scholarly journals The Involvement of the Androgen Receptor in the Secretion of the Epididymalcorpusin the LizardPodarcis sicula

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariailaria Verderame
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Podarcis Sicula ◽  
Mating Period

A crucial role in the maintenance of male reproductive functions is carried out by the androgen through its receptor in balance with the estrogen receptors (ERs). The distribution of the androgen receptor (AR) is well documented in the testis and in the reproductive tissues of mammals but the findings about the AR in nonmammalian vertebrates and in particular in reptiles are very scarce. Here by means ofin situhybridization (ISH) we investigated the AR expression along the epididymal channel (efferent ductules,corpus, andcauda) ofPodarcis siculaduring the mating and nonmating period. The results show that in this seasonal breeding species the AR expression pattern is always constant throughout the epididymis. The administration of estradiol-17βin the mating period does not affect the AR expression but inhibits the secretory activity of the epididymalcorpus. To verify the expression pattern of ERs, we also conducted ISH investigations on adjacent sections with ERs probes. The findings suggest that AR induces the secretory activity in the epithelial cells of the epididymalcorpusand confirm our previous results that showed the role of ERalpha (ERα) as switch off for the secretion of this compartment.

scholarly journals Spermatogenic Waves and Expression of AR and ERs in Germ Cells ofPodarcis sicula

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariailaria Verderame ◽  
Francesco Angelini ◽  
Ermelinda Limatola
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Podarcis Sicula ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Late Pachytene ◽  
Seasonal Breeder ◽  
Almost All

Androgens are considered the main hormones that regulate spermatogenesis, but a lot of evidence confers to estrogen a key role in this process. In the testis of the seasonal breeder lizardPodarcis siculawe analyzed by means ofin situhybridization the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and of the two types,αandβ, of the estrogen receptors (ERs) throughout the three periods of the annual cycle: mating (spring-early summer), postmating-refractory (late summer), and autumnal recrudescence. The results show that during the mating period AR and ERs are expressed in all germ cells present in the tubules from spermatogonia to spermatozoa. During the postmating-refractory period, when only spermatogonia are present in the tubules, almost all express ERs and very few AR mRNA. During the autumnal recrudescence the localization of AR and ERs is the same of the mating period except for the population of the primary spermatocytes. The expression of the investigated receptors is peculiar in these cells that are positive in the middle-late pachytene stage of the meiotic prophase and negative in preleptotene. A possible functional role of the observed differences during spermatogenesis and in the spermatozoa is also discussed.

scholarly journals Different roles for two enhancer domains in the organ- and age-specific pattern of polyomavirus replication in the mouse.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3628-3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amalfitano ◽  
L G Martin ◽  
M M Fluck
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Stage ◽  
Murine Polyomavirus ◽  
A Domains

Viral replication in mice infected with murine polyomavirus strains with novel enhancer rearrangements was analyzed by direct in situ hybridization of whole mouse sections and by hybridization of nucleic acids extracted from a specific set of organs. The enhancer rearrangements included a deletion of the B domain as well as duplications within the A domain. Comparisons between enhancer variants demonstrate that the B domain plays an important role in replication in most organs, in particular in the kidney, at the neonatal stage (days 0 to 7 postbirth). In contrast, the B domain is not required in those organs which can sustain replication in the adult, i.e. mammary gland, skin, and bone (class I organs [J. J. Wirth, A. Amalfitano, R. Gross, M. B. A. Oldstone, and M. M. Fluck, J. Virol. 66:3278-3286, 1992]). Altogether, the results suggest that the B and A domains mediate very different functions in infection of mice, controlling the acute and persistent phases of infection, respectively. A model of mouse infection based on the crucial role of differentially expressed host transcription factors is presented.

Cobalt-catalyzed direct transformation of aldehydes to esters: the crucial role of an enone as a mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao-Lin Jiang ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
Meng-Liang Wang ◽  
Dian-Sheng Liu ◽  
Bao-Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
Oxidative Esterification ◽  
Low Valent

An oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alkanols catalyzed by an in situ generated low-valent cobalt system has been developed using an enone as a mild oxidant.

Role of Satellite Technology in Oceanic Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Thomas Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Microwave Region ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
The Earth

