The promises of stem cells: stem cell therapy for movement disorders

Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.

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Stem cells in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. Part I

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2011-2-122-128 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. S. Zhukova ◽

I. I. Staroverov

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Myocardial Damage ◽

Cellular Cardiomyoplasty ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Death Causes

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading death causes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The modern methods of reperfusion MI therapy, such as thrombolysis, surgery and balloon revascularization, even when performed early, could fail to prevent the development of large myocardial damage zones, followed by HF. Therefore, the researches have been searching for the methods which improve functional status of damaged myocardium. This review is focused on stem cell therapy, a method aimed at cardiac function restoration. The results of experimental and clinical studies on stem cell therapy in coronary heart disease are presented. Various types of stem cells, used for cellular cardiomyoplasty, are characterised. The methods of cell transplantation into myocardium and potential adverse effects of stem cell therapy are discussed.

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Intestinal myofibroblasts: targets for stem cell therapy

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00474.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 300 (5) ◽

pp. G684-G696 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

R. C. Mifflin ◽

I. V. Pinchuk ◽

J. I. Saada ◽

D. W. Powell

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Mesenchymal Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Intestinal Lamina Propria

The subepithelial intestinal myofibroblast is an important cell orchestrating many diverse functions in the intestine and is involved in growth and repair, tumorigenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The myofibroblast is but one of several α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA+) mesenchymal cells present within the intestinal lamina propria, including vascular pericytes, bone marrow-derived stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells or hematopoietic stem cells), muscularis mucosae, and the lymphatic pericytes (colon) and organized smooth muscle (small intestine) associated with the lymphatic lacteals. These other mesenchymal cells perform many of the functions previously attributed to subepithelial myofibroblasts. This review discusses the definition of a myofibroblast and reconsiders whether the α-SMA+ subepithelial cells in the intestine are myofibroblasts or other types of mesenchymal cells, i.e., pericytes. Current information about specific, or not so specific, molecular markers of lamina propria mesenchymal cells is reviewed, as well as the origins of intestinal myofibroblasts and pericytes in the intestinal lamina propria and their replenishment after injury. Current concepts and research on stem cell therapy for intestinal inflammation are summarized. Information about the stem cell origin of intestinal stromal cells may inform future stem cell therapies to treat human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Disorders - A broad Overview

Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-385x-3(6)-089 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fariha Khaliq

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Different Types ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell therapy is an approach to use cells that have the ability of self-renewal and to differentiate into different types of functional cells that are obtained from embryo and other postnatal sources to treat multiple disorders. These cells can be differentiated into different types of stem cells based on their specific characteristics to be totipotent, unipotent, multipotent or pluripotent. As potential therapy, pluripotent stem cells are considered to be the most interesting as they can be differentiated into different type of cells with similar characteristics as embryonic stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are adult cells that are reprogrammed genetically into stem cells from human fibroblasts through expressing genes and transcription factors at different time intervals. In this review, we will discuss the applications of stem cell therapy using iPSCs technology in treating neurodegenerative disorder such that Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We have also broadly highlighted the significance of pluripotent stem cells in stem cell therapy.

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Abstract TP401: Inflated Expectations about Stem Cell Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.atp401 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jinho Lee ◽

Kyu-Yong Lee ◽

Young-Seo Kim ◽

Hyun Young Kim ◽

Hyuk Sung Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Media Channels ◽

Source Of Information

Introduction: Stem cell therapy (SCT) has been proposed for the treatment of neurological disorders. Although there isinsufficient clinical evidence to support its efficacy, unproven SCTs are being performed worldwide. Hypothesis: In this study, we investigated the perspectives and expectations of chronic ischemic stroke patients and physicians about SCTs. Methods: A total of 250 chronic ischemic stroke patients were interviewed at 4 hospitals. Structured open and closed questions about SCT for chronic stroke were asked by trained interviewers using the conventional in-person method. In addition, 250 stroke-related physicians were randomly interviewed via an e-mail questionnaire. Results: Of the 250 patients (mean 63 years, 70% male), 121 (46%) responded that they wanted to receive SCT in spite of its unknown side effects. Around 60% of the patients anticipated physical, emotional, and psychological improvement after SCT, and 158 (63%) believed that SCT might prevent strokes. However, physicians had much lower expectations about the effectiveness of SCTs, which was not in line with patient expectations. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.10-3.64), longer disease duration (OR: 1.01, 95% CI:1.00-1.02), higher modified Rankin Scale score (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.60), and familiarity with stem cells (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.10-3.15) were independently associated with wanting SCT. The major source of information about SCT was television (68%), and the most reliable source was physicians (49%). Conclusion: Patients have unfounded expectations that SCT will improve their functioning. Considering our finding that the major source of information on stem cells is media channels but not the physician, to decrease patients’ inappropriate exposure, doctors should make more effort to educate patients using mass media with accurate information.

