scholarly journals Bacillus cereus Subacute Native Valve Infective Endocarditis and Its Multiple Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jemimah Nallarajah ◽  
M. I. Mujahieth
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Glomerular Nephritis

Bacillus cereus causing infective endocarditis (IE) in a native valve is an extremely rare event, but it is reported mostly in intravenous drug abusers and other risk factors as immunosuppression, malignancy, and valvular heart disease including prosthetic heart valves. We report a case of B.cereus native mitral valve infective endocarditis in a 58-year-old Sri Lankan male who is not a drug abuser who presented with painless hematuria with reduced urine output. During hospital stay, he developed frequent episodes of brief focal seizures. He had undergone multiple investigations that revealed splenic abscesses, cerebral vasculitis, and glomerular nephritis with positive rheumatoid factor, cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA), and cryoglobulin. The appropriate antibiotic was the prime therapeutic intervention which carried an excellent prognosis. This case highlights an unusual organism in the blood culture that caused IE warranting thorough physical examination and investigations.

Polymicrobial native valve endocarditis due to Bacillus cereus and Cardiobacterium hominis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e245417
Author(s):  
Sherin Meledathu ◽  
Rachel Denyer ◽  
Afsoon Roberts ◽  
Gary Simon
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics

We present a case of polymicrobial subacute bacterial endocarditis and bacteremia with Bacillus cereus and Cardiobacterium hominis in a 72-year-old man with pre-existing mitral valve disease and prior mitral valve repair who presented with renal failure and glomerulonephritis. Bacillus is often a contaminant in blood cultures but has been rarely implicated in patients with invasive infections such as endocarditis. Intravenous drug use, prosthetic heart valves, valvular heart disease and venous catheters are the most frequently described risk factors for Bacillus bacteremia and endocarditis in the medical literature. Management is challenging as Bacillus is resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics due to production of beta-lactamase. Polymicrobial endocarditis is uncommon and when it occurs typically involves Staphylococcal species. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of polymicrobial endocarditis in which both Bacillus and a HACEK organism are implicated.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN DENTISTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Елена Гайсина ◽  
Elena Gaysina ◽  
Татьяна Еловикова ◽  
Tat'yana Elovicova ◽  
Надежда Изможерова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
The World ◽  
High Risk Factor ◽  
Serious Disease

Background. Infective endocarditis is a serious disease and has the risk of disability and high mortality. This disease can be a terrible complication of both general surgical and dental invasive procedures. The problem of infective endocarditis is relevant in most countries of the world, which determine the need for targeted prevention of dental interventions. The most important pathogenetic component of this disease is transient bacteremia, which develops when the skin and mucous membrane of the oral cavity are damaged under the influence of various traumatic agents. Antibiotic prophylaxis prevents of infective endocarditis and helps to reduce the risk. Objectives ― to identify and analyze the most effective methods of antibiotic prophylaxis of IE at the dental admission. Methodology. A review of literature - publications of domestic and foreign studies using the scientific search library databases PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Elibrary. Total found 38 publications from Russia, USA, Germany, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Japan and other countries. Results. The review examines studies - questioning people, clinical studies with "double glare", publication of patents, revealing the attitude to antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis at a dental reception in the world, and also analyzed the choice of drugs and their use. Conclusions. The most preferred option is to carry out antibiotic prophylaxis of the disease in people with a high risk factor, which include patients with prosthetic heart valves, congenital heart defects and patients with a history of infectious endocarditis. The drug of choice among antibacterial agents is the use of amoxicillin / clavulanic acid combination.

scholarly journals Prevention of the infective endocarditis during the dental procedures

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Tatjana Puskar ◽  
S. Puskar ◽  
Z. Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Defect ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Intervention ◽  
Infective Disease ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

Endocarditis is endovascular infective disease of intracardiac structures, which are in contact with blood. The most common cause is Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans, which inhabit oral cavity. During dental intervention, which includes gingival trauma (risky dental intervention) microorganisms that cause infective endocarditis could penetrate into circulation of the blood. The group of high risk patients consists of patients which have already had infective endocarditis, patients with prosthetic heart valves or other foreign endovascular bodies, patients with congenital heart defect, patients with acquired heart defect, prolapse of mitral valve with registered mitral regurgitation and hyphertrophic cardiomiopathy. Those groups of patients should have prevention from infective endocarditis before any risky dental intervention with bactericidal dosage of wide spectrum antibiotics at least an hour before the procedure. .

scholarly journals Analysis of the Genotype and Virulence of Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates from Patients with Infective Endocarditis

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 5127-5132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair B. Monk ◽  
Sam Boundy ◽  
Vivian H. Chu ◽  
Jill C. Bettinger ◽  
Jaime R. Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Prosthetic Valves ◽  
Kaplan Meier