The three-fourth surface of the earth is covered with ocean. The study of the ocean is important for sustainable overall development of a nation and world at large in view of it being rich in resources and playing a crucial role in the climate of the region and changes associated with it. The space-based observations assume significance, as it provides synoptic and repetitive coverage of the ocean in contrast to the sparse and isolated in-situ buoy or ship observations. The remote sensing of the ocean with the help of satellite or satellite oceanography has many other applications also. The electromagnetic radiation in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave regions are used by the sensors on-board space platforms to measure the diverse physical, biological, and geological parameters of the ocean. Amongst the various electromagnetic regions, the microwave region plays an important role in the study of the ocean.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Estrogens in Lizard Spermatogenesis through the Study of Clomiphene and FSH Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariailaria Verderame ◽  
Rosaria Scudiero ◽  
Ermelinda Limatola
Keyword(s):  
Natural Condition ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Podarcis Sicula ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Agonist And Antagonist ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Spermatogenesis is a fascinating biological process aiming to generate haploid spermatozoa from diploid spermatogonia through a specific hormonal network between gonadotropins and steroids. Increasing evidence suggests that the primary female sex hormone estrogen plays an active role in this process. This research points out on the role of estrogen during lizard spermatogenesis by using three experimental approaches: (1) exposure to an analogue of nonsteroidal estrogen as Clomiphene citrate that acts both as estrogen agonist and antagonist; (2) exposure to the gonadotropin FSH; and (3) exposures to FSH followed by Clomiphene. Histological and immunohistochemical results demonstrate that in the lizard Podarcis sicula during the mating period, Clomiphene as well as FSH determines the breakdown of spermatogenesis and the epididymal regression, presumably through estrogens input as indirectly demonstrated by the appearance of ERα and vitellogenin in the liver. The ability of Clomiphene to restore the gonadal natural condition after FSH treatment is also demonstrated. Finally, data indicate that lizard testis and epididymis control their morphophysiology regulating the intracellular presence of ERα.

Crucial role of interdiffusion on magnetic properties of in situ formed MgO∕Fe3−δO4 heterostructured nanowires

2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (17) ◽  
pp. 173119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelian Marcu ◽  
Takeshi Yanagida ◽  
Kazuki Nagashima ◽  
Keisuke Oka ◽  
Hidekazu Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Crucial Role

scholarly journals Crucial role of androgen receptor in vascular H2S biosynthesis induced by testosterone

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (6) ◽  
pp. 1505-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Brancaleone ◽  
V Vellecco ◽  
D S Matassa ◽  
R d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca ◽  
R Sorrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Crucial Role

Understanding the crucial role of local crystal order in the electrocatalytic activity of crystalline manganese oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
pp. 12565-12573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang Mee Lee ◽  
Sharad B. Patil ◽  
Bohyun Kang ◽  
Seul Lee ◽  
Min Gyu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Structural Order

In situ spectroscopic investigation elucidates the crucial role of local structural order in the excellent electrocatalytic activity of crystalline MnO2.

Different roles for two enhancer domains in the organ- and age-specific pattern of polyomavirus replication in the mouse

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3628-3635
Author(s):  
A Amalfitano ◽  
L G Martin ◽  
M M Fluck
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Stage ◽  
Murine Polyomavirus ◽  
A Domains

Viral replication in mice infected with murine polyomavirus strains with novel enhancer rearrangements was analyzed by direct in situ hybridization of whole mouse sections and by hybridization of nucleic acids extracted from a specific set of organs. The enhancer rearrangements included a deletion of the B domain as well as duplications within the A domain. Comparisons between enhancer variants demonstrate that the B domain plays an important role in replication in most organs, in particular in the kidney, at the neonatal stage (days 0 to 7 postbirth). In contrast, the B domain is not required in those organs which can sustain replication in the adult, i.e. mammary gland, skin, and bone (class I organs [J. J. Wirth, A. Amalfitano, R. Gross, M. B. A. Oldstone, and M. M. Fluck, J. Virol. 66:3278-3286, 1992]). Altogether, the results suggest that the B and A domains mediate very different functions in infection of mice, controlling the acute and persistent phases of infection, respectively. A model of mouse infection based on the crucial role of differentially expressed host transcription factors is presented.

scholarly journals Plac1 Expression Pattern at the Mouse Fetomaternal Interface and Involvement in Trophoblast Differentiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2001-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Gu ◽  
Junhui Wan ◽  
Lv Yao ◽  
Nan-Ni Peng ◽  
Wen-Lin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Trophoblast Differentiation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cell ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cells ◽  
Ectoplacental Cone

Background/Aims: It is well known that Plac1 is a placenta-specific gene; however, its spatiotemporal expression pattern and exact role at t h e mouse fetomaternal interface r e m a i n s unclear. Methods: In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to localize the Plac1 mRNA at the mouse fetomaternal interface. A trophoblast stem cell (TS) differentiation model with Plac1 shRNA-overexpressing lentivirus was employed to investigate the possible role of Plac1 in placentation. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect changes in gene expression. Results: Plac1 was exclusively expressed in the ectoplacental cone (EPC) as well as in 8.5 and 9.5 days post-coitum (dpc) embryos. Subsequently, Plac1 expression was abundant in the spongiotrophoblast layer and moderately in the labyrinth layer until 13.5 dpc, and declined thereafter. Interestingly, Plac1 was also expressed by secondary trophoblast giant cells and glycogen trophoblast cells, but not in primary trophoblast giant cells. Plac1 transcription was increased during the TS differentiation (P < 0.01), and knockdown of Plac1 significantly impaired TS differentiation. Conclusion: Plac1 is abundantly expressed at the fetomaternal interface and in all trophoblast subtypes except in primary trophoblast giant cells. Plac1 knockdown retarded the progress of TS differentiation, indicating that Plac1 is necessary for normal trophoblast differentiation into various trophoblast subpopulations.

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