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Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Reparative Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Myocardial Infarction Treatment

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy ◽

10.4172/2157-7013.1000167 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Jonghoon Choi

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy

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Improvement of systemic lupus erythematosus in dogs with canine adipose-derived stem cells

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/46/2019-vetmed ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 462-466

Author(s):

M Ko ◽

TH Kim ◽

Y Kim ◽

D Kim ◽

JO Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Hind Limbs ◽

Life Threatening

A 6-year-old, intact female, Maltese presented with limited movement of the hind limbs and intermittent pruritus for three months. The patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Conventional immunosuppressive therapy was attempted for 70 days; however, the patient still suffered from life-threatening pancreatitis and hepatopathy. Therefore, we tried canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for immunomodulation and liver protection. After 6-months of the stem cell therapy, the patient’s walking and hepatopathy improved. These findings indicate that stem cell therapy may be another option for systemic lupus erythematosus in dogs.

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Regenerative Cardiovascular Therapies: Stem Cells and Beyond

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20061420 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1420 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Bernhard Wernly ◽

Moritz Mirna ◽

Richard Rezar ◽

Christine Prodinger ◽

Christian Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Basic Science ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cell Processing

Although reperfusion therapy has improved outcomes, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still associated with both significant mortality and morbidity. Once irreversible myocardial cell death due to ischemia and reperfusion sets in, scarring leads to reduction in left ventricular function and subsequent heart failure. Regenerative cardiovascular medicine experienced a boost in the early 2000s when regenerative effects of bone marrow stem cells in a murine model of AMI were described. Translation from an animal model to stem cell application in a clinical setting was rapid and the first large trials in humans suffering from AMI were conducted. However, high initial hopes were early shattered by inconsistent results of randomized clinical trials in patients suffering from AMI treated with stem cells. Hence, we provide an overview of both basic science and clinical trials carried out in regenerative cardiovascular therapies. Possible pitfalls in specific cell processing techniques and trial design are discussed as these factors influence both basic science and clinical outcomes. We address possible solutions. Alternative mechanisms and explanations for effects seen in both basic science and some clinical trials are discussed here, with special emphasis on paracrine mechanisms via growth factors, exosomes, and microRNAs. Based on these findings, we propose an outlook in which stem cell therapy, or therapeutic effects associated with stem cell therapy, such as paracrine mechanisms, might play an important role in the future. Optimizing stem cell processing and a better understanding of paracrine signaling as well as its effect on cardioprotection and remodeling after AMI might improve not only AMI research, but also our patients’ outcomes.

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An overview of stem cell therapy for paediatric heart failure

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/ejcts/ezaa155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 881-887

Author(s):

Shuta Ishigami ◽

Toshikazu Sano ◽

Sunaya Krishnapura ◽

Tatsuo Ito ◽

Shunji Sano

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Medical Community ◽

Circulatory Support ◽

Persistent Problem ◽

Regenerative Therapies

Abstract Significant achievements in paediatric cardiology, surgical treatment and intensive care of congenital heart disease have drastically changed clinical outcomes for paediatric patients. Nevertheless, late-onset heart failure in children after staged surgeries still remains a serious concern in the medical community. Heart transplantation is an option for treatment; however, the shortage of available organs is a persistent problem in many developed countries. In order to resolve these issues, advanced technologies, such as innovative mechanical circulatory support devices and regenerative therapies, are strongly desired. Accumulated evidence regarding cell-based cardiac regenerative therapies has suggested their safety and efficacy in treating adult heart failure. Given that young children seem to have a higher regenerative capacity than adults, stem cell-based therapies appear a promising treatment option for paediatric heart failure as well. Based on the findings from past trials and studies, we present the potential of various different types of stem cells, ranging from bone marrow mononuclear cells to cardiosphere-derived stem cells for use in paediatric cell-based therapies. Here, we assess both the current challenges associated with cell-based therapies and novel strategies that may be implemented in the future to advance stem cell therapy in the paediatric population.

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