scholarly journals Research on the Safety Audit Methods for Two-Lane Highway Based on HRV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan-dong Zhu ◽  
Ying-chih Lu ◽  
Cheng-hong Fu ◽  
Ting Xu
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Acceleration Rate ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Route Safety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speed Gradient

In order to explore stable route safety evaluation indicators, this study discusses the relationship between the heart rate variability (HRV) and other factors, such as design speed, operating speed, acceleration rate, and velocity gradient through a lot of experiments. The results show that operating speed coordination and velocity gradient (Gv) outperform others as road safety indicators. Speed coordination evaluation criteria:|ΔV85|≤10 km/h, good coordination; 10 km/h≤|ΔV85|≤ 20 km/h, general coordination, route indicators of adjacent sections should be adjusted, so that the speed difference is not more than 10 km/h;|ΔV85|≥20 km/h, poor speed coordination, it needs to readjust the design of the adjacent sections. Speed gradient evaluation criteria:Gv≤0.10, good road safety;0.10≤Gv<0.15, common road safety;Gv>0.15, poor road safety and the adjacent sections need to readjust. The conclusions provide the theoretical reference for highway safety evaluation.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Norway’s “Speak Out!” Road Safety Campaign: The Logic of Causal Inference in Road Safety Evaluation Studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Elvik
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Back Seat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

The effects on road safety of the “Speak out!” road safety campaign are evaluated. The campaign, which began in Sogn og Fjordane County in Norway in 1993, is targeted toward teenagers and calls on car passengers to act as back-seat drivers and “Speak out!” to drivers about unsafe driving. The campaign’s effects were evaluated by means of two before-and-after studies and and a multivariate Poisson regression analysis. The results of these evaluation studies were very similar. The number of teenagers 16 to 19 years old who were killed or injured was reduced by about 10 percent; the number of occupants in this age group who were killed or injured was reduced by about 15 percent; and the number of car passengers who were killed or injured was reduced by about 30 percent. The number of killed or injured car drivers 16 to 19 years old did not change. Only the reduction among car passengers was statistically significant at the 10 percent level. It is nevertheless concluded that the “Speak out!” campaign has probably been effective in reducing the number of teenagers killed or injured in Sogn og Fjordane. This conclusion is based on a careful discussion of the logic of causal inference in nonexperimental evaluation research. Seven criteria are proposed for attributing causality to the relationship between a measure and changes in the dependent variable that the measure is intended to influence. The majority of these criteria were met in evaluations of the “Speak out!” campaign.

Operating Speed on Crest Vertical Curves with Limited Stopping Sight Distance

2000 ◽  
Vol 1701 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Fambro ◽  
Kay Fitzpatrick ◽  
Charles W. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Operating Speed ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Geometric Data ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Horizontal and vertical elements of a highway are designed based on an assumed design speed. This concept was developed in the 1930s as a mechanism for designing rural alignments to permit most drivers to operate uniformly at their desired speed. In 1938, AASHO recognized that drivers select a speed influenced by the roadway environment instead of an assumed design speed. Recent research suggests that design speed is no longer the speed adopted by the faster group of drivers but that it has become a value used to establish the sharpness of horizontal and vertical design elements. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between design and operating speeds for crest vertical curves with limited sight distance. Geometric data and 3,500 paired speeds (speeds at control and crest sections) were collected at 36 sites in 3 states. The results indicated that both the 85th percentile and the mean operating speeds were well above the inferred design speeds of the crest vertical curves for the range of conditions studied and that the lower the design speed the larger the difference between the 85th percentile speed and the design speed. The mean reductions in speed between the control and crest sections tend to increase as available sight distance is decreased; however, the reduction in speed is less than that suggested by current AASHTO criteria.

scholarly journals New geometric design consistency model based on operating speed profiles for road safety evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Camacho-Torregrosa ◽  
Ana M. Pérez-Zuriaga ◽  
J. Manuel Campoy-Ungría ◽  
Alfredo García-García
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Consistency Model ◽  
Design Consistency

