scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration to the Site of Acute Myocardial Infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Kollar ◽  
Matthew M. Cook ◽  
Kerry Atkinson ◽  
Gary Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Myocardial Recovery ◽  
Stem Cell Migration ◽  
Intramuscular Delivery

Mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (both referred to as MSC) have been shown in some studies to have a beneficial effect on myocardial recovery after infarct. Current strategies for MSC delivery to heart involve intravenous, intraarterial, and intramuscular delivery. Different routes of MSC delivery and a lack of knowledge of the mechanisms that MSC utilise to migrate in vivo has most likely led to the marked variations in results that have been found. This review aims to summarise the current knowledge of MSC migratory mechanisms and looks to future methods of MSC manipulation prior to delivery in order to enhance MSC migration and engraftment.

scholarly journals Potential of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated TSG-6 from Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6761
Author(s):  
Santiago Roura ◽  
Marta Monguió-Tortajada ◽  
Micaela Munizaga-Larroudé ◽  
Marta Clos-Sansalvador ◽  
Marcella Franquesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Cell Contact

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a promising strategy for a variety of medical applications. Although only a limited number of MSC engraft and survive after in vivo cellular infusion, MSC have shown beneficial effects on immunomodulation and tissue repair. This indicates that the contribution of MSC exists in paracrine signaling, rather than a cell-contact effect of MSC. In this review, we focus on current knowledge about tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) and mechanisms based on extracellular vesicles (EV) that govern long-lasting immunosuppressive and regenerative activity of MSC. In this context, in particular, we discuss the very robust set of findings by Jha and colleagues, and the opportunity to potentially extend their research focus on EV isolated in concentrated conditioned media (CCM) from adipose tissue derived MSC (ASC). Particularly, the authors showed that ASC-CCM mitigated visual deficits after mild traumatic brain injury in mice. TSG-6 knockdown ASC were, then, used to generate TSG-6-depleted CCM that were not able to replicate the alleviation of abnormalities in injured animals. In light of the presented results, we envision that the infusion of much distilled ASC-CCM could enhance the alleviation of visual abnormalities. In terms of EV research, the advantages of using size-exclusion chromatography are also highlighted because of the enrichment of purer and well-defined EV preparations. Taken together, this could further delineate and boost the benefit of using MSC-based regenerative therapies in the context of forthcoming clinical research testing in diseases that disrupt immune system homeostasis.

scholarly journals Some Special Aspects of Liver Repair after Resection and Administration of Multipotent Stromal Cells in Experiment

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Igor Maiborodin ◽  
Elena Lushnikova ◽  
Marina Klinnikova ◽  
Swetlana Klochkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stromal Cells ◽  
Rapid Restoration ◽  
Bone Marrow Origin

Changes in rat liver after resection and injection of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow origin (MSCs) transfected with the GFP gene and cell membranes stained with red-fluorescent lipophilic membrane dye were studied by light microscopy. It was found that after the introduction of MSCs into the damaged liver, their differentiation into any cells was not found. However, under the conditions of MSCs use, the number of neutrophils in the parenchyma normalizes earlier, and necrosis and hemorrhages disappear more quickly. It was concluded that the use of MSCs at liver resection for the rapid restoration of an organ is inappropriate, since the injected cells in vivo do not differentiate either into hepatocytes, into epithelial cells of bile capillaries, into endotheliocytes and pericytes of the vascular membranes, into fibroblasts of the scar or other connective tissue structures, or into any other cells present in the liver.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 release predicts myocardial recovery (stunning) after acute myocardial infarction

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
W.K. Lagrand ◽  
F. Nijland ◽  
C.E. Hack ◽  
W.Th. Hermens ◽  
P.G.M. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Myocardial Recovery

Abstract 12: EMMPRIN-Targeted Magnetic Nanoparticles for in vivo Visualization and Regression of Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Model of Acute Coronary Artery Occlusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cuadrado ◽  
Maria Jose Garcia Miguel ◽  
Irene Herruzo ◽  
Mari Carmen Turpin ◽  
Ana Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Gadolinium Enhancement

Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer EMMPRIN, is highly expressed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and induces activation of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-9 and MMP-13. To prevent Extracellular matrix degradation and cardiac cell death we targeted EMMPRIN with paramagnetic/fluorescent micellar nanoparticles with an EMMPRIN binding peptide AP9 conjugated (NAP9), or an AP9 scramble peptide as a negative control (NAPSC). NAP9 binds to endogenous EMMPRIN as detected by confocal microscopy of cardiac myocytes and macrophages incubated with NAP and NAPSC in vitro, and in vivo in mouse hearts subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (IV injection 50mγ/Kg NAP9 or NAP9SC). Administration of NAP9 at the same time or 1 hour after AMI reduced infarct size over a 20% respect to untreated and NAPSC injected mice, recovered left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) similar to healthy controls, and reduced EMMPRIN downstream MMP9 expression. In magnetic resonance scans of mouse hearts 2 days after AMI and injected with NAP9, we detected a significant gadolinium enhancement in the left ventricle respect to non-injected mice and to mice injected with NAPSC. Late gadolinium enhancement assays exhibited NAP9-mediated left ventricle signal enhancement as early as 30 minutes after nanoprobe injection, in which a close correlation between the MRI signal enhancement and left ventricle infarct size was detected. Taken together, these results point EMMPRIN targeted nanoprobes as a new tool for the treatment of AMI.

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