scholarly journals Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness, Psychosocial Dysfunction and Suffering in ESSENCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Henrik Anckarsäter ◽  
Sebastian Lundström
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Dysfunction ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Impact

Background. The acronym ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations) highlights that children seeking clinical treatment are often multiply impaired, thus requiring treatment from several specialties. The aim was to map and relate, on a population level, ESSENCE to two salient predictors of health and adaptation to adversities, namely, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and also to dysfunction and suffering.Methods. Participants were twins(N=1892)aged 9 or 12 whose parents were interviewed with the Autism-Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC), and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI). The A-TAC was first used to discern four ESSENCE-related screening diagnoses: autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and developmental coordination disorder; second, to quantify dysfunction and suffering in important social areas.Results. ESSENCE symptoms were continuously and categorically associated with deficiency in Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and higher ratings of dysfunction and suffering. The impact of ESSENCE symptoms on these measures of mental health was found in a milder form in about 16% of all children and in a severe form in about 2%.Conclusion. Therapeutic interventions focusing on Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness might provide a novel method for child psychiatry in its approach to ESSENCE.

scholarly journals Why Bother About Clumsiness? The Implications of Having Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gillberg ◽  
Björn Kadesjö
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
High Rate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Child Syndrome ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common motor problem affecting—even in rather severe form—several percent of school age children. In the past, DCD has usually been called ‘clumsy child syndrome’ or ‘non-cerebralpalsy motor-perception dysfunction’. This disorder is more common in boys than in girls and is very often associated with psychopathology, particularly with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders/ autistic-type problems. Conversely, children with ADHD and autism spectrum problems, particularly those given a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, have a very high rate of comorbid DCD. Psychiatrists appear to be unaware of this type of comorbidity in their young patients. Neurologists, on the other hand, usually pay little attention to the striking behavioral and emotional problems shown by so many of their ‘clumsy’ patients. A need exists for a much clearer focus on DCD—in child psychiatry and in child neurology—both in research and in clinical practice.

Clinical Conundrums When Integrating the QbTest into a Standard ADHD Assessment of Children and Young People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Standard Clinical Practice ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe uptake of the QbTest in clinical practice is increasing and has recently been supported by research evidence proposing its effectiveness in relation to clinical decision-making. However, the exact underlying process leading to this clinical benefit is currently not well established and requires further clarification. For the clinician, certain challenges arise when adding the QbTest as a novel method to standard clinical practice, such as having the skills required to interpret neuropsychological test information and assess for diagnostically relevant neurocognitive domains that are related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or how neurocognitive domains express themselves within the behavioral classifications of ADHD and how the quantitative measurement of activity in a laboratory setting compares with real-life (ecological validity) situations as well as the impact of comorbidity on test results. This article aims to address these clinical conundrums in aid of developing a consistent approach and future guidelines in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Generalised joint hypermobility and neurodevelopmental traits in a non-clinical adult population

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Glans ◽  
Susanne Bejerot ◽  
Mats B. Humble
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Coordination Disorder ◽  
Clinical Populations ◽  
Clinical Cases

BackgroundGeneralised joint hypermobility (GJH) is reportedly overrepresented among clinical cases of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It is unknown if these associations are dimensional and, therefore, also relevant among non-clinical populations.AimsTo investigate if GJH correlates with sub-syndromal neurodevelopmental symptoms in a normal population.MethodHakim-Grahame's 5-part questionnaire (5PQ) on GJH, neuropsychiatric screening scales measuring ADHD and ASD traits, and a DCD-related question concerning clumsiness were distributed to a non-clinical, adult, Swedish population (n=1039).ResultsIn total, 887 individuals met our entry criteria. We found no associations between GJH and sub-syndromal symptoms of ADHD, ASD or DCD.ConclusionsAlthough GJH is overrepresented in clinical cases with neurodevelopmental disorders, such an association seems absent in a normal population. Thus, if GJH serves as a biomarker cutting across diagnostic boundaries, this association is presumably limited to clinical populations.

