scholarly journals Motor Abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Associated With Regional Grey Matter Volumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Albajara Sáenz ◽  
Thomas Villemonteix ◽  
Peter Van Schuerbeek ◽  
Simon Baijot ◽  
Mathilde Septier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are associated with motor impairments, with some children holding a comorbid diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). However, DCD is underdiagnosed in these populations and the volume abnormalities that contribute to explaining these motor impairments are poorly understood. In this study, motor abilities as measured by the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) were compared between children with ADHD, children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children, aged 8–12 years old. Additionally, the association between the DCDQ scores (general coordination, fine motor/handwriting, control during movement, total) and regional volume abnormalities were explored in 6 regions of interest (pre-central gyrus, post-central gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus), within each group and across all participants. Children with ASD and children with ADHD showed impaired motor abilities in all the DCDQ-derived scores compared to TD children. Additionally, most children with ASD or ADHD had an indication or suspicion of DCD. Within the ASD group, coordination abilities were associated with the volume of the right medial frontal gyrus, and within the ADHD group, the total DCDQ score was associated with the volume of the right superior frontal gyrus. This study underlines the importance of routinely checking motor abilities in populations with ASD or ADHD in clinical practise and contributes to the understanding of structural abnormalities subtending motor impairments in these disorders.

scholarly journals Is Motor Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder Distinct From Developmental Coordination Disorder? A Report From the SPARK Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Narayan Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Abstract Background Motor impairments are pervasive in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); however, children with ASD rarely receive a dual diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The Simons Foundation SPARK study engaged families affected by ASD through an online study. Objectives The DCD parent questionnaire (DCDQ) was used to assess the prevalence of a risk for motor impairment or DCD in children with ASD between 5 and 15 years of age. Design This study utilizes parent reports from a large database of children with ASD. Methods A total of 16,705 parents of children with ASD completed the DCDQ. We obtained our final SPARK dataset (n = 11,814) after filtering out invalid data, using stronger cut-offs to confirm ASD traits, and excluding children with general neuromotor impairments/intellectual delays. We compared DCDQ total and subscale scores from the SPARK dataset with published norms for each age between 5 and 15 years. Results The proportion of children with ASD at risk for a motor impairment was very high at 86.9%. Children with ASD did not outgrow their motor impairments and continued to present with a risk for DCD even into adolescence. Yet, only 31.6% of children were receiving physical therapy services. Limitations Our analysis of a large database of parent-reported outcomes using the DCDQ did not involve follow-up clinical assessments. Conclusions Using a large sample of children with ASD, this study shows that a risk for motor impairment or DCD was present in most children with ASD and persists into adolescence; however, only a small proportion of children with ASD were receiving physical therapist interventions. A diagnosis of ASD must trigger motor screening, evaluations, and appropriate interventions by physical and occupational therapists to address the functional impairments of children with ASD while also positively impacting their social communication, cognition, and behavior. Using valid motor measures, future research must determine if motor impairment is a fundamental feature of ASD.

scholarly journals Generalised joint hypermobility and neurodevelopmental traits in a non-clinical adult population

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Glans ◽  
Susanne Bejerot ◽  
Mats B. Humble
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Coordination Disorder ◽  
Clinical Populations ◽  
Clinical Cases

BackgroundGeneralised joint hypermobility (GJH) is reportedly overrepresented among clinical cases of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It is unknown if these associations are dimensional and, therefore, also relevant among non-clinical populations.AimsTo investigate if GJH correlates with sub-syndromal neurodevelopmental symptoms in a normal population.MethodHakim-Grahame's 5-part questionnaire (5PQ) on GJH, neuropsychiatric screening scales measuring ADHD and ASD traits, and a DCD-related question concerning clumsiness were distributed to a non-clinical, adult, Swedish population (n=1039).ResultsIn total, 887 individuals met our entry criteria. We found no associations between GJH and sub-syndromal symptoms of ADHD, ASD or DCD.ConclusionsAlthough GJH is overrepresented in clinical cases with neurodevelopmental disorders, such an association seems absent in a normal population. Thus, if GJH serves as a biomarker cutting across diagnostic boundaries, this association is presumably limited to clinical populations.

scholarly journals Developmental coordination disorder, psychopathology and IQ in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Cunningham ◽  
Sue Delport ◽  
Wendy Cumines ◽  
Monica Busse ◽  
David E. J. Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with high rates of neurodevelopmental disorder, however, the links between developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual function and psychiatric disorder remain unexplored.AimsTo establish the prevalence of indicative DCD in children with 22q11.2DS and examine associations with IQ, neurocognition and psychopathology.MethodNeurocognitive assessments and psychiatric interviews of 70 children with 22q11.2DS (mean age 11.2, s.d. = 2.2) and 32 control siblings (mean age 11.5, s.d. = 2.1) were carried out in their homes. Nine children with 22q11.2DS and indicative DCD were subsequently assessed in an occupational therapy clinic.ResultsIndicative DCD was found in 57 (81.4%) children with 22q11.2DS compared with 2 (6.3%) control siblings (odds ratio (OR) = 36.7,P< 0.001). Eight of nine (89%) children with indicative DCD met DSM-5 criteria for DCD. Poorer coordination was associated with increased numbers of anxiety, (P< 0.001), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (P< 0.001) and autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms (P< 0.001) in children with 22q11.2DS. Furthermore, 100% of children with 22q11.2DS and ADHD had indicative DCD (20 of 20), as did 90% of children with anxiety disorder (17 of 19) and 96% of children who screened positive for ASD (22 of 23). The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire score was related to sustained attention (P= 0.006), even after history of epileptic fits (P= 0.006) and heart problems (P= 0.009) was taken into account.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the high risk of coordination difficulties in children with 22q11.2DS and its association with risk of mental disorder and specific neurocognitive deficits.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Disorder-specific brain volumetric abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder relative to Autism Spectrum Disorder

