Role of Satellite Technology in Oceanic Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Thomas Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Microwave Region ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
The Earth

The three-fourth surface of the earth is covered with ocean. The study of the ocean is important for sustainable overall development of a nation and world at large in view of it being rich in resources and playing a crucial role in the climate of the region and changes associated with it. The space-based observations assume significance, as it provides synoptic and repetitive coverage of the ocean in contrast to the sparse and isolated in-situ buoy or ship observations. The remote sensing of the ocean with the help of satellite or satellite oceanography has many other applications also. The electromagnetic radiation in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave regions are used by the sensors on-board space platforms to measure the diverse physical, biological, and geological parameters of the ocean. Amongst the various electromagnetic regions, the microwave region plays an important role in the study of the ocean.

scholarly journals ChipSats for Planetary Exploration: Dynamics and Aerothermal Modeling of Atmospheric Entry and Dispersion

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Umansky-Castro ◽  
Kimberly G. Yap ◽  
Mason A. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Ground Model ◽  
Atmospheric Entry ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mission Duration ◽  
Globally Distributed

This paper presents an orbit-to-ground model for the atmospheric entry of ChipSats, gram-scale spacecraft that offer unique advantages over their conventionally larger counterparts. ChipSats may prove particularly useful for in-situ measurements in the upper atmosphere, where spatially and temporally varying phenomena are especially difficult to characterize. Globally distributed ChipSats would enable datasets of unprecedented detail, assuming they could survive. The model presented is used to assess the survival and dispersion of a swarm of ChipSats when deployed over the Earth, Moon, Mars, and Titan. These planetary exploration case studies focus on the Monarch, the newest-generation ChipSat developed at Cornell University, in order to evaluate technology readiness for such missions. A parametric study is then conducted to inform future ChipSat design, highlighting the role of the ballistic coefficient in both peak entry temperature and mission duration.

scholarly journals Priority scientific and technical tasks in the field of exploration and efficient use of outer space

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
V. A. Soloviev ◽  
A. A. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Noise Immunity ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Communications ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Space Navigation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses the main directions of development of cosmonautics, which have an impact on ensuring the connectivity of the territories of the Russian Federation. The key role of such areas of space activity as space navigation, space communications, remote sensing of the Earth, applied and fundamental research in space is shown. An analysis of the development trends of applied cosmonautics, existing problems and ways to solve them is conducted: increasing the scientific space and remote sensing group of the Earth, methods of improving the accuracy of positioning, availability, noise immunity of space navigation, etc.

scholarly journals Muses-C as a Benchmark Mission for the S-Type Asteroid Group

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 729-729
Author(s):  
Akira Fujiwara ◽  
Masanao Abe ◽  
Hajime Yano
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Asteroid Surface

MUSES-C is launched in May 2003, and arrives in the vicinity of a near-Earth asteroid (25143)1998 SF36 in June 2005. The spectral type is S and its diameter is 300-600 m. During four months stay multi-band imaging, near-infrared spectra, and X-ray spectra will be taken at the nominal altitude of about 6km above the asteroid surface.. Sampling of the surface material will be made at two different locations. The total mass collected will be about 1 g. A miniature hopping lander on which imaging cameras are boarded will be dropped onto the surface. The sample will be returned to the earth in June 2007. These methods, the close-up global observation from the spacecraft, in situ observation from the lander, and detailed analysis of the returned sample, can, as well as ground-based observation of the targeted asteroid, provide information of surface material distribution in various scales, and also provide powerful benchmarks to interpretation of spectroscopic data obtained through ground-based observation of S-type asteroids.

scholarly journals Different roles for two enhancer domains in the organ- and age-specific pattern of polyomavirus replication in the mouse.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3628-3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amalfitano ◽  
L G Martin ◽  
M M Fluck
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Stage ◽  
Murine Polyomavirus ◽  
A Domains

