scholarly journals The impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on early puberty: a natural experiment

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiguo Lian ◽  
Xiayun Zuo ◽  
Yanyan Mao ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Shan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe factors influencing pubertal timing have gained much attention due to a secular trend toward earlier pubertal onset in many countries. However, no studies have investigated the association between the Great earthquake and early puberty. We aimed to assess whether the Wenchuan earthquake is associated with early puberty, in both boys and girls.MethodsWe used data from two circles of a survey on reproductive health in China to explore the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on early puberty , and a total of 9,785 adolescents (4,830 boys, 49.36%) aged 12–20 years from 29 schools in eight provinces were recruited. Wenchuan earthquake exposure was defined as those Sichuan students who had not experienced oigarche/menarche before May 12, 2008. Early puberty was identified as a reported onset of oigarche/menarche at 11 years or earlier. We tested the association between the Wenchuan earthquake and early puberty in boys and girls. Then, subgroup analysis stratified by the age at earthquake exposure also was performed.ResultsIn total, 8,883 adolescents (4,543 boys, 51.14%) with a mean (SD) age of 15.13 (1.81) were included in the final sample. In general, children exposed to the earthquake had three times greater risk of early puberty (boys, RR [95% CI] = 3.18 [2.21–4.57]; girls: RR [95%CI] =3.16 [2.65–3.78]). Subgroup analysis showed that the adjusted RR was 1.90 [1.19–3.03] for boys and 2.22 [1.75–2.80] for girls. Earthquake exposure predicted almost a fourfold (RR [95%CI] = 3.91 [1.31–11.72]) increased risk of early puberty in preschool girls, whereas the increase was about twofold (RR [95%CI] = 2.09 [1.65–2.64]) in schoolgirls. Among boys, only older age at earthquake exposure was linked to early puberty (RR [95%CI] = 1.93 [1.18–3.16]).ConclusionsWenchuan earthquake exposure increased the risk of early puberty in boys and girls, and preschoolers were more at risk than schoolchildren. The implications are relevant to support policies for those survivors, especially children, to better rebuild after disasters.

scholarly journals 575. Evaluation of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S271-S271
Author(s):  
Gauri Chauhan ◽  
Nikunj M Vyas ◽  
Todd P Levin ◽  
Sungwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) occurs with enhanced frequency in hospitalized patients and are usually associated with poor clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients with VRE infections. Methods This study was an IRB-approved multi-center retrospective chart review conducted at a three-hospital health system between August 2016-November 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients ≥18 years and admitted for ≥24 hours with cultures positive for VRE. Patients pregnant or colonized with VRE were excluded. The primary endpoint was to analyze the association of potential risk factors with all-cause in-hospital mortality (ACM) and 30-day readmission. The subgroup analysis focused on the association of risk factors with VRE bacteremia. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the impact of different treatment groups of high dose daptomycin (HDD) (≥10 mg/kg/day) vs. low dose daptomycin (LDD) (< 10 mg/kg/day) vs. linezolid (LZD) on ACM and 30-day readmission. Subgroup analysis focused on the difference of length of stay (LOS), length of therapy (LOT), duration of bacteremia (DOB) and clinical success (CS) between the treatment groups. Results There were 81 patients included for analysis; overall mortality was observed at 16%. Utilizing multivariate logistic regression analyses, patients presenting from long-term care facilities (LTCF) were found to have increased risk for mortality (OR 4.125, 95% CI 1.149–14.814). No specific risk factors were associated with 30-day readmission. Patients with previous exposure to fluoroquinolones (FQ) and cephalosporins (CPS), nosocomial exposure and history of heart failure (HF) showed association with VRE bacteremia. ACM was similar between HDD vs. LDD vs. LZD (16.7% vs. 15.4% vs. 0%, P = 0.52). No differences were seen between LOS, LOT, CS, and DOB between the groups. Conclusion Admission from LTCFs was a risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality in VRE patients. Individuals with history of FQ, CPS and nosocomial exposure as well as history of HF showed increased risk of acquiring VRE bacteremia. There was no difference in ACM, LOS, LOT, and DOB between HDD, LDD and LZD. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Wenchuan Earthquake on Birth Outcomes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. e8200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong E. Tan ◽  
Hong Jun Li ◽  
Xian Geng Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Pei Yu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The Impact

