scholarly journals Precursor-Like Anomalies prior to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: A Critical-but-Constructive Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Ma ◽  
Zhongliang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Earthquake Forecast ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Rigorous Test

Results published since the last three years on the observations of the precursor-like anomalies before the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan,Ms8.0 earthquake are collected and analyzed. These retrospective case studies would have provided heuristic clues about the preparation process of this inland great earthquake and the predictability of this destructive event if the standards for the rigorous test of earthquake forecast schemes were strictly observed. At least in some of these studies, however, several issues still need to be further examined to confirm or falsify the connection of the reported observations with the Wenchuan earthquake. Some of the problems are due to the inevitable limitation of observational infrastructure at the recent time, but some of the problems are due to the lack of communication about the test of earthquake forecast schemes. For the interdisciplinary studies on earthquake forecast, reminding of the latter issue seems of special importance for promoting the works and cooperation in this field.

Recent Advances in Gravelly Soils Liquefaction Evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 1443-1446
Author(s):  
Long Qing Hou ◽  
Ai Fei Li ◽  
Hong Mei Xu ◽  
Chun Feng He ◽  
Peng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Moderate Density ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Triaxial Apparatus ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Gravelly Soils

Many gravelly soils liquefied cases history especially in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake warn that loose to moderate density of gravels have much potential to liquefy under a given earthquake shaking. The large diameter triaxial apparatus is a relative feasible means to explore the liquefaction mechanism of gravelly soils to some extent. Becker penetration test (BPT) could be droved hrough gravelly soils layer, but BPT was not directly correlated with field behavior. Because of a wider range of grain sizes than those reported from previous earthquakes, gravels characteristics liquefied in the Wenchuan earthquake are representative and universal. The gravels liquefaction evaluation method developed from the Wenchuan earthquake should be feasible for worldwide use. The recent and ongoing developments in gravels liquefaction was highlighted

scholarly journals The impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on early puberty: a natural experiment

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiguo Lian ◽  
Xiayun Zuo ◽  
Yanyan Mao ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Shan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe factors influencing pubertal timing have gained much attention due to a secular trend toward earlier pubertal onset in many countries. However, no studies have investigated the association between the Great earthquake and early puberty. We aimed to assess whether the Wenchuan earthquake is associated with early puberty, in both boys and girls.MethodsWe used data from two circles of a survey on reproductive health in China to explore the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on early puberty , and a total of 9,785 adolescents (4,830 boys, 49.36%) aged 12–20 years from 29 schools in eight provinces were recruited. Wenchuan earthquake exposure was defined as those Sichuan students who had not experienced oigarche/menarche before May 12, 2008. Early puberty was identified as a reported onset of oigarche/menarche at 11 years or earlier. We tested the association between the Wenchuan earthquake and early puberty in boys and girls. Then, subgroup analysis stratified by the age at earthquake exposure also was performed.ResultsIn total, 8,883 adolescents (4,543 boys, 51.14%) with a mean (SD) age of 15.13 (1.81) were included in the final sample. In general, children exposed to the earthquake had three times greater risk of early puberty (boys, RR [95% CI] = 3.18 [2.21–4.57]; girls: RR [95%CI] =3.16 [2.65–3.78]). Subgroup analysis showed that the adjusted RR was 1.90 [1.19–3.03] for boys and 2.22 [1.75–2.80] for girls. Earthquake exposure predicted almost a fourfold (RR [95%CI] = 3.91 [1.31–11.72]) increased risk of early puberty in preschool girls, whereas the increase was about twofold (RR [95%CI] = 2.09 [1.65–2.64]) in schoolgirls. Among boys, only older age at earthquake exposure was linked to early puberty (RR [95%CI] = 1.93 [1.18–3.16]).ConclusionsWenchuan earthquake exposure increased the risk of early puberty in boys and girls, and preschoolers were more at risk than schoolchildren. The implications are relevant to support policies for those survivors, especially children, to better rebuild after disasters.

THE MECHANISM OF INITIATION AND MOTION OF THE RAPID AND LONG RUNOUT LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang F.W ◽  
Sun P. ◽  
Cheng Q.G. ◽  
Fukuoka H.
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Long Runout ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Ring Shear ◽  
Ring Shear Tests

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many rapid and long runout landslides, which made great loss of property and human lives directly. It is very important to understand the mechanism of initiation and motion of the rapid and long runout landslides. In this paper, field investigations on some typical landslides are introduced at first, and then the ring shear tests for simulating the initiation and motion of the Donghekou landslide are presented in details. The real seismic wave monitored in Shifang station was applied in the simulation test for the landslide initiation, while three different conditions of water content (dry, partially saturated, and fully saturated) were applied for the samples in the simulation tests to simulate landslide motion. It was found that the valley water and groundwater played a key role in the long runout and rapid landslide motion process during the great earthquake. This makes the difference for where landslide occurred but stopped soon and where landslides moved for long distance with high speed and killed many people. For the purpose of disaster mitigation, we strongly suggest that:(a) Avoid locating village in the landslide motion path, because the same event will occur in the future; (b) Avoid locating village and people on the landslide, because the landslide will deform easily with the seismic activity; (c) The attention should also be paid for landslide and debris flow during the reconstruction process for disaster mitigation in long period. Keywords: Wenchuan Earthquake, rapid and long runout landslides, ring shear tests, initiation, motion

