scholarly journals Achromobacterspecies endocarditis: A Case Report and Literature Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. e17-e20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Derber ◽  
Kara Elam ◽  
Betty A. Forbes ◽  
Gonzalo Bearman
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy

Endocarditis due toAchromobacterspecies is a rare, yet serious, endovascular infection.Achromobacterspecies infective endocarditis is associated with underlying immunodeficiencies or prosthetic heart valves and devices. A case of prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis secondary toAchromobacter xylosoxidanssubspeciesdenitrificansis described in the present report. This life-threatening infection was successfully treated with combined valve replacement and prolonged antibiotic therapy. A Medline/PubMed literature review ofAchromobacterendocarditis was also performed.Achromobacterspecies are an uncommon, yet important, cause of nosocomial endocarditis. Given the significant associated morbidity and mortality, along with a high degree of intrinsic antibiotic resistance,Achromobacterspecies infective endocarditis remains a clinical treatment challenge.

scholarly journals Virulence factors in streptococcal infective endocarditis

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Derek W S Harty
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Micro Organisms

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life threatening, endovascular infection occurring when bacteria enter the blood stream and adhere to heart valves. Mortality rates remain in the range of 11-27%. The most common infecting micro-organisms are now the staphylococci (44%) although streptococci (31%) and particularly the oral streptococci (21%) are still major causative agents. Many different oral streptococci have been isolated from IE cases, the most common being Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus anginosus group and mutans streptococci.

Infective endocarditis following Melody valve implantation: comparison with a surgical cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare O’Donnell ◽  
Rhonda Holloway ◽  
Elizabeth Tilton ◽  
John Stirling ◽  
Kirsten Finucane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Melody Valve ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Valve Implantation ◽  
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve

AbstractBackgroundInfective endocarditis has been reported post Melody percutaneous pulmonary valve implant; the incidence and risk factors, however, remain poorly defined. We identified four cases of endocarditis from our first 25 Melody implants. Our aim was to examine these cases in the context of postulated risk factors and directly compare endocarditis rates with local surgical valves.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients post Melody percutaneous pulmonary valve implant in New Zealand (October, 2009–May, 2015) and also reviewed the incidence of endocarditis in New Zealand among patients who have undergone surgical pulmonary valve implants.ResultsIn total, 25 patients underwent Melody implantation at a median age of 18 years. At a median follow-up of 2.9 years, most were well with low valve gradient (median 27 mmHg) and only mild regurgitation. Two patients presented with life-threatening endocarditis and obstructive vegetations at 14 and 26 months post implant, respectively. Two additional patients presented with subacute endocarditis at 5.5 years post implant. From 2009 to May, 2015, 178 surgical pulmonic bioprostheses, largely Hancock valves and homografts, were used at our institution. At a median follow-up of 2.9 years, four patients (2%) had developed endocarditis in this group compared with 4/25 (16%) in the Melody group (p=0.0089). Three surgical valves have been replaced.ConclusionsThe Melody valve offers a good alternative to surgical conduit replacement in selected patients. Many patients have excellent outcomes in the medium term. Endocarditis, however, can occur and if associated with obstruction can be life threatening. The risk for endocarditis in the Melody group was higher in comparison with that in a contemporaneous surgical pulmonary implant cohort.

scholarly journals Successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in a patient with prosthetic heart valves: a case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Haghighat ◽  
Alireza Rezvani ◽  
Maral Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
First Case ◽  
Valve Thrombosis ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Background Although life-threatening hemorrhage is a usual manifestation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), thrombotic events seem to be more common in APL compared to other subtypes of acute leukemia. The treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis are controversial due to the high risk of bleeding caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombocytopenia. To the best of our knowledge we report the first case of APL in a patient with prosthetic heart valves successfully treated with a combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). We hope this case report helps clinicians to manage different spectra of coagulopathy in APL successfully. Case presentation A 38-year-old Asian man presented with diagnosis of APL confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. He was on warfarin due to prosthetic mitral and aortic valves. He was at risk of both hemorrhagic events due to DIC and life-threatening valve thrombosis. Our management regimen included unfractionated heparin adjusted according to the platelet count to prevent both valve thrombosis and bleeding events. The patient tolerated treatment well without any hemorrhagic or thrombotic events, and complete molecular remission was achieved by ATRA and ATO without the need for chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion Although this case is exceptional, a precise evaluation may be needed to select the appropriate dose and type of anticoagulant to treat a patient with APL.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN DENTISTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Елена Гайсина ◽  
Elena Gaysina ◽  
Татьяна Еловикова ◽  
Tat'yana Elovicova ◽  
Надежда Изможерова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
The World ◽  
High Risk Factor ◽  
Serious Disease

