Effect of Metal Sequestrants on the Decomposition of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate

Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) is an energetic salt used in flight-proven green monopropellants such as ASCENT (formerly AF-M315E), flown in NASA’s 2019 Green Propellant Infusion Mission, and SHP163, flown in JAXA’s Rapid Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1. The decomposition of HAN is catalyzed by metals commonly found in storage tanks, a factor limiting its use. This work investigates the ability of metal-sequestering chelating agents to inhibit the decomposition of HAN. Isothermal and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to find isothermal decomposition rates, decomposition onset temperatures, and first-order Arrhenius reaction rate parameters. In the present research, 2,2′-bipyridine (Bipy), triethanolamine (TEA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were studied as 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5% by weight additives in 90% aqueous HAN. An isothermal decomposition rate of 0.137%/h at 348 K was observed for HAN. The addition of 1% Bipy and 1% TEA reduced the isothermal decomposition rate by 20.4% to 0.109%/h, and by 3.65% to 0.132%/h, respectively, showing that Bipy can inhibit decomposition. The addition of 1% EDTA increased the isothermal decomposition rate by 12.4% to 0.154%/h. Bipy was found to increase the decomposition onset temperature from 454.8 K to 461.8 K, while the results for TEA and EDTA were inconclusive. First order reaction rates calculated by the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method were found to be insufficient to capture the effects of the tested additives. Bipy was found to inhibit the decomposition of HAN, while TEA and EDTA produced little or negative effect, a result believed to be due to poor metal complex stability at low pH and high acidity, respectively. Spectrophotometry, used for colorimetric analysis of Bipy+iron complexes, showed that Bipy forms chelate complexes with trace iron impurities when added to HAN solutions.

APRS Data Receiver Using Raspberry Pi in LAPAN-A2 Satellite

Lapan-A2 Satellite, also known as LAPAN-ORARI, is the second satellite developed by the Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) especially by Satellite Technology Center. This satellite was launched in 2015 which one of the payloads is for amateur radio communication such as VR (Voice Repeater) and APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System). The APRS is a method of transmitting messages, status and positions using certain range of frequency and often used by Search and Rescue (SAR) team. Due to its function, APRS are not only used for disaster mitigation but also transmit various kind of data such as text message and weather information. In order to receive such information, APRS must be equipped with supporting devices. Formerly, APRS utilize terminal node controller and special hardware to decode its information but those technology is quite expensive. To address that challenge, this paper proposed an alternative way to decode the information send both from satellite APRS and terrestrial APRS by using raspberry Pi to replace those high-cost system.

On the Energy Performance of Iridium Satellite IoT Technology

Most Internet of Things (IoT) communication technologies rely on terrestrial network infrastructure. When such infrastructure is not available or does not provide sufficient coverage, satellite communication offers an alternative IoT connectivity solution. Satellite-enabled IoT devices are typically powered by a limited energy source. However, as of this writing, and to our best knowledge, the energy performance of satellite IoT technology has not been investigated. In this paper, we model and evaluate the energy performance of Iridium satellite technology for IoT devices. Our work is based on real hardware measurements. We provide average current consumption, device lifetime, and energy cost of data delivery results as a function of different parameters. Results show, among others, that an Iridium-enabled IoT device, running on a 2400 mAh battery and sending a 100-byte message every 100 min, may achieve a lifetime of 0.95 years. However, Iridium device energy performance decreases significantly with message rate.

Unravelling the long-term, locally-heterogenous response of Greenland glaciers observed in archival photography

We present an approach for extracting quantifiable information from archival aerial photographs to extend the temporal record of change over a region of the central eastern Greenland Ice Sheet. The photographs we use were gathered in the 1930s as part of a surveying expedition, and so they were not acquired with photogrametric analysis in mind. Nevertheless, we are able to make opportunistic use of this imagery, as well as additional, novel data-sets, to explore changes at ice margins well before the advent of conventional satellite technology. The insights that a longer record of ice margin change bring is crucial for improving our understanding of how glaciers are responding to the changing climate. In addition, our work focuses on a series of relatively small and little studied outlet glaciers from the eastern margin of the Ice Sheet. We show that whilst air and sea surface temperatures are important controls on the rates at which these ice masses change, there is also significant heterogeneity in their responses, with non-climatic controls (such as the role of bathymetry in front of calving margins) being extremely important. In general, there is often a tendency to focus either on changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet as a whole, or to focus on regional variations. Here, we suggest that even this approach masks important variability, and full understanding of the behaviour and response of the Ice Sheet requires us to consider changes that are taking place at the scale of individual outlet glaciers.

Experimental study on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for the prediction of oil and gas facilities

The article is devoted to the topical problem of forecasting oil and gas promising objects using the latest remote sensing technologies. The proposed new approach to obtaining field verification data is an essential component of the methodology for solving oil and gas prospecting problems on land (satellite technology).Experimental field studies were carried out using the Ocean Optics STS-VIS Developers kit spectroradiometer installed on a quadcopter. Using the example of the Vostochnorogintsevska area, which is part of the Talalaevska-Rybaltsy oil and gas region of the Dnieper-Donetsk oil and gas region, the main stages of the developed method are demonstrated: a model of the fault-block structure was created, the neotectonic features of this area and its local blocks were estimated, photometric measurements of a multispectral satellite image along the route were carried out, birch leaves were sampled again along the same route for spectrometry using the ASD FieldSpec 3 FR instrument.The main objective of the experiment was to carry out field measurements with the Ocean Optics STS-VIS Developers kit spectroradiometer along a route that repeats the routes of measurements with spectrometers carried out earlier. The results showed that the optical anomaly, which is identified with a hydrocarbon accumulation, along the profile at the Vostochnorogintsevska area corresponds to the segment between points 15-26.The same anomaly has been established with the spectrometry device ASD FieldSpec 3 FR (2009 and 2021), the instrument SF-18 (1999 and 2004). Sufficiently accurately allocated transition from object to background, which corresponds to the boundary of the deposit on the drilling data (point 16 on the profile), i.e. has been confirmed in principle the possibility of allocating a low-intensity optical anomalies over hydrocarbon reservoirs using spectroradiometer STS-VIS Developers kit, mounted on quadrocopter.

Live GPS Location Tracking using GPRS

In this paper, a real time tracking system is put forward. In this we are going to design a system which is used for tracking and positioning by using (GPS) and (GSM). This design is based on embedded application, which will regularly monitor location and report the status. This tracking device which is used in real time vehicle location tracking is done using the Arduino Uno Atmega328P, SIM800A module and NEO 6M GPS module. For doing so, the Arduino Uno Atmega328P is combined serially to a GSM module and GPS module. The design make use of RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the modems and the microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for transforming TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels. The GSM module is used to regularly send the position of the vehicle from distant place. The GPS module that makes use of satellite technology for its navigation system will regularly give information like longitude, latitude, speed, distance travelled etc. For this purpose, Amazon Cloud Services is used for location data handling. The MySQL database is used to reserve all the data of the GPS.