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Evolution of Earthquakes in Longmenshan Fault and Adjacent Area, before and after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gang Fan ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Shunchao Qi ◽  
Gongda Lu ◽  
Xingguo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Seismogenic Zone ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Longmenshan Fault ◽  
International Seismological Centre

Seismicity sequence following a main earthquake usually contains much meaningful information for unveiling the focal mechanism and predicting the reoccurrence interval of large earthquakes. The spatiotemporal evolution of earthquakes before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) is analysed comprehensively in this study. The frequency-magnitude relation of the 3493 earthquake events retrieved from the database of the International Seismological Centre indicates that the adopted catalogue is complete for magnitudes ≥Ms 3.4. The seismicity during the 10 years before the Wenchuan earthquake remained stable, including the magnitudes and focal depths. However, seismicity attenuated sharply in the year following the Wenchuan earthquake, and the magnitude of earthquakes before the Wenchuan earthquake decreased gradually. The area of the seismogenic zone of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was smaller than the earthquake stricken area. The earthquakes that occurred in the Longmenshan fault area and adjacent area in the study period were mainly shallow earthquakes. The focal depths of earthquakes in the study area became stable gradually after the Wenchuan earthquake, mainly within the range from 10 to 16 km. The earthquakes in the study area were mainly distributed with an along-dip distance of 0–20 km, and the seismicity was distributed uniformly along the fault strike.

The Damage in Arch Bridges during 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 1597-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Huang ◽  
Jun Jie Wang ◽  
Xi Yu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Arch Bridge ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Arch Bridges ◽  
Main Arch

During the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, many arch bridges in the seismic zone were damaged. The typical damage included: span collapsed, abutment and arch springing cracked, spandrel arch damaged, damage in the joint member between deck and main arch, damage out of arch plane. Some typical damage examples of the arch bridge are introduced in this paper. The causes and regular pattern features of the earthquake damage are analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures are proposed.

Learning from Self-Organization among Service Volunteers after the Wenchuan Earthquake – The Case of Ad Hoc Volunteer Organization K388

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-301
Author(s):  
Shujie Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Volunteer Organization ◽  
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Disaster Area

Abstract“Self-organization” describes coordinated actions by members of a system through a process of social evolution and without prompting by outside forces that result in action unified in temporal, spatial, or functional terms and also in an orderly, living structure. After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, some volunteers spontaneously coordinated effective, unified actions. K388 is one such volunteer team. By analyzing K388, this paper looks at how volunteers in the disaster area innovated, self-organized, and formed orderly organizations.

Landslide hazard assessment of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: a case study in Beichuan area

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Tang ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Xin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Very High ◽  
Earthquake Area

The Wenchuan earthquake (magnitude Ms = 8.0) of 12 May 2008 triggered widespread and large-scale landslides over an area of about 50 000 km2. A study was undertaken to determine the primary factors associated with seismic landslide occurrence. An index-based approach used to assess earthquake-triggered landslide hazard in the central part of the Wenchuan earthquake area affected is described. Slope gradient, relief amplitude, lithology, bedding–slope relations, fault proximity, stream proximity, and antecedent rainfall are recognized as factors that may have had an important influence on landslide occurrence. The assessment of the influence of each of these factors is presented through use of a series of maps showing areas of low, moderate, high, and very high landslide hazard. Areas identified as having “very high and high landslide hazard” were located along the earthquake-source fault and along both banks of the Jian River. The role of rainfall is very significant for future landslide occurrence in the earthquake area. The results of this study will assist decision makers in the selection of safe sites during the reconstruction process. The maps can also be used for landslide risk management in the study area.

scholarly journals The damage mechanism of water tower in Shaanxi Provence during Wenchuan Earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Li ◽  
Xuyang Luo ◽  
Rui Duan ◽  
Youliang Shu ◽  
Wangqiang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Basin Edge ◽  
Weihe Basin ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion

Through the collection, collation and analysis of the data about damage of Water tower in Shaanxi Provence during 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, the mechanism of long-period damage of the water tower is given. The analysis shows that, in Hanzhong basin, Ankang basin, and Weihe basin, serious damage should be caused by the long-period effect of basin of large earthquake in the far field. That magnitude of Wenchuan Earthquake is high, three basins are at the direction where the Wenchuan Earthquake wave propagated, and the epicentre is from 400 to 600km determines that the Wenchuan earthquake has the condition producing long-period effect in the three basins. In addition, the basins have very thick deposits, as well as possible basin edge effect may enhance long period damage. The damage of long-period of water tower results from the resonance between water tower and long-period ground motion.

Seismic Damage Analysis of the Teaching Buildings in Leigu Town in the Wenchuan Earthquake

2009 ◽  
Vol 417-418 ◽  
pp. 889-892
Author(s):  
Bai Tao Sun ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Pei Lei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Actual Damage ◽  
Beichuan County

A great earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred on May 12, 2008 (Beijing Time) in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province of China. Leigu town, which adjoins Beichuan county, was the most seriously damaged place in this earthquake. The teaching buildings were destroyed severely and the earthquake disaster phenomena is very typical. In this paper, firstly, the characteristics of structures and the earthquake damage of the teaching buildings in Leigu town are introduced in detail. Secondly, their damage states are calculated by means of structure vulnerability analysis, which are used for comparative analysis with actual damage states, and the influencing factors on seismic behavior are analyzed. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on the reconstruction of teaching buildings after disaster have been given.

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