Abstract P316: Sleep Timing Correlates With Incident Congestive Heart Failure: A Community-based Cohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yan ◽  
Ruohan Li ◽  
Xuting Jin ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that sleep habits were associated with cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is no evidence about the relationship between sleep timing and congestive heart failure (CHF). Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the bedtime and wake-up time on weekday and weekend may be associated with incident CHF. Methods: From the Sleep Heart Health Study (registration number, NCT00005275), participants without previous heart failure were enrolled in the present prospective study. Sleep timing including bedtime and wake-up time on weekday and weekend was acquired from a self-reported Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Bedtime on weekdays and weekend was divided into >24:00, 23:01 to 24:00, 22:01 to 23:00 and ≤22:00. Wake-up time on weekdays and weekend was classified as >8:00, 7:01 to 8:00, 6:01 to 7:00 and ≤6:00. Further subgroup analysis was conducted according to sleep duration of <6h, 6-8h and >8h. Participants were followed up until the first CHF diagnosed between the date of the completed questionnaire and the final censoring date. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between sleep timing and CHF. Results: A total of 4765 participants including 2207 males and 2558 females with a mean age of 63.6±11.0 years were recruited in the study. During the mean follow-up period of 11 years, 519 participants were diagnosed with CHF. The incidence of CHF in participants with weekday bedtime at >24:00 was 15.6% (69 of 441), which is higher than those with bedtime at 23:01 to 24:00 [12.7% (166 of 1306)], 22:01 to 23:00 [7.0% (128 of 1837)], and ≤22:00 [13.2% (156 of 1181)]. Participants with wake-up time on weekday at > 8:00 also had the highest incidence of CHF [19.7% (45 of 229)] than those with wake-up time at 7:01 to 8:00 [14.2% (89 of 627)], 6:01 to 7:00 [11.5% (171 of 1485)], and ≤6:00 [8.8% (214 of 2424)]. After multivariate Cox regression analyses, individuals with bedtime at >24:00 on weekdays was associated with a higher incidence of CHF (HR 1.559, 95% CI 1.151-2.113, P = 0.004) than those with bedtime at 22:01 to 23:00. And compared with participants with wake-up time at ≤6:00, those with wake-up time at > 8:00 also had an increased risk of incident CHF (HR 1.525, 95% CI 1.074-2.166, P =0.018). After further subgroup analysis, the association between bedtime at >24:00 on weekdays and incident CHF were strengthened in the participants with 6-8 hours’ sleep duration (HR 2.087, 95% CI 1.446-3.013, P <0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, late bedtime (>24:00) and late wake-up time (>8:00) on weekdays may correlate with an increased risk of CHF. The impact of sleep timing on incident cardiovascular diseases may be worth further prospective study.

Impact of the Wenchuan Earthquake on Construction Index Using an EMD-Based Event Analysis Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Xu Dong Hu ◽  
Yu Song
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Impact

The impact of certain extreme events on the construction index is of greatly importance which could be viewed as a huge turning to the index. In the paper, the Wenchuan Earthquake of China would be chosen as the extreme event and an EMD-based (Empirical Mode Decomposition) analysis approach would be used to test the earthquake’s impact. In the proposed method, a t-test is necessary to prove the significant level which could say the earthquake did have huge influence on the change of the construction index (399235.SZ) measured in Shenzhen stock market. Then the time series would be decomposed into six different modes and one residue which represent different turnings with different fluctuations and an average trend. Different fluctuations are caused by different factors but there is only one or several dominant modes can reflect the impact caused by certain extreme event which is the Wenchuan Earthquake of China in this study. Through a step-by-step analysis based on the EMD-based analysis approach, a simple solution would be obtained to estimate the huge impact caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake on the construction index which we name an EMD-based event analysis method.

Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Thyroidectomies for Malignancy: Does it Matter?

