scholarly journals Management Options and Factors Affecting Control of a Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Biotype Resistant to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana B. Harder ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Reid J. Smeda
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Herbicide Activity

Repeated use of protox-inhibiting herbicides has resulted in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudisSauer) biotype that survived lactofen applied up to 10 times the labeled rate. Field and greenhouse research evaluated control options for this biotype of common waterhemp. In the field, PRE applications of flumioxazin at 72 g ai ha−1, sulfentrazone at 240 g ai ha−1, and isoxaflutole at 70 g ai ha−1controlled common waterhemp >90% up to 6 weeks after treatment. POST applications of fomesafen at 330 g ai ha−1, lactofen at 220 g ai ha−1, and acifluorfen at 420 g ai ha−1resulted in <60% visual control of common waterhemp, but differences were detected among herbicides. In the greenhouse, glyphosate was the only herbicide that controlled protox resistant waterhemp. The majority of herbicide activity from POST flumioxazin, fomesafen, acifluorfen, and lactofen was from foliar placement, but control was less than 40% regardless of placement. Control of common waterhemp seeded at weekly intervals after herbicide treatment with flumioxazin, fomesafen, sulfentrazone, atrazine, and isoxaflutole exceeded 85% at 0 weeks after herbicide application (WAHA), while control with isoxaflutole was greater than 60% 6 WAHA. PRE and POST options for protox-resistant common waterhemp are available to manage herbicide resistance.

Relative Competitiveness of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Duff ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Series Study

Research was conducted to determine the competitiveness and fitness of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox)-resistant common waterhemp biotype. Protox-resistant and protox-susceptible biotypes were grown under noncompetitive and competitive arrangements in the greenhouse. In the noncompetitive study, a single plant of each biotype was planted separately in 15-cm-diam pots. Photosynthesis, leaf area, and plant biomass were measured 10, 20, 30, and 40 d after transplanting (DATP). In general, photosynthesis rate and plant biomass were similar between biotypes. However, the protox-resistant biotype had higher leaf area than the susceptible biotype at 20, 30, and 40 DATP. A replacement series study was conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the relative competitiveness of protox-resistant and protox-susceptible common waterhemp. Photosynthesis, leaf area, plant height, and plant biomass were measured 7, 14, 21, and 28 DATP. Protox-resistant and -susceptible common waterhemp were equally competitive 28 DATP. Relative crowding coefficient values 28 DATP were 0.86, 0.89, 1.09, and 1.13 for photosynthesis, leaf area, plant height, and plant biomass, respectively. This suggests protox-resistant and -susceptible common waterhemp were equally competitive and the frequency of protox-resistant biotype is unlikely to decrease in the absence of protox–herbicide selection pressure.

Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor–Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Corn and Soybean

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Shoup ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis

Field experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides on protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitor–resistant common waterhemp in corn and soybean. All corn herbicides tested gave greater than 90% common waterhemp control by 8 wk after postemergence herbicide treatment (WAPT). In soybean, common waterhemp control was less than 40% by 8 WAPT with postemergence protox-inhibiting herbicides lactofen and acifluorfen. However, preemergence protox-inhibiting herbicides sulfentrazone and flumioxazin gave greater than 85% common waterhemp control in both years. The greatest common waterhemp control in soybean was with glyphosate alone, alachlor + metribuzin, alachlor followed by (fb) glyphosate, and S-metolachlor + metribuzin fb glyphosate.

Biotypes of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) are Resistant to Imazethapyr and Thifensulfuron

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Seeds of suspected herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp were collected in Clay County and Douglas County, KS, respectively. An experiment was established in a greenhouse to determine if these species had developed resistance to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. Imazethapyr was applied pre- (PRE) and postemergence (POST) at 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× the suggested use rate (70 g/ha), and thifensulfuron was applied POST at 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× the suggested use rate (4.5 g/ha). Both species had developed resistance to all rates of these herbicides. The occurrence of resistance at the Clay County site (Palmer amaranth) fit the typical pattern for the development of herbicide resistance, i.e., multiple applications of the same class of herbicide for several years. However, the Douglas County (common waterhemp) site had a limited history of use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides and did not follow typical models of resistance development.

Protox-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) response to herbicides applied at different growth stages

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne S. Falk ◽  
Douglas E. Shoup ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted with a population of common waterhemp resistant to POST protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox)-inhibiting herbicides to compare its response to PRE and POST applications of selected herbicides. In the greenhouse, a dose–response study of PRE applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen, or lactofen was conducted on protox-susceptible and -resistant common waterhemp. The protox-resistant biotype was approximately 6.3, 2.5, and 2.6 times more resistant than the susceptible biotype to acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen, respectively. In a separate study under field conditions, protox-resistant common waterhemp were treated with PRE and POST applications of acifluorfen, azafenidin, flumioxazin, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, or sulfentrazone. At 14 and 28 d after POST treatment (DAPT) in 2002 and 2004, all PRE applications of herbicides gave greater control than did POST applications. At 14 DAPT, oxyfluorfen had the greatest difference in PRE and POST control, with 85 and 10% control in 2002, respectively. An additional field study was conducted to determine the stage of growth at which resistance to protox-inhibiting herbicides becomes most prevalent. Protox-resistant common waterhemp were treated with herbicides at the 2-leaf, 4- to 6-leaf, and 8- to 10-leaf growth stage. Acifluorfen and fomesafen at 420 g ha−1gave greater than 90% control at the 2-leaf stage and 4- to 6-leaf stage, except in 2003 when control was 85% with acifluorfen. In 2003 and 2004, common waterhemp control at the 8- to 10-leaf stage ranged between 54 and 75% with acifluorfen or fomesafen. Results indicate that common waterhemp resistance to customary rates of POST protox-inhibiting herbicides becomes prevalent after the 4- to 6-leaf growth stage.

scholarly journals Survey of glyphosate-, atrazine- and lactofen-resistance mechanisms in Ohio waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent P. Murphy ◽  
Alvaro S. Larran ◽  
Bruce Ackley ◽  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus

AbstractHerbicide resistance within key driver weeds, such as common waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea and Tardif ], constrains available management options for crop production. Routine surveillance for herbicide resistance provides a mechanism to monitor the development and spread of resistant populations over time. Furthermore, the identification and quantification of resistance mechanisms at the population level can provide information that helps growers develop effective management plans. Populations of Amaranthus spp., including A. tuberculatus, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), were collected from 51 fields in Ohio during the 2016 growing season. Twenty-four A. tuberculatus populations were screened for resistance to the herbicides lactofen, atrazine, and glyphosate. Phenotypically resistant plants were further investigated to determine the frequency of known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to lactofen was infrequently observed throughout the populations, with 8 of 22 populations exhibiting resistant plants. Within those eight resistant populations, the ΔG210 resistance mechanism was observed in 17 of 30 phenotypically resistant plants, and the remainder lacked all known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to atrazine was observed in 12 of 15 populations; however, a target-site resistance mechanism was not observed in these populations. Resistance to glyphosate was observed in all populations. Gene amplification was the predominant glyphosate-resistance mechanism (147 of 322 plants) in the evaluated populations. The Pro-106-Ser mutation was identified in 24 plants, half of which also possessed gene amplification. In this study, molecular screening generally underestimated the phenotypically observed resistance. Continued mechanism discovery and marker development is required for improved detection of herbicide resistance through molecular assays.

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