scholarly journals Familial, Social, and Individual Factors Contributing to Risk for Adolescent Substance Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Whitesell ◽  
Annette Bachand ◽  
Jennifer Peel ◽  
Mark Brown
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control And Prevention

Data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveal high numbers of adolescent substance use in the United States. Substance use among adolescents can lead to increased risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections, vehicular fatalities, juvenile delinquency, and other problems associated with physical and mental health. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to involvement in substance use due to the underdeveloped state of the adolescent brain, which can lead to reduced decision-making ability and increased long-term effects of drugs and alcohol. Understanding the causes of adolescent substance use is vital for successful prevention and intervention programs.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional assessment of the long term effects of brief strategic family therapy for adolescent substance use

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana E. Horigian ◽  
Daniel J. Feaster ◽  
Michael S. Robbins ◽  
Ahnalee M. Brincks ◽  
Jessica Ucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family Therapy ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Strategic Family Therapy ◽  
Brief Strategic Family Therapy

scholarly journals Discrepancies in Written Versus Calculated Durations in Opioid Prescriptions: Pre-Post Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H Slovis ◽  
John Kairys ◽  
Bracken Babula ◽  
Melanie Girondo ◽  
Cara Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Record System ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Opioid Medications

BACKGROUND The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. Long-term use of opioid medications is associated with an increased risk of dependence. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention makes specific recommendations regarding opioid prescribing, including that prescription quantities should not exceed the intended duration of treatment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if opioid prescription quantities written at our institution exceed intended duration of treatment and whether enhancements to our electronic health record system improved any discrepancies. METHODS We examined the opioid prescriptions written at our institution for a 22-month period. We examined the duration of treatment documented in the prescription itself and calculated a duration based on the quantity of tablets and doses per day. We determined whether requiring documentation of the prescription duration affected these outcomes. RESULTS We reviewed 72,314 opioid prescriptions, of which 16.96% had a calculated duration that was greater than what was documented in the prescription. Making the duration a required field significantly reduced this discrepancy (17.95% vs 16.21%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) but did not eliminate it. CONCLUSIONS Health information technology vendors should develop tools that, by default, accurately represent prescription durations and/or modify doses and quantities dispensed based on provider-entered durations. This would potentially reduce unintended prolonged opioid use and reduce the potential for long-term dependence.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Use of Monetary Incentive in Text-Delivered Sexually Transmitted Infection Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Haley Franklin Townsend ◽  
Paige Johnson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public University ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
College Females ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control And Prevention

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported increases in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis from 2016 to 2017 despite numerous testing and education programs. In addition, young adults are at an increased risk of STIs.Aim: To describe the effectiveness of monetary incentives provided to college females for engaging with automated mobile messaging delivered education over the course of six weeks concerning sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted at a large Southeastern, public university in the United States. One hundred and fifty-six female college students (18-24 years in age) participated in a mobile messaging and marketing automation platform delivered once a week for six weeks. Engagement with weekly education was measured by clicks on educational content.Results: Out of the six messages, χ2 analysis revealed that paid participants were more likely to engage with the STI education in weeks two, four, five, and six. In this study, simple linear regression ANOVA confirmed that compensation was the main extrinsic motivator for engagement rather than other factors, such as the delivery method.Conclusions: Monetary incentive can increase engagement with STI education in college females while mobile messaging also has the potential.

scholarly journals The Promise and Challenges of Intensive Repeated Measures for Cognitive Neuroscience Models of Adolescent Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lydon-Staley ◽  
Danielle S Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Increased Risk

Developmental cognitive neuroscience models attribute the increasing engagement insubstance use during adolescence to within-person changes in the functional balancebetween the neural systems underlying incentive processing and cognitive control. Inreviewing existing evidence for these models, we find that the evidence is suggestive,with adolescents high in sensation-seeking and low in impulse control, for example,being at increased risk for substance use. However, the experimental designs and analytictechniques used to date do not lend themselves to explicit tests of how within-personchange and within-person variability in incentive processing and cognitive control placeindividual adolescents at risk for substance use. For a more complete articulation of thesemodels, we highlight the promise and challenges of using intensive repeated measuresdata (encompassing 5 or more within-person measurement occasions) and associatedanalytic techniques. Use of intensive repeated measures will lend researchers the toolsrequired to make within-person inferences in individual adolescents that will ultimatelyalign cognitive neuroscience modes of adolescent substance use with the methodologicalframeworks used to test them.

scholarly journals Discrepancies in Written Versus Calculated Durations in Opioid Prescriptions: Pre-Post Study

10.2196/16199 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e16199
Author(s):  
Benjamin H Slovis ◽  
John Kairys ◽  
Bracken Babula ◽  
Melanie Girondo ◽  
Cara Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Record System ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Opioid Medications

Background The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. Long-term use of opioid medications is associated with an increased risk of dependence. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention makes specific recommendations regarding opioid prescribing, including that prescription quantities should not exceed the intended duration of treatment. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if opioid prescription quantities written at our institution exceed intended duration of treatment and whether enhancements to our electronic health record system improved any discrepancies. Methods We examined the opioid prescriptions written at our institution for a 22-month period. We examined the duration of treatment documented in the prescription itself and calculated a duration based on the quantity of tablets and doses per day. We determined whether requiring documentation of the prescription duration affected these outcomes. Results We reviewed 72,314 opioid prescriptions, of which 16.96% had a calculated duration that was greater than what was documented in the prescription. Making the duration a required field significantly reduced this discrepancy (17.95% vs 16.21%, P<.001) but did not eliminate it. Conclusions Health information technology vendors should develop tools that, by default, accurately represent prescription durations and/or modify doses and quantities dispensed based on provider-entered durations. This would potentially reduce unintended prolonged opioid use and reduce the potential for long-term dependence.

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