Stem Cell Therapy in Bladder Dysfunction: Where Are We? And Where Do We Have to Go?

To date, stem cell therapy for the bladder has been conducted mainly on an experimental basis in the areas of bladder dysfunction. The therapeutic efficacy of stem cells was originally thought to be derived from their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Studies about stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction have been limited to an experimental basis and have been less focused than bladder regeneration. Bladder dysfunction was listed in MESH as “urinary bladder neck obstruction”, “urinary bladder, overactive”, and “urinary bladder, neurogenic”. Using those keywords, several articles were searched and studied. The bladder dysfunction model includes bladder outlet obstruction, cryoinjured, diabetes, ischemia, and spinal cord injury. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), and skeletal muscle derived stem cells (SkMSCs) are used for transplantation to treat bladder dysfunction. The main mechanisms of stem cells to reconstitute or restore bladder dysfunction are migration, differentiation, and paracrine effects. The aim of this study is to review the stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction and to provide the status of stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction.

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Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury: In Vivo and Postmortem Tracking of Bone Marrow Mononuclear or Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports ◽

10.1007/s12015-012-9376-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 953-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mevci Ozdemir ◽

Ayhan Attar ◽

Isinsu Kuzu ◽

Murat Ayten ◽

Enver Ozgencil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Cord Injury

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The use of hydrogels for cell-based treatment of chronic kidney disease

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20180434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (17) ◽

pp. 1977-1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Meg L. McFetridge ◽

Mark P. Del Borgo ◽

Marie-Isabel Aguilar ◽

Sharon D. Ricardo

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Delivery System ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Health Concern ◽

Paracrine Effects

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major and growing public health concern with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. The therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) holds great promise for treatment of CKD. However, there are significant bottlenecks in the clinical translation due to the reduced number of transplanted cells and the duration of their presence at the site of tissue damage. Bioengineered hydrogels may provide a route of cell delivery to enhance treatment efficacy and optimise the targeting effectiveness while minimising any loss of cell function. In this review, we highlight the advances in stem cell therapy targeting kidney disease and discuss the emerging role of hydrogel delivery systems to fully realise the potential of adult stem cells as a regenerative therapy for CKD in humans. MSCs and EPCs mediate kidney repair through distinct paracrine effects. As a delivery system, hydrogels can prolong these paracrine effects by improving retention at the site of injury and protecting the transplanted cells from the harsh inflammatory microenvironment. We also discuss the features of a hydrogel, which may be tuned to optimise the therapeutic potential of encapsulated stem cells, including cell-adhesive epitopes, material stiffness, nanotopography, modes of gelation and degradation and the inclusion of bioactive molecules. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges to be met for the widespread clinical use of hydrogel delivery system of stem cell therapy for CKD.

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Improved stem cell therapy of spinal cord injury using GDNF-overexpressed bone marrow stem cells in a rat model

Biologicals ◽

10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.08.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 73-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mostafa Shahrezaie ◽

Reyhaneh Nassiri Mansour ◽

Bahare Nazari ◽

Hadi Hassannia ◽

Fatemeh Hosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Rat Model ◽

Bone Marrow Stem Cells ◽

Cord Injury

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Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: The use of oligodendrocytes and motor neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells

Translational Research in Anatomy ◽

10.1016/j.tria.2015.10.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nimer Adeeb ◽

Aman Deep ◽

Nicole Hose ◽

Mona Rezaei ◽

Salman Abbasi Fard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Motor Neurons ◽

Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Cord Injury

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Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/0963689721989266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 096368972198926

Author(s):

Liyi Huang ◽

Chenying Fu ◽

Feng Xiong ◽

Chengqi He ◽

Quan Wei

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cord Injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in direct and indirect damage to neural tissues, which results in motor and sensory dysfunction, dystonia, and pathological reflex that ultimately lead to paraplegia or tetraplegia. A loss of cells, axon regeneration failure, and time-sensitive pathophysiology make tissue repair difficult. Despite various medical developments, there are currently no effective regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for SCI due to its multiple targets and reactivity benefits. The present review focuses on SCI stem cell therapy, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. Each cell type targets certain features of SCI pathology and shows therapeutic effects via cell replacement, nutritional support, scaffolds, and immunomodulation mechanisms. However, many preclinical studies and a growing number of clinical trials found that single-cell treatments had only limited benefits for SCI. SCI damage is multifaceted, and there is a growing consensus that a combined treatment is needed.

