolithiasis. Urine samples collected over a 10-y period from catheter tips at the time of removal were submitted for bacteriologic culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Resistance patterns to antibiotics, trends in the resistance patterns over the study period, and the probability of a bacterial isolate being resistant as a function of the identity of the isolate and antibiotic tested were determined. A total of 103 urine samples from 103 male goats with obstructive urolithiasis managed surgically with tube cystostomy were included in the study. Aerococcus (36.9%) and Enterococcus (30.1%) were isolated most frequently. The susceptibility patterns of all bacteria isolated did not change over the study period ( p > 0.05). Proportions of isolates resistant to 1, 2, and ≥3 antibiotics were 36.9%, 18.5%, and 23.3%, respectively. Thus, 41.8% of bacterial isolates were resistant to 2 or more antibiotics tested. The probability of Aerococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to be resistant to ampicillin, ceftiofur, erythromycin, penicillin, or tetracycline ranged from 0.59 to 0.76.

scholarly journals The Association of the Phylogenetic Typing of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates with Antibiotic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shabnam Baghbanijavid ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Safar Farajniya ◽  
Seyed Reza Moaddab ◽  
Hasan Hosainzadegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (KPC) accounts for approximately one-third of all Gram-negative infections. Moreover, it is highly resistant and can taxonomically be distributed into KpI, KpII, and KpIII phylogroups. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of phylogenetic groups and the relationship between them and antibiotic resistance patterns. For this purpose, we collected KPC isolates from Tabriz, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion agar, and phylogenetic groups were then examined using gyrA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and parC PCR methods. A total of 100 KPC isolates were obtained from the clinical specimens (urine, respiratory secretion, blood, wounds, and trachea). The enrolled patients included 47 men and 53 women aged from 1 to 91 years old. The highest sensitivity was found related to fosfomycin as 85%, followed by amikacin as 66%. The three phylogenetically groups by the RFLP-PCR method were found in KPC, 96% (96 isolates) as KpI, 3% (3 isolates) as KpII, and 1% (1isolate) as KpIII. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in KpI. It was shown that a valid identification of three phylogenetic groups of KPC can be done by combining both gyrA PCR-RFLP and parC PCR. Of note, the KpI group was also observed as the dominant phylogenetic group with the highest resistance to antibiotics.

Identification of drug-resistant phenotypes and resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from animal feces originating in Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-682
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Jingwen Gao ◽  
Jianpeng Gao ◽  
Dianhua Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

This study examined the presence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the feces of 285 animals. Polymerase chain reaction tests verified the presence of E. faecalis from 49 pigs, 20 cows, 174 sheep, 17 horses, 21 chickens, and four dung beetles. Bacterial strains from different animals showed differences in susceptibility and resistance to the tested antimicrobials. The isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (6.32%), ciprofloxacin (40.00%), nitrofurantoin (1.40%), erythromycin (54.04%), streptomycin (82.11%), tetracycline (45.26%), amoxicillin (64.91%), penicillin (92.28%), and vancomycin (0.35%). The resistant strains also possessed varying complements of resistance genes including tem (77.89%), tetM (33.68%), gyrA (37.54%), parC (34.74%), aph(3′)-III (22.46%), aac(6′)/aph2″ (10.88%), and ant(6′)-I (8.42%). Genes for vancomycin resistance (vanB and vanC) and erythromycin resistance (mefA) were not detected. These results indicate high levels of antibiotic resistance among the isolates, although no positive correlation was observed between resistance genes and antibiotic resistance spectrum.

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