Viral replication in mice infected with murine polyomavirus strains with novel enhancer rearrangements was analyzed by direct in situ hybridization of whole mouse sections and by hybridization of nucleic acids extracted from a specific set of organs. The enhancer rearrangements included a deletion of the B domain as well as duplications within the A domain. Comparisons between enhancer variants demonstrate that the B domain plays an important role in replication in most organs, in particular in the kidney, at the neonatal stage (days 0 to 7 postbirth). In contrast, the B domain is not required in those organs which can sustain replication in the adult, i.e. mammary gland, skin, and bone (class I organs [J. J. Wirth, A. Amalfitano, R. Gross, M. B. A. Oldstone, and M. M. Fluck, J. Virol. 66:3278-3286, 1992]). Altogether, the results suggest that the B and A domains mediate very different functions in infection of mice, controlling the acute and persistent phases of infection, respectively. A model of mouse infection based on the crucial role of differentially expressed host transcription factors is presented.

scholarly journals The MOPITT Version 9 CO Product: Sampling Enhancements and Validation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merritt Deeter ◽  
Gene Francis ◽  
John Gille ◽  
Debbie Mao ◽  
Sara Martínez-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Cloud Detection ◽  
Geographical Variability ◽  
Satellite Retrieval ◽  
Source Regions

Abstract. Characteristics of the Version 9 (V9) MOPITT ("Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere") satellite retrieval product for tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) are described. The new V9 product includes many CO retrievals over land which, in previous MOPITT product versions, would have been discarded by the cloud detection algorithm. Globally, the number of daytime MOPITT retrievals over land has increased by 30–40 % relative to the Version 8 product, although the increase in retrieval coverage exhibits significant geographical variability. Areas benefiting from the improved cloud detection performance include (but are not limited to) source regions often characterized by high aerosol concentrations. The V9 MOPITT product also incorporates a modified calibration strategy for the MOPITT near-infrared (NIR) CO channels, resulting in greater temporal consistency for the NIR-only and thermal infrared-near infrared (TIR-NIR) retrieval variants. Validation results based on in-situ CO profiles acquired from aircraft in a variety of contexts indicate that retrieval biases for V9 are typically within the range of ±5 % and are generally comparable to results for the V8 product.

scholarly journals ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN FORESTRY

2014 ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
MEGHA GUPTA ◽  
ANKITA KHARE ◽  
SRASHTI PATHAK
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Earth

The Earth is constantly under observation from dozens of satellites orbiting the planet and collecting data. They are engaged in something called "remote sensing”: the act of obtaining information about something without being in direct contact with it. Now-a-days the field of Remote Sensing and GIS has become exciting and glamorous with rapidly expanding opportunities. Many organizations spend large amounts of money on these fields. Here the question arises why these fields are so important in recent years. Two main reasons are there behind this. Now-a-days scientists, researchers, students, and even common people are showing great interest for better understanding of our environment. Development in complicated space technology which can provide large volume of spatial data, along with declining costs of computer hardware and software has made Remote Sensing and G.I.S. affordable to not only complex environmental/spatial situation but also affordable to an increasingly wider audience.

Cobalt-catalyzed direct transformation of aldehydes to esters: the crucial role of an enone as a mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao-Lin Jiang ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
Meng-Liang Wang ◽  
Dian-Sheng Liu ◽  
Bao-Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
Oxidative Esterification ◽  
Low Valent

An oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alkanols catalyzed by an in situ generated low-valent cobalt system has been developed using an enone as a mild oxidant.

A Discussion on the measurement and interpretation of changes of strain in the Earth - Role of pore fluids in faulting

1973 ◽  
Vol 274 (1239) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
San Andreas Fault ◽  
Fault Creep ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Shallow Earthquakes ◽  
Pressure Changes

We consider three in situ processes which involve fluid flow in the crust: fault creep, aftershocks and dilatancy. Measurements of water level in wells suggest that creep events on the San Andreas fault are coupled with pore pressure changes. Readjustment of transient pore pressure, induced by large shallow earthquakes, possess the correct time constants and magnitudes to explain the occurrence of aftershocks. And finally, temporal changes of travel times in the Gram district (U.S.S.R.) imply that dilatancy may occur in situ.

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