On the Significance of New Biochemical Markers for the Diagnosis of Premature Labour

Preterm labour is defined as a birth taking place between 22nd and 37th weeks of gestation. Despite numerous studies on the aetiology and pathogenesis of preterm labour, its very cause still remains unclear. The importance of the cytokines and acute inflammation in preterm labour aetiology is nowadays well-proven. However, chronic inflammation as an element of the pathogenesis of premature labour is still unclear. This paper presents a literature review on the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), negative soluble isoforms of RAGE, chemokine-stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and one of the adipokines, resistin, in the pathogenesis of preterm labour. We conclude that the chronic inflammatory response can play a much more important role in the pathogenesis of preterm delivery than the acute one.

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Journey to a Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Connection in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvbaha.120.315527 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Divya Roy ◽

Ravichandran Ramasamy ◽

Ann Marie Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Molecular Pattern ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products ◽

Molecular Patterns ◽

Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide and the pandemic has yet to wane. Despite its associated significant morbidity and mortality, there are no definitive cures and no fully preventative measures to combat SARS-CoV-2. Hence, the urgency to identify the pathobiological mechanisms underlying increased risk for and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is mounting. One contributing factor, the accumulation of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, is a leading trigger for the activation of nuclear factor-kB and the IRF (interferon regulatory factors), such as IRF7. Activation of these pathways, particularly in the lung and other organs, such as the heart, contributes to a burst of cytokine release, which predisposes to significant tissue damage, loss of function, and mortality. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) binds damage-associated molecular patterns is expressed in the lung and heart, and in priming organs, such as the blood vessels (in diabetes) and adipose tissue (in obesity), and transduces the pathological signals emitted by damage-associated molecular patterns. It is proposed that damage-associated molecular pattern-RAGE enrichment in these priming tissues, and in the lungs and heart during active infection, contributes to the widespread tissue damage induced by SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, the RAGE axis might play seminal roles in and be a target for therapeutic intervention in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Immunogene Zelltodmarker HMGB1 und sRAGE als neue prädiktive und prognostische Serum Biomarker bei Tumorerkrankungen/Immunogenic cell death markers HMGB1 and sRAGE as new predictive and prognostic serum biomarkers in cancer disease

LaboratoriumsMedizin ◽

10.1515/labmed-2013-0005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christin Wittwer ◽

Stefan Holdenrieder

Keyword(s):

High Mobility ◽

Serum Biomarkers ◽

Serum Biomarker ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Hmgb1 Protein ◽

Cancer Disease ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products ◽

Sind Eine ◽

Molecular Patterns

ZusammenfassungImmunogene Zelltodmarker sind eine inhomogene Gruppe von Molekülen, die während Zelltodprozessen wie Apoptose, Nekrose oder weiteren Formen freigesetzt werden. Je nach Zusammensetzung des extrazellulären Milieus können diese „Danger associated molecular patterns“ (DAMPs) wie das „High mobility group box 1“ (HMGB1) Protein das Immunsystem stimulierend oder inhibierend beeinflussen. Bei Tumorerkrankungen scheint eine kontinuierliche Freisetzung von HMGB1, u.a. über eine Vermittlung durch den zellulären Bindungspartner „Receptor of advanced glycation end products“ (RAGE), zu einer Förderung des Tumorwachstums zu führen, während die pulsatile Freisetzung während zytotoxischer Therapie zu einer verbesserten antitumorösen Immunantwort beitragen könnte. Lösliches RAGE (sRAGE) kann hingegen die Effekte von extrazellulärem HMGB1 abpuffern. In diesem Review werden die strukturellen und funktionalen Charakteristika dieser immunogenen Zelltodmarker sowie ihre Rolle in der Pathophysiologie von nicht-malignen und malignen Erkrankungen vorgestellt; sodann wird ihre Relevanz als Serum-Biomarker für die Diagnose, die Prognoseabschätzung, die Prädiktion und das Monitoring des Ansprechens einer zytotoxischen Therapie bei Tumorpatienten beleuchtet. Bei Patienten mit verschiedenen Tumorerkrankungen wurden im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen erhöhte Serumkonzentrationen von HMGB1 und niedrigere sRAGE-Werte gefunden. Zudem waren hohe HMGB1- und niedrige sRAGE-Serumwerte vor und während einer zytotoxischen Therapie mit einem unzureichenden Ansprechen auf die Behandlung und einem kürzeren Überleben assoziiert. Diese Ergebnisse weisen die immunogenen Zelltodmarker HMGB1 und sRAGE als neue, vielversprechende Biomarker zur Abschätzung der Prognose, Stratifikation der Patienten und zum Therapiemonitoring bei Tumorpatienten aus.

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Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Improves Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1 Activity in Model Diabetic Environments

Advances in Wound Care ◽

10.1089/wound.2015.0674 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 527-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melissa Przyborowski Olekson ◽

Renea A. Faulknor ◽

Henry C. Hsia ◽

Ann Marie Schmidt ◽

François Berthiaume

Keyword(s):

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Stromal Cell ◽

Soluble Receptor ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products ◽

Stromal Cell Derived Factor

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Pathophysiological Implication of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Fetal Membranes Rupture: RAGE and NLRP Inflammasome

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9091123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1123

Author(s):

Helena Choltus ◽

Marilyne Lavergne ◽

Coraline De Sousa Do Outeiro ◽

Karen Coste ◽

Corinne Belville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽

Pregnancy Complication ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Inflammatory Signaling ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

Molecular Patterns ◽

Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

Preterm prelabor ruptures of fetal membranes (pPROM) are a pregnancy complication responsible for 30% of all preterm births. This pathology currently appears more as a consequence of early and uncontrolled process runaway activation, which is usually implicated in the physiologic rupture at term: inflammation. This phenomenon can be septic but also sterile. In this latter case, the inflammation depends on some specific molecules called “alarmins” or “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs) that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to a microbial-free inflammatory response. Recent data clarify how this activation works and which receptor translates this inflammatory signaling into fetal membranes (FM) to manage a successful rupture after 37 weeks of gestation. In this context, this review focused on two PRRs: the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and the NLRP7 inflammasome.

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