scholarly journals Nutrigenomics: Definitions and Advances of This New Science

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. R. Sales ◽  
P. B. Pelegrini ◽  
M. C. Goersch
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
World Population ◽  
New Science ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Human Genome Project

The search for knowledge regarding healthy/adequate food has increased in the last decades among the world population, researchers, nutritionists, and health professionals. Since ancient times, humans have known that environment and food can interfere with an individual’s health condition, and have used food and plants as medicines. With the advance of science, especially after the conclusion of the Human Genome Project (HGP), scientists started questioning if the interaction between genes and food bioactive compounds could positively or negatively influence an individual’s health. In order to assess this interaction between genes and nutrients, the term “Nutrigenomics” was created. Hence, Nutrigenomics corresponds to the use of biochemistry, physiology, nutrition, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics to seek and explain the existing reciprocal interactions between genes and nutrients at a molecular level. The discovery of these interactions (gene-nutrient) will aid the prescription of customized diets according to each individual’s genotype. Thus, it will be possible to mitigate the symptoms of existing diseases or to prevent future illnesses, especially in the area of Nontransmissible Chronic Diseases (NTCDs), which are currently considered an important world public health problem.

Genome and Epigenome

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Genome Project ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
New Science ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
The Human Genome Project

This chapter focuses on the role that genes play in the formation of human consciousness. While the genome has generally been defined as the sum of the genes in an organism, the more we study real genomes, the more we realise that viewing them in this way is a major oversimplification of their true complexity. Perhaps the most surprising outcome of the Human Genome Project was the realization that genes only represent a small fraction of the total DNA sequence. More recently, evidence has been accumulating to show that a significant proportion of the ‘non-coding’ DNA plays key roles in gene regulation—that is, determining which genes get switched on or off and when. In addition, instead of DNA being seen as the sole controller of cellular function, there is now growing recognition that RNA also plays a key role. Meanwhile, the new science of ‘epigenetics’ is revealing that the DNA ‘recipe’ for each organism appears far more responsive to the environment than previously thought, both to changes in the cellular environment, and those outside the organism itself. These new ways of looking at the genome have important implications for the understanding of how the human brain works, and of some of the factors that might make it unique compared to those of other species.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Children’s Refractive Errors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Clara Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Cristina Andreu-Vázquez ◽  
Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Near Work ◽  
The Impact

Background: Myopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of myopia in children. Home confinement in Spain has increased these risk factors, so this study aims to investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the vision of school-aged children; Methods: A cross-sectional study in children between 5 and 7 years old that completed a visual screening and a questionnaire about their lifestyles at opticians in Spain in September and October of 2019 and 2020. Statistical analysis to compare lifestyles pre and post confinement, and vision in 2020 versus a similar cohort examined at the same opticians in 2019, was conducted; Results: Spanish children spent less time outdoors and more time doing near work in 2020 than in 2019 (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant decrease of the spherical equivalent (mean ± standard deviation; 0.66 ± 2.03 D in 2019 vs. 0.48 ± 1.81 D in 2020; p ≤ 0.001); Conclusions: Lifestyles of Spanish children changed during the home confinement at the beginning of 2020. Together with changes in their lifestyles, spherical equivalents have decreased, which implies higher figures of myopia for children aged between 5 and 7.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Research

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ryuji Hamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Human Genome Project ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
The Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003 by an international consortium, is considered one of the most important achievements for mankind in the 21st century [...]

The Human Genome Project

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
BELINDA J. F. ROSSITER ◽  
C THOMAS CASKEY
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Human Genome Project ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
The Human Genome Project
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