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most common causes of infections of prosthetic heart valves (prosthetic valve endocarditis [PVE]) and an increasingly common cause of infections of native heart valves (native valve endocarditis [NVE]). While S. epidermidis typically causes indolent infections of prosthetic devices, including prosthetic valves and intravascular catheters, S. epidermidis NVE is a virulent infection associated with valve destruction and high mortality. In order to see if the differences in the course of infection were due to characteristics of the infecting organisms, we examined 31 S. epidermidis NVE and 65 PVE isolates, as well as 21 isolates from blood cultures (representing bloodstream infections [BSI]) and 28 isolates from nasal specimens or cultures considered to indicate skin carriage. Multilocus sequence typing showed both NVE and PVE isolates to have more unique sequence types (types not shared by the other groups; 74 and 71%, respectively) than either BSI isolates (10%) or skin isolates (42%). Thirty NVE, 16 PVE, and a total of 9 of the nasal, skin, and BSI isolates were tested for virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans. Twenty-one (70%) of the 30 NVE isolates killed at least 50% of the worms by day 5, compared to 1 (6%) of 16 PVE isolates and 1 (11%) of 9 nasal, skin, or BSI isolates. In addition, the C. elegans survival rate as assessed by log rank analyses of Kaplan-Meier survival curves was significantly lower for NVE isolates than for each other group of isolates (P < 0.0001). There was no correlation between the production of poly-β(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine exopolysaccharide and virulence in worms. This study is the first analysis suggesting that S. epidermidis isolates from patients with NVE constitute a more virulent subset within this species.

scholarly journals Achromobacterspecies endocarditis: A Case Report and Literature Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. e17-e20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Derber ◽  
Kara Elam ◽  
Betty A. Forbes ◽  
Gonzalo Bearman
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy

Endocarditis due toAchromobacterspecies is a rare, yet serious, endovascular infection.Achromobacterspecies infective endocarditis is associated with underlying immunodeficiencies or prosthetic heart valves and devices. A case of prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis secondary toAchromobacter xylosoxidanssubspeciesdenitrificansis described in the present report. This life-threatening infection was successfully treated with combined valve replacement and prolonged antibiotic therapy. A Medline/PubMed literature review ofAchromobacterendocarditis was also performed.Achromobacterspecies are an uncommon, yet important, cause of nosocomial endocarditis. Given the significant associated morbidity and mortality, along with a high degree of intrinsic antibiotic resistance,Achromobacterspecies infective endocarditis remains a clinical treatment challenge.

The Effect of Dipyridamole and RA 233 on Human Platelet Function in Vitro

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Rifkin ◽  
Marjorie B. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryDipyridamole (Persantin) is reported to prolong platelet survival and inhibit embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Fifty jxM dipyridamole failed to reduce the high percentage of platelets retained when heparinized human blood was passed through a glass bead column, but prolonged the inhibition of retention caused by disturbing blood in vitro. Possibly the prostheses act like disturbance. Although RA 233 was as effective as dipyridamole in inhibiting the return of retention, it was less effective in preventing the uptake of adenosine into erythrocytes, and more active in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation and release. Thus there is no simple relation between these drug effects.

The Role of the Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in Infective Endocarditis; A Narrative Review from 2000 to 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Noshak ◽  
Mohammad A. Rezaee ◽  
Alka Hasani ◽  
Mehdi Mirzaii
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Native Valve Endocarditis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are part of the microbiota of human skin and rarely linked with soft tissue infections. In recent years, CoNS species considered as one of the major nosocomial pathogens and can cause several infections such as catheter-acquired sepsis, skin infection, urinary tract infection, endophthalmitis, central nervous system shunt infection, surgical site infections, and foreign body infection. These microorganisms have a significant impact on human life and health and, as typical opportunists, cause peritonitis in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Moreover, it is revealed that these potential pathogens are mainly related to the use of indwelling or implanted in a foreign body and cause infective endocarditis (both native valve endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis) in patients. In general, approximately eight percent of all cases of native valve endocarditis is associated with CoNS species, and these organisms cause death in 25% of all native valve endocarditis cases. Moreover, it is revealed that methicillin-resistant CoNS species cause 60 % of all prosthetic valve endocarditis cases. In this review, we describe the role of the CoNS species in infective endocarditis, and we explicated the reported cases of CoNS infective endocarditis in the literature from 2000 to 2020 to determine the role of CoNS in the process of infective endocarditis.

Erythrocyte Destruction by Prosthetic Heart Valves

Circulation ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (4s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. INDEGLIA ◽  
MICHAEL A. SHEA ◽  
RICHARD L. VARCO ◽  
EUGENE F. BERNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Erythrocyte Destruction
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