scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Confers Antinociceptive Effects via Inhibition of Glutamate Transporter Downregulation in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Injected Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha-Neui Kim ◽  
Yu-Ri Kim ◽  
Ji-Yeon Jang ◽  
Hwa-Kyoung Shin ◽  
Byung-Tae Choi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Glutamate Transporter 1

When we evaluated changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and two glutamate transporter (GTs) by immunohistochemistry, expression of GFAP showed a significant increase in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-injected rats; however, this expression was strongly inhibited by electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation. Robust downregulation of glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) was observed in CFA-injected rats; however, EA stimulation resulted in recovery of this expression. Double-labeling staining showed co-localization of a large proportion of GLAST or GLT-1 with GFAP. Using Western blot, we confirmed protein expression of two GTs, but no differences in the mRNA content of these GTs were observed. Because EA treatment resulted in strong inhibition of CFA-induced proteasome activities, we examined the question of whether thermal sensitivities and GTs expression could be regulated by proteasome inhibitor MG132. CFA-injected rats co-treated with EA and MG132 showed a significantly longer thermal sensitivity, compared with CFA-injected rats with or without MG132. Both EA and MG132 blocked CFA-induced GLAST and GLT-1 downregulation within the spinal cord. These results provide evidence for involvement of GLAST and GLT-1 in response to activation of spinal astrocytes in an EA antinociceptive effect. Antinociceptive effect of EA may be induced via proteasome-mediated regulation of spinal GTs.

scholarly journals VGLUT2/Cdk5/p25 Signaling Pathway Contributed to Inflammatory Pain by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yuwen Tang ◽  
Zhiyou Peng ◽  
Shoujun Tao ◽  
Jianliang Sun ◽  
Wenyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Heat Hyperalgesia

Vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2) is known to play an important role in mediating heat hyperalgesia induced by inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism for this activity is poorly understood. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), serving as a key regulator in modulating release of glutamate, acted a key player in the formation of heat hyperalgesia of inflammatory pain. However, it remains unknown whether there is a bridge between Cdk5 and VGLUT2 for mediating inflammatory pain. Therefore, we designed the experiment to determine whether VGLUT2 signaling pathway is involved in inflammatory pain mediated by Cdk5 in the inflammatory pain model induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Our results showed that the coexpression of Cdk5/VGLUT2 in small- and medium-sized neuronal cells of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord between days 1 and 3 following subcutaneous injection of CFA was significantly increased. Moreover, our study revealed that the expression of VGLUT2 protein in the DRG and spinal cord was remarkably increased between days 1 and 3 following CFA injection and was significantly reduced by roscovitine, a selective antagonist of Cdk5. Additionally, p25 but not p35, an activator of Cdk5, protein was significantly increased by CFA and reduced by roscovitine. Our findings suggested that VGLUT2/Cdk5 signaling pathway contributes to inflammatory pain mediated by Cdk5/p25.

Moxibustion at ST36 Alleviates Pain in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyo Kim ◽  
Hee-Kee Kim ◽  
Yong-Il Park ◽  
In-Churl Sohn ◽  
Dong-Ok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
No Production ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

This study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of moxibustion in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rat model, and the effects of moxibustion on immunohistochemical changes at the spinal cord level. Moxibustion was applied to the ipsilateral (right) Zusanli (ST36) acupoint to the lesion side for 9 days to CFA-induced arthritic rats. The stepping force was measured as a behavioral test, c-Fos immunohistochemistry, NO production and nNOS Western blots were examined to evaluate antinociceptive effects. Moxibustion at ST36 significantly improved the stepping force in the affected hind limb in CFA-induced arthritis. Moreover, moxibustion at ST36 suppressed the production of NO and the protein expression of c-Fos and nNOS induced by arthritis. These results suggest that moxibustion at ST36 has a potent antinociceptive effect in an arthritic rat model, and modulates neuronal excitability and endogenous NO production by suppressing c-Fos and nNOS protein expression.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive Effect ofTephrosia sinapouExtract in the Acetic Acid, Phenyl-p-benzoquinone, Formalin, and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Models of Overt Pain-Like Behavior in Mice

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata M. Martinez ◽  
Ana C. Zarpelon ◽  
Talita P. Domiciano ◽  
Sandra R. Georgetti ◽  
Marcela M. Baracat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

Tephrosia toxicaria, which is currently known asTephrosia sinapou(Buc’hoz) A. Chev. (Fabaceae), is a source of compounds such as flavonoids.T. sinapouhas been used in Amazonian countries traditional medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects ofT. sinapouethyl acetate extract in overt pain-like behavior models in mice by using writhing response and flinching/licking tests. We demonstrated in this study thatT. sinapouextract inhibited, in a dose (1–100 mg/kg) dependent manner, acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone- (PBQ-) induced writhing response. Furthermore, it was active via intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and peroral routes of administration.T. sinapouextract also inhibited formalin- and complete Freund’s adjuvant- (CFA-) induced flinching/licking at 100 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate thatT. sinapouethyl acetate extract reduces inflammatory pain in the acetic acid, PBQ, formalin, and CFA models of overt pain-like behavior. Therefore, the potential of analgesic activity ofT. sinapouindicates that it deserves further investigation.

Antinociceptive Investigations of Niranthin in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Chronic Pain in Mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R. Chopade ◽  
Vijay R. Salunkhe ◽  
Pramod A. Patil ◽  
Madhav R. Burade ◽  
Prakash M. Somade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Multiple Dosing ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Mechanical Hypersensitivity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

Abstract: The main objectives of the present work are to determine the clinical effect of niranthin on visceral or somatic inflammatory pain. The study was performed to determine the effects of niranthin on visceral or somatic inflammatory hypersensitivity of adult Swiss albino mice by using complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced pain model. The effect of CFA injection was determined after 24 hours of injection by using an aesthesiometer such as Von Frey filaments to evaluate tactile acetone-evoked cooling and thermal sensitivity. We used a digital Plethysmometer to measure paw edema. Single dose of niranthin intraperitoneal injection (5 & 10 mg/kg) was injected into mice having CFA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and after 30 minutes of administration, reduced mechanical hypersensitivity was observed. In addition, niranthin also reduced acetone-evoked hypersensitivity within 4 hours. Compared to DMSO, niranthin was most highly active to reduce CFA-induced paw edema. To reduce mechanical hypersensitivity, multiple doses of niranthin (bis in die (b.i.d.)) from 1st - 5th day and b.i.d. day 9th and 10th) were given and remarkable results were observed such as did not cause tolerance in multiple dosing and significantly reduced in CFA induced hypersensitivity. This work reported niranthin having antinociceptive activity and indicated that niranthin is conventionally active in the management of persistent pain.

scholarly journals Total Western Diet Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity and Prolongs Hypersensitivity Following Complete Freund's Adjuvant in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacie K. Totsch ◽  
Megan E. Waite ◽  
Ashleigh Tomkovich ◽  
Tammie L. Quinn ◽  
Barbara A. Gower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant
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