scholarly journals Virological Response in Cerebrospinal Fluid to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Large Italian Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients with Neurological Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Letizia Giancola ◽  
Patrizia Lorenzini ◽  
Antonella Cingolani ◽  
Francesco Baldini ◽  
Simona Bossolasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Neuroactive Drugs ◽  
Italian Cohort

The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and single antiretroviral drugs on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-RNA burden in HIV-infected patients affected by neurological disorders enrolled in a multicentric Italian cohort. ARVs were considered “neuroactive” from literature reports. Three hundred sixty-three HIV-positive patients with available data from paired plasma and CSF samples, were selected. One hundred twenty patients (33.1%) were taking ARVs at diagnosis of neurological disorder. Mean CSF HIV-RNA was significantly higher in naïve than in experienced patients, and in patients not taking ARV than in those on ARV. A linear correlation between CSF HIV-RNA levels and number of neuroactive drugs included in the regimen was also found (r=−0.44,P<0.001). Low -plasma HIV-RNA and the lack of neurocognitive impairment resulted in independently associated to undetectable HIV-RNA. Taking nevirapine or efavirenz, or regimen including NNRTI, NNRTI plus PI or boosted PI, was independently associated to an increased probability to have undetectable HIV-RNA in CSF. The inclusion of two or three neuroactive drugs in the ARV regimen was independently associated to undetectable viral load in CSF. Our data could be helpful in identifying ARV regimens able to better control HIV replication in the CNS sanctuary, and could be a historical reference for further analyses.

scholarly journals High Rate of Non-detectable HIV-1 RNA among Antiretroviral Drug Naive HIV Positive Individuals in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. VRT.S12677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina N. Odaibo ◽  
Isaac F. Adewole ◽  
David O. Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Detectable Viral Load ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, or viral load, is an indication of the magnitude of virus replication and largely correlates with disease progression in an infected person. It is a very useful guide for initiation of therapy and monitoring of response to antiretroviral drugs. Although the majority of patients who are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high viral load, a small proportion of ART naive patients are known to maintain low levels or even undetectable viral load levels. In this study, we determined the rate of undetectable HIV-1 RNA among ART naive HIV positive patients who presented for treatment at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria from 2005 to 2011. Baseline viral load and CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of 14,662 HIV positive drug naive individuals were determined using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5 and Partec easy count kit, respectively. The detection limits of the viral load assay are 400 copies/mL and 750,000 copies/mL for lower and upper levels, respectively. A total of 1,399 of the 14,662 (9.5%) HIV-1 positive drug naive individuals had undetectable viral load during the study period. In addition, the rate of non-detectable viral load increased over the years. The mean CD4 counts among HIV-1 infected individuals with detectable viral load (266 cells/μL; range = 1 to 2,699 cells/μL) was lower than in patients with undetectable viral load (557 cells/μL; range = 1 to 3,102 cells/μL). About 10% of HIV-1 infected persons in our study population had undetectable viral load using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5.

Short Communication: Elevated Labile Iron Levels in CD4 and CD8 T Cells from HIV-Positive Individuals with Undetectable Viral Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Radoslava Emilova ◽  
Victor Manolov ◽  
Yana Todorova ◽  
Nina Yancheva ◽  
Ivailo Alexiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Labile Iron

scholarly journals Opportunistic Cryptococcal Antigenemia in the HAART Era at HIV Epidemic Settings of Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Markos Negash ◽  
Tadelo Wondmagegn ◽  
Fitsumbrhan Tajebe
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Th Cell