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Stem cell therapy- An update

University Heart Journal ◽

10.3329/uhj.v4i2.2076 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 46-48

Author(s):

Fazlur Rahman ◽

Bikash Subedi ◽

Anisul Awal ◽

KMHS Sirajul Haque ◽

Md Abu Siddique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Culture Media ◽

Special Functions ◽

Adult Stem Cell ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Skin Replacement

Stem cells are one of the most fascinating areas of biology today. Stem cells have two important characteristics that distinguish them from other types of cells. First, they are unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods through cell division. The second is that under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become cells with special functions. Stem cells can be obtained from several sources including spare embryos, special purposes embryos, aborted fetus, umbilical cords, adult tissue or organs, cadavers. The procedure of adult stem cell therapy involves several steps including extraction of cells from various sources, separation by surface markers using FACS, growth in specific culture media and injection into target organs. This modern aspect of regenerative or reparative medicine can be applied for cardiac diseases (coronary artery diseases, heart failure, non ischaemic cardiomyopathies), skin replacement, Diabetes, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative disease like Parkinsonism, stroke. In future, it may become possible the use of stem cells in organ transplantation. Â Â doi:10.3329/uhj.v4i2.2076 University Heart Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 July 2008 p.46-48

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Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics and Trauma: Challenges, Regulation and Ethical Issues

Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.0764 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Radoslav Zamborsky ◽

Miroslav Kilian ◽

Maria Csobonyeiova ◽

Lubos Danisovic

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Cell Types ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Critical Bone Defects

The ability of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into cell types of different lineages forms the basis of regenerative medicine, which focuses on repairing or regenerating damaged or diseased tissues. This has a huge potential to revolutionize medicine. It is anticipated that in future, stem cell therapy will be able to restore function in all major organs. Intensive research has been on-going to bring stem cell therapy from bench to bedside as it holds promise of widespread applications in different areas of medicine. This is also applicable to orthopaedics, where stem cell transplantation could benefit complications like spinal cord injury, critical bone defects, cartilage repair or degenerative disc disorders. Stem cell therapy has a potential to change the field of orthopaedics from surgical replacements and reconstructions to a field of regeneration and prevention. This article summarizes advances in stem cell applications in orthopaedics as well as discussing regulation and ethical issues related to the use of stem cells.

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Current and Future Directions of Stem Cell Therapy for Bladder Dysfunction

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports ◽

10.1007/s12015-019-09922-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 82-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jung Hyun Shin ◽

Chae-Min Ryu ◽

Hwan Yeul Yu ◽

Dong-Myung Shin ◽

Myung-Soo Choo

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Bladder Dysfunction ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Detrusor Underactivity ◽

Future Directions

AbstractStem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into a range of cell types and promote the release of chemokines and progenitor cells necessary for tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent progenitor cells with enhanced proliferation and differentiation capabilities and less tumorigenicity than conventional adult stem cells; these cells are also easier to acquire. Bladder dysfunction is often chronic in nature with limited treatment modalities due to its undetermined pathophysiology. Most treatments focus on symptom alleviation rather than pathognomonic changes repair. The potential of stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction has been reported in preclinical models for stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, detrusor underactivity, and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Despite these findings, however, stem cell therapy is not yet available for clinical use. Only one pilot study on detrusor underactivity and a handful of clinical trials on stress urinary incontinence have reported the effects of stem cell treatment. This limitation may be due to stem cell function loss following ex vivo expansion, poor in vivo engraftment or survival after transplantation, or a lack of understanding of the precise mechanisms of action underlying therapeutic outcomes and in vivo behavior of stem cells administered to target organs. Efficacy comparisons with existing treatment modalities are also needed for the successful clinical application of stem cell therapies. This review describes the current status of stem cell research on treating bladder dysfunction and suggests future directions to facilitate clinical applications of this promising treatment modality, particularly for bladder dysfunction.

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