scholarly journals Developmental coordination disorder, psychopathology and IQ in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Cunningham ◽  
Sue Delport ◽  
Wendy Cumines ◽  
Monica Busse ◽  
David E. J. Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with high rates of neurodevelopmental disorder, however, the links between developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual function and psychiatric disorder remain unexplored.AimsTo establish the prevalence of indicative DCD in children with 22q11.2DS and examine associations with IQ, neurocognition and psychopathology.MethodNeurocognitive assessments and psychiatric interviews of 70 children with 22q11.2DS (mean age 11.2, s.d. = 2.2) and 32 control siblings (mean age 11.5, s.d. = 2.1) were carried out in their homes. Nine children with 22q11.2DS and indicative DCD were subsequently assessed in an occupational therapy clinic.ResultsIndicative DCD was found in 57 (81.4%) children with 22q11.2DS compared with 2 (6.3%) control siblings (odds ratio (OR) = 36.7,P< 0.001). Eight of nine (89%) children with indicative DCD met DSM-5 criteria for DCD. Poorer coordination was associated with increased numbers of anxiety, (P< 0.001), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (P< 0.001) and autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms (P< 0.001) in children with 22q11.2DS. Furthermore, 100% of children with 22q11.2DS and ADHD had indicative DCD (20 of 20), as did 90% of children with anxiety disorder (17 of 19) and 96% of children who screened positive for ASD (22 of 23). The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire score was related to sustained attention (P= 0.006), even after history of epileptic fits (P= 0.006) and heart problems (P= 0.009) was taken into account.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the high risk of coordination difficulties in children with 22q11.2DS and its association with risk of mental disorder and specific neurocognitive deficits.Declaration of interestNone.

Tourette and Learning Impairments

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Eric Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
School Learning ◽  
Coordination Disorder ◽  
Tourette Disorder

This chapter describes disorders of motor control, language, and learning. Tics are sudden, stereotyped, repetitive, unwanted movements, and a severe form is called Tourette disorder. Their strong association with obsessional disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is described. Developmental coordination disorder is a group of problems suggesting immaturity in control, both of fine adjustments and of large movements of the limbs. Impairments of language development include receptive, expressive, and pragmatic problems, and can extend to signed language. Problems in learning to read and write and acquire other skills needed for school learning are very frequent in the population. Neuropsychological formulations have been influential in guiding policy and practice in schools. Generalized learning difficulties are conceptualized as intellectual disability.

scholarly journals Motor Abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Associated With Regional Grey Matter Volumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Albajara Sáenz ◽  
Thomas Villemonteix ◽  
Peter Van Schuerbeek ◽  
Simon Baijot ◽  
Mathilde Septier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are associated with motor impairments, with some children holding a comorbid diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). However, DCD is underdiagnosed in these populations and the volume abnormalities that contribute to explaining these motor impairments are poorly understood. In this study, motor abilities as measured by the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) were compared between children with ADHD, children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children, aged 8–12 years old. Additionally, the association between the DCDQ scores (general coordination, fine motor/handwriting, control during movement, total) and regional volume abnormalities were explored in 6 regions of interest (pre-central gyrus, post-central gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus), within each group and across all participants. Children with ASD and children with ADHD showed impaired motor abilities in all the DCDQ-derived scores compared to TD children. Additionally, most children with ASD or ADHD had an indication or suspicion of DCD. Within the ASD group, coordination abilities were associated with the volume of the right medial frontal gyrus, and within the ADHD group, the total DCDQ score was associated with the volume of the right superior frontal gyrus. This study underlines the importance of routinely checking motor abilities in populations with ASD or ADHD in clinical practise and contributes to the understanding of structural abnormalities subtending motor impairments in these disorders.

People with personality disorders and developmental conditions on an inpatient ward

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Steve Pearce ◽  
Gail Critchlow
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews research and expert guidelines on inpatient management of personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It covers use of medication, milieu approaches, other psychosocial interventions, the impact of the ward environment, quality assurance mechanisms, and the impact of institutionalization. Ways in which formal therapeutic approaches can be implemented on inpatient wards are also addressed. The effect of risky and challenging behaviours on defensive practice and staff burnout is covered, and detailed advice on managing suicidal and high-risk patients who are difficult to discharge safely is included. The chapter details specific approaches to milieu management, use of observations, personalized care plans, and communication styles in borderline personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patients with these diagnoses constitute an important group of inpatients, and with careful management, iatrogenic harms can be avoided.

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