Background. Cryptococcus neoformans is a frequent opportunistic infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. While the advent of ART reduces the occurrence of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients, cryptococcal disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world especially in sub-Saharan Africa which is the epicenter of HIV. This study aimed to assess the cryptococcal antigenemia, CD4+ Th cell counts, HIV RNA viral load, and clinical presentations among HIV-positive patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Method. A total of two hundred (200) HIV-positive patients were recruited for this study. Cryptococcus antigenemia prevalence in plasma samples of HIV‐positive patients was determined by using Antigen lateral flow assay (CrAg‐LFA) also, and CD4+ Th cell counts and HIV‐RNA levels were quantified from blood specimen. Patients’ demographic data, clinical manifestation, and concurrent opportunistic infection were recorded. Result. The sex distributions of study participants were 105(52.5%) male and 94(47.5%) female with an age range of 15–65 (mean 39.42 ± 9) years. All patients had a CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/µl with the median 54 cells/μl and median HIV-RNA viral load 2.16 × 105 RNA copies/ml (50–3.66 × 105 RNA copies/ml); the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia was found to be 4% in HIV-positive patients. More than half and two third of CrAg‐positive patients had a CD4 count <25 cells/μl and HIV viral load >10,000 copies/ml, respectively, as well; Tuberculosis, Candidiasis, and herpes zoster are the most often observed concurrent infections while cryptococcal antigenemia is significantly associated with oral candidiasis (p<0.001). Conclusion. Although the advent of ART, early diagnosis of cryptococcosis, and application of antifungal interventions, HIV-induced cryptococcal antigenemia positivity in HIV infected individuals is still the countries’ big challenge. Thus, stringent follow-up and case management should be considered.

scholarly journals P86 An audit of time taken to reach undetectable viral load in therapy-naïve HIV-positive patients initiating art

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A44.1-A44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Emmanuel Okpo ◽  
Steve Baguley ◽  
Ambreen Butt ◽  
Daniela Brawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals The Effects of Viral Load Burden on Pregnancy Loss among HIV-Infected Women in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan E. Cates ◽  
Daniel Westreich ◽  
Andrew Edmonds ◽  
Rodney L. Wright ◽  
Howard Minkoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Risk Ratios

Background. To evaluate the effects of HIV viral load, measured cross-sectionally and cumulatively, on the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth (pregnancy loss) among HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study between 1994 and 2013.Methods. We assessed three exposures: most recent viral load measure before the pregnancy ended, log10copy-years viremia from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to conception, and log10copy-years viremia in the two years before conception.Results. The risk of pregnancy loss for those with log10viral load >4.00 before pregnancy ended was 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 2.56) times as high as the risk for women whose log10viral load was ≤1.60. There was not a meaningful impact of log10copy-years viremia since ART or log10copy-years viremia in the two years before conception on pregnancy loss (adjusted risk ratios (aRRs): 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.92) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.11), resp.).Conclusions. Cumulative viral load burden does not appear to be an informative measure for pregnancy loss risk, but the extent of HIV replication during pregnancy, as represented by plasma HIV RNA viral load, predicted loss versus live birth in this ethnically diverse cohort of HIV-infected US women.

Association between atazanavir plasma levels and renal function in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral load

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
Ana Júlia Luz ◽  
Júlia Poeta ◽  
Rafael Linden ◽  
Marina Venzon Antunes ◽  
Luiza Isola Caminha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals What gaps remain in the HIV cascade of care? Results of a population-based survey in Nsanje District, Malawi

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248410
Author(s):  
Nolwenn Conan ◽  
Cyrus P. Paye ◽  
Reinaldo Ortuno ◽  
Alexander Chijuwa ◽  
Brown Chiwandira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Cascade Of Care

Introduction The Malawi Ministry of Health (MoH) has been in collaboration with Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) to increase access to quality HIV care through decentralization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) diagnosis and treatment from hospital to clinics in Nsanje District since 2011. A population-based household survey was implemented to provide information on HIV prevalence and cascade of care to inform and prioritize community-based HIV interventions in the district. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2016 and January 2017. Using two-stage cluster sampling, eligible adult individuals aged ≥15 years living in the selected households were asked to participate. Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV at home. Those tested HIV-positive had their HIV-RNA viral load (VL) measured, regardless of their ART status. All participants tested HIV-positive at the time of the survey were advised to report their HIV test result to the health facility of their choice that MSF was supported in the district. HIV-RNA VL results were made available in this health facility. Results Among 5,315 eligible individuals, 91.1% were included in the survey and accepted an HIV test. The overall prevalence was 12.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 11.2–13.0) and was higher in women than in men: 14.0% versus 9.5%, P<0.001. Overall HIV-positive status awareness was 80.0% (95%CI: 76.4–83.1) and was associated with sex (P<0.05). Linkage to care was 78.0% (95%CI: 74.3–81.2) and participants in care 76.2% (95%CI: 72.4–79.5). ART coverage among participants aware of their HIV-positive status was 95.3% (95%CI: 92.9–96.9) and was not associated with sex (P = 0.55). Viral load suppression among participants on ART was 89.9% (95%CI: 86.6–92.4) and was not statistically different by sex (p = 0.40). Conclusions Despite encouraging results in HIV testing coverage, cascade of care, and UNAIDS targets in Nsanje District, some gap remains in the first 90, specifically among men and young adults. Enhanced community engagement and new strategies of testing, such as index testing, could be implemented to identify those who are still undiagnosed, particularly men and young adults.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of the Management of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C-Positive Pregnancies in Edinburgh, UK from 1997-2002.