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482199196
Author(s):  
Shravan Leonard-Murali ◽  
Tommy Ivanics ◽  
Hassan Nasser ◽  
Amy Tang ◽  
Michael C. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nerve Monitoring ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Complications Of Thyroidectomy ◽  
Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

Background Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and postoperative hypocalcemia are potential complications of thyroidectomy, particularly in malignancy. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) remains controversial. We sought to evaluate the impact of IONM on these complications using a national data set. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program thyroidectomy-targeted data set was queried for patients who underwent thyroidectomies from 2016 to 2017. Patients were grouped according to IONM use. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate associations of variables with 30-day hypocalcemic events (HCEs) and RLN injury. Associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A subgroup analysis was performed of patients with malignancy. Results A total of 9527 patients were identified; 5969 (62.7%) underwent thyroidectomy with IONM and 3558 (37.3%) without. By multivariable analysis, IONM had protective associations with HCE (OR = .81, 95% CI = .68-.96; P = .013) and RLN injury (OR = .83, 95% CI = .69-.98; P = .033). Malignancy increased risk of HCE (OR = 1.21, 95% CI=1.01-1.45; P = .038) and RLN injury (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02-1.46; P = .034). A large proportion (5943/9527, 62.4%) of patients had malignancy; 3646 (61.3%) underwent thyroidectomy with IONM and 2297 (38.7%) without. In the subgroup analysis, IONM had stronger protective associations with HCE (OR = .73, 95% CI = .60-.90; P = .003) and RLN injury (OR = .76, 95% CI = .62-.94; P = .012). Discussion Malignancy was associated with increased risk of HCE and RLN injury. Intraoperative nerve monitoring had a protective association with HCE and RLN injury, both overall, and in the malignant subgroup. Intraoperative nerve monitoring was correlated with improved thyroidectomy outcomes, especially if the indication was malignancy. This warrants further study to clarify cause and effect.

“Blessing in disguise”: The impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on inbound tourist arrivals in Sichuan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Mingzhi Luo ◽  
Songshan (Sam) Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals 0267 School Night Sleep Duration Effect on Risk for In-and-Out of School Suspensions: An Investigation in a Middle-School Aged Sample

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A102-A102
Author(s):  
J D Cook ◽  
P E Peppard ◽  
E E Blair ◽  
K M Tran ◽  
D T Plante
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Aged Sample ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
School Start Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Out Of School

Abstract Introduction Sleep plays an important role in adolescent education and development. Sleep impacts student school attendance, academic performance, and daytime behaviors. There has been limited investigation into the impact on sleep duration (SD) on school suspension risk. Given the growing public health and policy focus on altering school start times to increase SD, this study assessed SD association with school suspension risk using a middle-school aged sample from the Madison (Wisconsin) Metropolitan School District (MMSD), prior to implementation of a planned district-wide delay in middle school start times. Methods 4,175 middle-school aged students from 12 MMSD schools completed a sleep survey, which included school-night SD (SNSD). Self-reported SNSD between 4-and-12 hours served as criterion for inclusion in final sample. Mixed effects modeling was employed with students nested within school. Logistic regression determined SNSD association with in-school (ISS) and out-of-school (OSS) suspensions. ISS and OSS were dichotomized (No ISS/OSS = 0; nonzero ISS/OSS = 1) to serve as outcome variables. Full model covariates included age, sex, race, circadian preference, parent educational level, homelessness, free and reduced lunch, and special education status. Results Final sample included 3,860 students. Shorter SNSD associated with greater likelihood of OSS [OR = 0.83, 95% CI (-0.28, -0.09), X2 = 16.1, p &lt; 0.0001], but not ISS [OR = 0.97, 95% CI (-0.14, -0.070), X2 = 0.44, p = 0.51]. Significance between SNSD and OSS was maintained in the full model [OR = 0.84, 95% CI (-0.27, -0.08), X2 = 13.2, p = 0.0003]. Each additional hour of sleep associated with 16% lower risk of OSS. Conclusion These results suggest that students with shorter SD are at increased risk for OSS, which further highlights the potential deleterious impact of short SD on adolescent educational experience. Support This research was generously supported by a grant from the Madison Education Partnership (MEP).

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