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241856
Author(s):  
Ariadna Albajara Sáenz ◽  
Peter Van Schuerbeek ◽  
Simon Baijot ◽  
Mathilde Septier ◽  
Nicolas Deconinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Neurocognitive Profiles

The overlap/distinctiveness between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been increasingly investigated in recent years, particularly since the DSM-5 allows the dual diagnosis of ASD and ADHD, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. Although both disorders are associated with brain volumetric abnormalities, it is necessary to unfold the shared and specific volume abnormalities that could contribute to explain the similarities and differences in the clinical and neurocognitive profiles between ADHD and ASD. In this voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study, regional grey matter volumes (GMV) were compared between 22 children with ADHD, 18 children with ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) children aged 8 to 12 years old, controlling for age and total intracranial volume. When compared to TD children or children with ASD, children with ADHD had a larger left precuneus, and a smaller right thalamus, suggesting that these brain abnormalities are specific to ADHD relative to ASD. Overall, this study contributes to the delineation of disorder-specific structural abnormalities in ADHD and ASD.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Research on Movement Skill Performance and Physical Fitness

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Harvey ◽  
Greg Reid
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Coordination Disorder

The purpose of this study was to present a comprehensive review of research on the movement performance and physical fitness of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and offer research recommendations. Movement behaviors of children with ADHD were described on the basis of 49 empirical studies published between 1949 and 2002. Major results indicated that (a) children with ADHD are at risk for movement skill difficulties, (b) children with ADHD are at risk for poor levels of physical fitness, (c) comorbidity may exist between ADHD and developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and (d) few interventions have focused on movement performance and physical fitness of children with ADHD. Numerous reference citations for seminal review articles on ADHD are provided so that potential researchers or program planners might enter the vast ADHD literature with some ease.

scholarly journals Caregivers’ Burden of School-Aged Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Implications for Family-Centred Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Giulia Purpura ◽  
Luca Tagliabue ◽  
Stefania Petri ◽  
Francesco Cerroni ◽  
Andrea Mazzarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Burden Scale ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders play a central role during the rehabilitation and education processes, but they have an increasing risk of psychosocial problems even if the literature is not so agreed upon the specific and predisposing factors to that. The aim of this study was to examine possibly differences of burden levels in an Italian sample of principal caregivers of children with different kinds of neurodevelopmental disorders and to investigate the possible links between some clinical and sociodemographic variables and the levels of caregiver’s burden. 105 caregivers of school-aged children with neurodevelopmental disorders were included in the study and completed three online questionnaires (General Questionnaire, Caregiver Burden Inventory, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale). Results highlighted that about the half of caregivers show from moderate to high levels of stress, but parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability show greater difficulties than parents of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Language and/or Learning Disorder, and Developmental Coordination Disorder. Moreover, it was evident a negative correlation between the burden levels and the age of children, but also a direct correlation between the burden levels and the weekly hours of rehabilitation. These findings show that severity of caregiver’s burden is dependent by the type of neurodevelopmental disorder and suggest that an ecological and family-centred approach is necessary to guarantee the life health developmental course of these children.

scholarly journals Why Bother About Clumsiness? The Implications of Having Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gillberg ◽  
Björn Kadesjö
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
High Rate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Child Syndrome ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common motor problem affecting—even in rather severe form—several percent of school age children. In the past, DCD has usually been called ‘clumsy child syndrome’ or ‘non-cerebralpalsy motor-perception dysfunction’. This disorder is more common in boys than in girls and is very often associated with psychopathology, particularly with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders/ autistic-type problems. Conversely, children with ADHD and autism spectrum problems, particularly those given a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, have a very high rate of comorbid DCD. Psychiatrists appear to be unaware of this type of comorbidity in their young patients. Neurologists, on the other hand, usually pay little attention to the striking behavioral and emotional problems shown by so many of their ‘clumsy’ patients. A need exists for a much clearer focus on DCD—in child psychiatry and in child neurology—both in research and in clinical practice.

scholarly journals A Review of Functional and Structural Neurobiology of the Action Observation Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kilroy ◽  
Sharon A. Cermak ◽  
Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Action Observation Network ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Recent research has reported motor impairment similarities between children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and a subgroup of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is a debate as to whether DCD is a co-occurring diagnosis in individuals with ASD and motor impairments (ASDd), or if motor impairments in ASD are distinct from DCD. However, the etiology of motor impairments is not well understood in either disorder. Clarifying comorbidities in ASD is important to determine different etiopathological phenotyping clusters in ASD and to understand the variety of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the disorder. Furthermore, this distinction has important therapeutic relevance. Here we explore the current neuroimaging findings in ASD and DCD and discusses possible neural mechanisms that underlie similarities and differences between the disorders.

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