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Russell
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Study Child ◽  
Intrapartum Management

STUDY AIMS: This study aims to examine management practices for HIV-positive, HBV-positive and HCV-positive pregnancies over 1997-2002 in Edinburgh, UK, and the effects the diseases have on pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Equally for HIV, HBV, and HCV, 50% of the diagnoses were made before pregnancy while the other 50% were detected and diagnosed through antenatal testing. Of the 17 HBV-positive pregnancies 31.6% of the women were highly infectious at delivery and 57.9% were carriers with low infectivity. Of the 17 HIV-positive pregnancies 47.1% of the women had an undetectable viral load and 17.6% were unrecorded at delivery. All 17 HIV-positive pregnancies received ART in varying regimes, 15 (88.2%) were on combination therapy, one delivered vaginally and no women breastfed. All neonates of HBV-positive mothers received immunoglobulin and vaccination and were then breastfed. There were no specific interventions for HCV. Only one study child out of the 38 pregnancies became infected, and this was with HIV. CONCLUSION: Routine screening identifies women with no obvious risk factors, and interventions are largely accepted and effective at reducing vertical transmission. HIV therapy is individually tailored and increasingly uses several agents. Moreover, there is a movement towards allowing low viral load HIV-positive women to deliver vaginally. There are no interventions recommended for HCV infectivity alone. The difficulty collecting information illustrates that no adequate tracking system of infected pregnant women exists. Recommended is the creation of a formal database that includes standardized information such as the viral load of HIV or HCV at delivery, so that outcomes of intrapartum management can be more effectively assessed. No comment can be made on virus-related pregnancy complications, as study numbers are too small for statistically valid data.

Analytical treatment interruption in chronic HIV-1 infection: time and magnitude of viral rebound in adults with 10 years of undetectable viral load and low HIV-DNA (APACHE study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2039-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Castagna ◽  
Camilla Muccini ◽  
Laura Galli ◽  
Alba Bigoloni ◽  
Andrea Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Viral Rebound ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Hiv Dna ◽  
Acute Retroviral Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractObjectivesDespite the fact that there are individuals who have chronic HIV infection, few studies have investigated ART interruption in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to spontaneously control viral replication during analytical treatment interruption (ATI) in adults with chronic HIV-1 infection, on ART, with suppressed viraemia for >10 years and with a low reservoir.Patients and methodsThis was a prospective, open-label, single-arm, non-randomized, proof-of-concept study (NCT03198325) of subjects with chronic HIV-1 infection, HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL for ≥10 years, without residual viraemia for ≥5 years, CD4+ >500 cells/mm3, HIV-DNA <100 copies/106 PBMCs and without comorbidities or AIDS-defining diseases. Enrolled patients were strictly monitored. The ART regimen in use at ATI was resumed in the case of confirmed viral rebound (CVR, two consecutive HIV-RNA >50 copies/mL). Results are reported as median (IQR).ResultsNine patients underwent ATI. All participants experienced CVR [4.84 (IQR: 3.47–6.47) HIV-RNA log10 copies/mL] after ATI at a median time of 21 days (range 14–56) and restarted ART. After ART resumption, all the subjects achieved HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL in a median of 88 days (range 15–197). No serious adverse event occurred; one subject experienced acute retroviral syndrome. No significant correlation between baseline factors and time to viral rebound was observed, while the magnitude of viral rebound was significantly associated with pre-ART HIV-1 RNA (Spearman r = 0.786, P = 0.036), nadir CD4+ (Spearman r = −0.800, P = 0.010), baseline CD4+ (Spearman r = −0.667, P = 0.049) and years with undetectable viral load (Spearman r = −0.717, P = 0.030).ConclusionsDespite a long period of HIV viral load suppression and a low viral reservoir, early and consistent viral rebound was observed during ATI in all subjects.

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