Design Speed and Operating Speed in Rural Highway Alignment Design

2000 ◽  
Vol 1701 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Krammes
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Rural Highway ◽  
Highway Alignment ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between design speeds and operating speeds on twolane rural highway alignments is evaluated. The current policy on design speed and its origins is described, and empirical evidence of disparities between design speeds and operating speeds are presented. U.S. policy on selecting and applying design speeds is critiqued, modifications to the design-speed concept in Australia and Europe are discussed, and possible revisions to U.S. policy on design speed are identified.

scholarly journals New Consistency Model Based on Inertial Operating Speed Profiles for Road Safety Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 04018006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Llopis-Castelló ◽  
Francesco Bella ◽  
Francisco Javier Camacho-Torregrosa ◽  
Alfredo García
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Consistency Model

scholarly journals Overtaking Safety Evaluation and Setting of Auxiliary Lane on Two-Lane Highway in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhu Cheng ◽  
Lixin Wu ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Lihui Qin ◽  
Yuxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Cauchy Distribution ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Overtaking experiments on four two-lane highways were conducted. The data of overtaking conflict time (the time difference between the time of driving back to the original lane and the time of meeting with the first opposing vehicle) and experimental drivers’ risk feeling were observed. Membership was adopted to denote the experimental drivers’ risk feelings which also denote the severity of traffic conflict. Membership ranges from 0 to 1 and corresponding risk becomes higher; that is, traffic conflict becomes more serious. According to the observed relationship between overtaking conflict time, and drivers’ risk feeling membership, Cauchy distribution function was adopted as membership function. The thresholds of the severity of traffic conflict were determined through Delphi method. The relationship model among traffic volume, overtaking conflict time and design speed was established according to experimental data. Then the idea of setting auxiliary lane on two-lane highway in China was presented. And the traffic volume values that need setting auxiliary lane corresponding to different design speed and traffic conflict degree were given according to the established model. It is expected to improve the traffic safety level of two-lane highway in China through setting auxiliary lane.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Attitudes, Risk Perceptions, Fatalistic Beliefs and Pedestrian Behaviors in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Mingyu Liu ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Adnan Yousaf ◽  
Linyang Wang ◽  
Kezhen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Safety Intervention ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Additional Variance

Road safety has become a worldwide public health concern. Although many factors contribute to collisions, pedestrian behaviors can strongly influence road safety outcomes. This paper presents results of a survey investigating the effects of age, gender, attitudes towards road safety, fatalistic beliefs and risk perceptions on self-reported pedestrian behaviors in a Chinese example. The study was carried out on 543 participants (229 men and 314 women) from 20 provinces across China. Pedestrian behaviors were assessed by four factors: errors, violations, aggressions, and lapses. Younger people reported performing riskier pedestrian behaviors compared to older people. Gender was not an influential factor. Of the factors explored, attitudes towards road safety explained the most amount of variance in self-reported behaviors. Significant additional variance in risky pedestrian behaviors was explained by the addition of fatalistic beliefs. The differences among the effects, and the implications for road safety intervention design, are discussed. In particular, traffic managers can provide road safety education and related training activities to influence pedestrian behaviors positively.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Operating Speed Continuous Predication Based on Alignment Space Comprehensive Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yan ◽  
Gengping Li ◽  
Jinjun Tang ◽  
Zhongyin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Lane Width

Operating speed is a critical indicator for road alignment consistency design and safety evaluation. Although extensive studies have been conducted on operating speed prediction, few models can finish practical continuous prediction at each point along alignment on multilane highways. This study proposes a novel method to estimate the operating speed for multilane highways in China from the aspect of the three-dimensional alignment combination. Operating speed data collected in field experiments on 304 different alignment combination sections are detected by means of Global Positioning System. First, the alignment comprehensive index (ACI) is designed and introduced to describe the function accounting for alignment continuity and driving safety. The variables used in ACI include horizontal curve radius, change rate of curvature, deflection angle of curve, grade, and lane width. Second, the influence range of front and rear alignment on speed is determined on the basis of drivers’ fixation range and dynamical properties of vehicles. Furthermore, a prediction model based on exponential relationships between road alignment and speeds is designed to predict the speed of passenger cars and trucks. Finally, three common criteria are utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the prediction models. The results indicate that the prediction models outperform the other two operating speed models for their higher prediction accuracy.

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