Background. Infective endocarditis is a serious disease and has the risk of disability and high mortality. This disease can be a terrible complication of both general surgical and dental invasive procedures. The problem of infective endocarditis is relevant in most countries of the world, which determine the need for targeted prevention of dental interventions. The most important pathogenetic component of this disease is transient bacteremia, which develops when the skin and mucous membrane of the oral cavity are damaged under the influence of various traumatic agents. Antibiotic prophylaxis prevents of infective endocarditis and helps to reduce the risk. Objectives ― to identify and analyze the most effective methods of antibiotic prophylaxis of IE at the dental admission. Methodology. A review of literature - publications of domestic and foreign studies using the scientific search library databases PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Elibrary. Total found 38 publications from Russia, USA, Germany, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Japan and other countries. Results. The review examines studies - questioning people, clinical studies with "double glare", publication of patents, revealing the attitude to antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis at a dental reception in the world, and also analyzed the choice of drugs and their use. Conclusions. The most preferred option is to carry out antibiotic prophylaxis of the disease in people with a high risk factor, which include patients with prosthetic heart valves, congenital heart defects and patients with a history of infectious endocarditis. The drug of choice among antibacterial agents is the use of amoxicillin / clavulanic acid combination.

scholarly journals Prevention of the infective endocarditis during the dental procedures

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Tatjana Puskar ◽  
S. Puskar ◽  
Z. Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Defect ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Intervention ◽  
Infective Disease ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

Endocarditis is endovascular infective disease of intracardiac structures, which are in contact with blood. The most common cause is Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans, which inhabit oral cavity. During dental intervention, which includes gingival trauma (risky dental intervention) microorganisms that cause infective endocarditis could penetrate into circulation of the blood. The group of high risk patients consists of patients which have already had infective endocarditis, patients with prosthetic heart valves or other foreign endovascular bodies, patients with congenital heart defect, patients with acquired heart defect, prolapse of mitral valve with registered mitral regurgitation and hyphertrophic cardiomiopathy. Those groups of patients should have prevention from infective endocarditis before any risky dental intervention with bactericidal dosage of wide spectrum antibiotics at least an hour before the procedure. .

scholarly journals Bacillus cereus Subacute Native Valve Infective Endocarditis and Its Multiple Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jemimah Nallarajah ◽  
M. I. Mujahieth
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Glomerular Nephritis

Bacillus cereus causing infective endocarditis (IE) in a native valve is an extremely rare event, but it is reported mostly in intravenous drug abusers and other risk factors as immunosuppression, malignancy, and valvular heart disease including prosthetic heart valves. We report a case of B.cereus native mitral valve infective endocarditis in a 58-year-old Sri Lankan male who is not a drug abuser who presented with painless hematuria with reduced urine output. During hospital stay, he developed frequent episodes of brief focal seizures. He had undergone multiple investigations that revealed splenic abscesses, cerebral vasculitis, and glomerular nephritis with positive rheumatoid factor, cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA), and cryoglobulin. The appropriate antibiotic was the prime therapeutic intervention which carried an excellent prognosis. This case highlights an unusual organism in the blood culture that caused IE warranting thorough physical examination and investigations.

The Effect of Dipyridamole and RA 233 on Human Platelet Function in Vitro

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Rifkin ◽  
Marjorie B. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryDipyridamole (Persantin) is reported to prolong platelet survival and inhibit embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Fifty jxM dipyridamole failed to reduce the high percentage of platelets retained when heparinized human blood was passed through a glass bead column, but prolonged the inhibition of retention caused by disturbing blood in vitro. Possibly the prostheses act like disturbance. Although RA 233 was as effective as dipyridamole in inhibiting the return of retention, it was less effective in preventing the uptake of adenosine into erythrocytes, and more active in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation and release. Thus there is no simple relation between these drug effects.

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